皖南低丘茶园土壤动物群落结构研究

本文是1986年10月—1988年10月对皖南低丘茶园土壤动物群落结构调查和研究的结果。调查期间共获大、中、小型土壤动物9468个,分别隶属于6门13纲37类。其中线虫类、螨类和蚁类为优势类群;线蚓类、弹尾类、鞘翅类幼虫、双翅类幼虫、蜘蛛类为常见类群,两者共占全捕量的94.03％。中小型土壤动物平均密度为1—2万个/m~2,大型土壤动物密度为200—500个/m~2。30年树龄茶园土壤动物群落的组成和数量最丰富,多样性、均匀性和密度-类群指数最高,其变化规律一般是30年茶园>20年茶园>15年茶园;7年树龄茶园群落土壤动物个体数虽少,但组成并不贫乏,且分布均匀,故多样性与密度-类群指数较高。土壤结构较好的黄红壤茶园各项指数大于土层薄、排水不良的黄棕壤茶园。群落各项指数秋季均大于春季。     

浅议如何提高地震前兆观测数据的质量

文中论述了地震前兆观测数据的采集、处理、入库、报送和共享等具体工作,指出了当前数据报送工作中存在的问题,提出了改进措施,以保障前兆观测数据的连续、完整。为地震监测预报提供可信度较高的资料。     

Processing and quality control of flux data during LITFASS-2003

Different aspects of the quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) of micrometeorological measurements were combined to create a comprehensive algorithm which was then applied to experimental data from LITFASS-2003 (Lindenberg Inhomogeneous Terrain—Fluxes between Atmosphere and Surface: a long term Study). Eddy-covariance measurements of the latent heat flux were the main focus of the QA/QC efforts. The results of a turbulence sensor intercomparison experiment showed deviations between the different eddy-covariance systems on the order of 15%, or less than 30 W m⁻², for the latent heat flux and 5%, or less than 10 W m⁻², for the sensible heat flux. In order to avoid uncertainties due to the post-processing of turbulence data, a comprehensive software package was used for the analysis of experimental data from LITFASS-2003, including all necessary procedures for corrections and quality control. An overview of the quality test results shows that for most of the days more than 80% of the available latent heat flux data are of high quality so long as there are no instrumental problems. The representativeness of a flux value for the target land-use type was analysed using a stochastic footprint model. Different methods to calculate soil heat fluxes at the surface are discussed and a sensitivity analysis is conducted to select the most robust method for LITFASS-2003. The lack of energy balance closure, which was found for LITFASS-2003, can probably be attributed to the presence of low-frequency flux contributions that cannot be resolved with an averaging time of 30 min. Though the QA/QC system has been developed for the requirements of LITFASS-2003, it can also be applied to other experiments dealing with similar objectives.     

灌浆自动记录仪在云鹏水电站坝基工程中的应用

灌浆自动记录仪可以准确记录灌浆全过程灌浆参数,保证灌浆原始记录资料的稳定、可靠和真实,为合理控制施工过程和正确分析判断注浆效果提供可靠的依据,使灌浆质量得以提高。     

基于数据库的大比例尺基础地理数据缩编需要注意的一些问题

提出了基于数据库的大比例尺基础地理数据缩编需要注意的一些问题，并从加强数据设计的完整性、作好数据准备工作，提高自动化处理功能，人机交互辅助缩编，满足地图回放的要求，加强数据质量控制等方面阐述了实现基于数据库缩编的实用方法。     

The energy balance experiment EBEX-2000. Part II: Intercomparison of eddy-covariance sensors and post-field data processing methods

