Winkler地基上材料非线性矩形薄板主参数共振-主共振研究

研究Winkler地基上材料非线性矩形薄板的参数共振-主共振问题。建立Winkler地基上材料非线性矩形薄板的动力学方程。利用Galerkin方法将其转化为非线性振动方程。应用非线性振动的多尺度法求得系统满足主参数共振-主共振条件的近似解,并进行数值计算。分析激励、调谐值、阻尼系数、非线性参数、几何参数对共振响应曲线的影响。     

接触摩擦问题的数值模拟

无网格伽辽金法(EFGM)可脱离单元的概念,特别适合岩体裂纹面的接触摩擦分析。基于EFGM,在裂纹面引入罚参数,通过迭代计算,得到裂纹面真实的应力状态,从而模拟闭合裂纹的粘接、滑移和张开行为,数值结果表明该方法是合理可行的。     

无网格伽辽金法(EFGM)模拟不连续面

无网格伽辽金法（ＥＦＧＭ）是最近出现的一种新的数值方法。该法只需节点信息,不需将节点连成单元;此外,还有精度高、后处理方便等优点。本文论述如何用该法模拟不连续面,并给出算例。     

A THEORETICAL BASIS FOR THE PRIESTLEY-TAYLOR COEFFICIENT

The relationship between potential evaporation and arealevaporation is assessed using a closed-box model of the convectiveboundary layer (CBL). Potential evaporation is defined as theevaporation that would occur from a hypothetical saturated surface,with radiative properties similar to those of the whole area, and smallenough that the excess moisture flux does not modify thecharacteristics of the CBL. It is shown that the equilibrium rate ofpotential evaporation is given by Ep0=E0,where E0 is the equilibrium evaporation (radiative termof the Penman formula), and is a coefficient similar to thePriestley-Taylor coefficient. Its expression is , where is the areal surface resistance, r_a is the localaerodynamic resistance, and is the dimensionless slope of thesaturation specific humidity at the temperature of the air. Itscalculated value is around 1 for any saturated surface surrounded bywater, about 1.3 for saturated grass surrounded by well-watered grassand can be greater than 3 over saturated forest surrounded by forest.The formulation obtained provides a theoretical basis to the overallmean value of 1.26, empirically found by Priestley and Taylor for thecoefficient . Examining, at the light of this formulation, thecomplementary relationship between potential and actual evaporation(as proposed by Bouchet and Morton), it appears that the sum ofthese two magnitudes is not a constant at equilibrium, but depends onthe value of the areal surface resistance.     

贵州省未来气候变化(2018—2050年)预估分析

针对贵州省年平均降水量,年平均气温,年平均最高气温和年平均最低气温四个特征量,从空间分布上的定性比较,从年际、年代际的时间演变比较以及从泰勒图的定量比较来看,RegCM4模式的模拟效果优于CMIP5模式,因此本研究在RCP4.5排放情景下利用RegCM4模式数据预估未来2018—2050年贵州省年平均降水量,年平均气温,年平均最高气温和年平均最低气温。结果表明:21世纪Ⅰ阶段(2018—2028年)相对于基准期年平均降水在全省大部地区均是偏少的,偏少幅度在8.5%以内,其中贵州省北部地区偏少幅度最大;21世纪Ⅱ阶段(2029—2039年)相对于基准期贵州省中西部降水偏少东部降水偏多,变化幅度基本上在7%以内;21世纪Ⅲ阶段(2040—2050年)相对于基准期贵州省南部和东部降水偏少西北部降水偏多,变化幅度基本上在7.5%以内。贵州省21世纪Ⅰ阶段、Ⅱ阶段、Ⅲ阶段年平均气温、年平均最高气温和年平均最低气温相对于基准期均是偏暖的,偏暖幅度在0.6～1.3℃之间,越到后期,偏暖幅度越大,且空间差异不大。     

A space-time discontinuous Galerkin method applied to single-phase flow in porous media

A space-time discontinuous Galerkin finite element method is proposed and applied to a convection-dominant single-phase flow problem in porous media. The numerical scheme is based on a coupled space-time finite element discretization allowing for discontinuous approximations in space and in time. The continuities on the element interfaces are weakly enforced by the flux treatments, so that no extra penalty factor has to be determined. The resulting space-time formulation possesses the advantage of capturing the steep concentration front with sharp gradients efficiently. The stability and reliability of the proposed approach is demonstrated by numerical experiments. The author is grateful to the DFG (German Science Foundation—Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) for the financial support under the grant number Di 430/4-2.     

The pulse of citizenship: reflections on Griffith Taylor and ‘nation‐planning‘

This exercise in a type of applied historiography begins by annotating aspects of reform in Western education from the 1880s to the 1930s, an interval which exhibits the responses of ‘new’ subjects to political and social demands for improved civics education, and encompasses the inauguration of a recognisably ‘academic’ geography in Australia. Designedly, since the nominated period also incorporates the early life and career of pioneering geographer Griffith Taylor, the discussion probes beneath the strata of obfuscatory generalisation to relate one individual's engagement with the vortex of change. More specifically, it extracts a few lessons from Taylor's approach to ‘Nation‐Planning’ to suggest an appropriate orientation to current reformism in Australian education. It is argued that, while this trend questions the civic utility of established disciplines, it has been badly served by a disturbing ignorance of the social and intellectual heritage of the subjects under challenge.     

The interaction between multiple high pressure combustion gas jets and water in a water-filled vessel

A static experimental system based on the background of the underwater gun firing process is designed to simulate the expansion of conical-distributed multiple gas jets in a water-filled vessel. The gas is generated from the gunpowder combustion and injected into water through five orifices on a mock bullet. A high-speed digital camera is taken in experiment to record such expansion and the Euler-Euler multiphase model is utilized in simulation to describe the gas-liquid flow. Results show that the contraction of Taylor cavity in liquid and the gas-liquid entrainment both affect the shock structure in gas. The expansion zone near the orifice shrinks and the gas speed downs when the central gas jet has a contraction, but lateral jets have no contractions due to the obstruction from the wall. The contraction has a greater impact on the shock structure than the gas-liquid entrainment and occurs earlier under a higher injection pressure.     

An analytical solution for the local suspended sediment concentration profile in tidal sea region

The time-averaged and oscillatory solutions of the one-dimensional vertical (1DV) advection–diffusion equation for the suspended sediment have been derived analytically in a tidal sea region of finite water depth. The basic equation assumes constant eddy diffusivity and settling velocity. No net flux condition is set at the sea surface, while a boundary condition with the erosion rate and depositional velocity is prescribed at the sea bottom. The time-averaged solution has been derived in a straightforward manner, while the advection–diffusion equation governing the oscillatory concentration has been first transformed to a simple diffusion equation and then solved using the Galerkin-eigenfunction method. The former is given in a closed form, while the latter is presented in a series solution.A set of calculations has been performed to examine the change in the vertical structure as well as magnitude of the concentration response function. A possible use of the solution to make an estimate of the erosion rate at the sea bottom based on the concentration information at the sea surface is discussed.