Measuring quality conventions in the food industry: Applications to the wine sector in Spain

The “quality turn” that the agri-food system has recently taken considers quality to be a complex notion that is defined both by the physical characteristics of the product and by changing socio-cultural factors. Convention theory provides a framework for assessing quality by means of various criteria, which correspond to different convention categories. Research that is based on this theory employs qualitative methods and case studies. In this article, a quantitative research methodology that addresses the conventions of the agri-food industry was carried out. Specifically, 19 mathematical indicators were constructed from statistical sources to identify and measure existing quality conventions in the wine subsector. These indicators have been tested in a study of 16 Protected Designations of Origin (PDOs) inland Spain, with the following results: first, existing convention categories for each PDO were identified – industrial, commercial, domestic, public and civic – and a distinctive quality profile was developed for each one. Second, a ranking of PDOs was established according to their orientation to each convention type. The viability and utility of the quantitative methods in this quality convention study was demonstrated, thereby opening a research path that is complementary to qualitative methods.     

尺度转换视角下易武斗茶会的构建与变迁

选取易武斗茶会为研究案例,以尺度转换为理论分析工具,通过参与式观察法和半结构化访谈法,深入分析易武斗茶会的发展历程并展示推动其发展演变的多元社会主体的不同行动与实践。研究发现：① 易武斗茶会的演变过程中存在2种尺度转换的方式,一种是为迎合普洱茶市场细分而进行的尺度下推,另一种是根据地方发展需求而进行的尺度上推。② 易武斗茶会尺度转换是在地方政府的推动、茶企的支持、茶农的配合以及茶客的偏好下共同驱动的。③ 多元主体的行动在推动易武斗茶会尺度转换的过程中满足了各自群体的利益诉求,地方依凭茶叶经济实现了本土发展。从节事的角度对中国茶文化进行深入分析研究,为茶村如何通过地方性节事活动实现本土发展提供理论依据与案例借鉴。     

数字地图生产流程中质量的数据控制

本文将着重讨论在ISO9001质量控制体系下、数字地图生产流程中影响地图质量的各类数据文件的设定与控制,从而进一步探讨在电子出版系统及CTP系统中,数字地图生产规范化、标准化、程序化作业的质量控制内容及方法。     

持续寡照对温室番茄开花座果、产量及果实品质的影响

选取番茄品种“金冠5号”为试材,在日光温室中利用遮阳网设计不同寡照(光合有效辐射,PAR<200μmol·m^-2·s^-1)持续日数(0、1、3、5、7、9 d)及正常光照条件下的恢复试验,研究寡照胁迫对番茄开花座果、产量形成及果实品质的影响。结果表明:持续寡照胁迫造成番茄开花期推迟,开花数和单穗果实数减少,座果率降低,寡照胁迫7—9 d,番茄花期推迟一周左右;寡照胁迫还导致番茄单果重、单株产量、果实直径降低,非商品果率增加,寡照9 d处理番茄单果重、单株产量、果实直径分别较CK低0.04 kg、1.80 kg和1.10 cm,非商品果率较CK高3.1%;寡照胁迫下,番茄单株产量与植株叶片数,叶片气孔导度、蒸腾速率、光合速率等光合参数均呈显著正相关,而与叶片胞间CO 2浓度呈负相关;番茄果实维生素C含量、可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白含量随寡照胁迫持续时间增加而降低;而番茄果实抗坏血酸含量、有机酸含量和总酸度则相反,且寡照胁迫持续时间越长,番茄果实抗坏血酸含量、有机酸含量和总酸度越高。研究结论可为定量评估寡照灾害对设施番茄开花座果、产量及品质的影响提供一定依据。     

两种常用漂白剂对江篱和鸡毛藻琼胶质与量影响的研究

本文系统研究了次氯酸钠和高锰酸钾漂白剂对两种江篱和鸡毛藻制造琼胶质与量的影响。探索了漂白剂浓度,处理时间与琼胶质与量的关系,选出了较佳的漂白方法及条件。试验结果表明,采用选定的漂白方法,既保证了产品的质与量,又用最少量的辅料,达到降低成本,提高经济效益的目的。     

国外部分卫星产品质量评价和质量控制方法

卫星遥感信息产品是由星载遥感仪器观测的数据经科学方法处理得到的,由于观测数据受地球大气和地表、太阳位置以及星上仪器工作状态、定标和定位精度等多种因素的影响,卫星遥感信息产品必须经过质量控制、误差分析之后才可以使用.因此,开展卫星产品质量控制和质量评价研究对于卫星反演产品的应用和在国民经济中发挥作用是非常必要的.该文调研了国外部分卫星产品(主要针对MODIS反演产品)的质量评价和质量控制的技术以及组织管理方法.     

Sediment disturbance off the Tagus Estuary, Western Portugal: chronic contamination, sewage outfall operation and runoff events

Sediment disturbance patterns in the coastal area off the Tagus Estuary (Portugal) have been assessed using a set of combined techniques. The potential sources of disturbance in the area include chronic contamination of the fine sediments originating from the estuary, a local input from a long-sea sewage outfall and occasional high runoff episodes following torrential rain. The Sediment Quality Triad approach, combining environmental chemistry (namely organic contaminants), macrofaunal benthic communities and laboratory sediment toxicity assays, was performed on sediment samples from 20 sites. The samples were collected before the outfall commenced operation and four years after commissioning, in order to evaluate the relative magnitudes of the three potential sources of disturbance. The sediment contamination created by the estuary was identified as the most important cause of reduced sediment quality, as disturbance in all three components of the Sediment Quality Triad were only found in a site located near the estuary.     

FY-2C云迹风资料在中尺度数值模式中的应用研究

利用探空观测资料对FY-2C云迹风资料进行统计检验和误差分析,并针对其误差特征进行偏差订正和热成风原理两种方法的质量控制.然后通过GRAPES-3Dvar同化到GRAPES-Meso模式中,对2005年7月1日00时至7月2日00时发生在中国西北部的一次暴雨过程进行了数值对比试验.结果表明:云迹风数量在垂直方向上主要集中分布于500 hPa以上的对流层中高层,在250 hPa附近数量分布概率最大;高度在500 hPa以下云迹风存在明显的风向误差和很大的风速误差,而且误差分布发散,可用性较差.500 hPa以上层次的云迹风误差较小,且误差分布呈高斯分布具有一定的系统特性,可用性较好;通过质量控制后,可以把风向错误或风速偏差太大的云迹风予以剔除,进一步提高云迹风的精度;同化云迹风资料后,在暴雨区附近初始风场低层的西南气流明显加强,有利于暴雨区水汽输送和水汽辐合,最终能很好地改善24 h暴雨预报的强度和落区.     

ArcGIS在矢量测绘数据质量控制中的应用

GIS应用和信息化测绘发展对测绘数据质量提出更高要求,本文通过对矢量测绘数据质量要素控制的简单分析,详细介绍了实际工作中运用ArcGIS对主要的质量要素进行控制检查的方法和步骤,对实施矢量测绘数据的质量控制具有实际意义。