The eddy-covariance method is the primary way of measuring turbulent fluxes directly. Many investigators have found that these flux measurements often do not satisfy a fundamental criterion—closure of the surface energy balance. This study investigates to what extent the eddy-covariance measurement technology can be made responsible for this deficiency, in particular the effects of instrumentation or of the post-field data processing. Therefore, current eddy-covariance sensors and several post-field data processing methods were compared. The differences in methodology resulted in deviations of 10% for the sensible heat flux and of 15% for the latent heat flux for an averaging time of 30 min. These disparities were mostly due to different sensor separation corrections and a linear detrending of the data. The impact of different instrumentation on the resulting heat flux estimates was significantly higher. Large deviations from the reference system of up to 50% were found for some sensor combinations. However, very good measurement quality was found for a CSAT3 sonic together with a KH20 krypton hygrometer and also for a UW sonic together with a KH20. If these systems are well calibrated and maintained, an accuracy of better than 5% can be achieved for 30-min values of sensible and latent heat flux measurements. The results from the sonic anemometers Gill Solent-HS, ATI-K, Metek USA-1, and R.M. Young 81000 showed more or less larger deviations from the reference system. The LI-COR LI-7500 open-path H₂O/CO₂ gas analyser in the test was one of the first serial numbers of this sensor type and had technical problems regarding direct solar radiation sensitivity and signal delay. These problems are known by the manufacturer and improvements of the sensor have since been made. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is supported by the National Science Foundation.     

Fair Trade Rooibos tea: Connecting South African producers and American consumer markets

This article analyzes the recent growth and configuration of Fair Trade networks connecting South African Rooibos tea producers with American consumer markets. As we demonstrate, Fair Trade’s growth in the Rooibos sector engages key issues of black empowerment, land reform, and sustainable development in post-Apartheid South Africa. Fair Trade networks provide small-scale black Rooibos producers with critical markets. Most significantly, the Wupperthal and Heiveld cooperatives have upgraded into processing and packaging and their jointly owned Fairpackers facility now exports shelf-ready Rooibos tea. Analyzing the nature of US Fair Trade Rooibos buyers and their South African sourcing arrangements, we identify key variations in Fair Trade commitment and engagement between mission-driven and market-driven distributors. While mission-driven buyers engage small-scale Rooibos cooperatives in multifaceted partnership networks, market-driven buyers pursue conventional sourcing strategies favoring purchases from large plantations and exporters. We conclude that tensions between a radical and commercial orientation toward Fair Trade in Rooibos tea networks in many ways mirror those in the broader movement.     

CIPP管道修复工程质量控制

本文介绍了CIPP（原位固化法）管道修复技术在国内的应用现状,列举了CIPP技术在施工常见的质量问题,例如：针孔与缺口、起皱和白斑等等。分析了问题产生的原因,针对这些问题,提出了一些解决方案。另外,作者还介绍了美国材料试验学会（ASTM）关于CIPP内衬管性能参数的检测方法,包括弯曲性能、拉伸强度、泄漏试验、分层试验以及抗化学腐蚀试验等。     

保山西邑铅锌矿采选工程RQD与RBI对比研究

用岩石质量指标和岩体块度指数的理论,对钻孔岩心实测资料进行分析和对比研究,对钻孔周围岩体进行分级。结果表明:岩体块度指数在岩石质量评价中能更准确地反映其优越性,具有更为显著的工程意义。     

Outstanding challenges for urban conservation research and action

Researchers, advocates and policymakers have proposed urban conservation as an emerging, integrative discipline that can contribute to sustainable cities by delivering co-benefits to human and non-human components of biodiversity. Given the recent growth in biodiversity-friendly designs and management schemes, there is an urgent need for a synthesis of this fragmented research base to inform planners and decision-makers. We conducted a systematic multidisciplinary literature review (787 papers) and found that the importance of urban areas for general conservation is not convincingly supported by empirical research. Only few studies demonstrated that cities can directly contribute to conservation efforts, by hosting viable populations of rare or endangered species, or by providing green corridors for the passage of natural populations. From a social perspective, while several studies demonstrated that green infrastructure could provide services for people (notably cultural services), only few studies explored the role of species diversity per se. Our review also shows strong geographical, location and taxonomic biases in urban biodiversity conservation research that make generalisations difficult. It is a disturbing paradox that while research in urban biodiversity conservation is rising exponentially, the main motivations for conserving urban biodiversity remain largely untested and unproven. We thus propose a framework for promoting integrative urban conservation research to bridge those gaps. Together, these findings warn against expanding cities under green planning and call for enhancing biodiversity experience by improving the quality of existing green spaces throughout the entire urban matrix. We provide a set of recommendations for practitioners and decision-makers to continue action.