太湖流域水生态功能分区

水生态功能分区是进行流域现代水资源管理的必然要求,是面向水质目标管理污染控制单元划分的基础。在发生学原则、区内相似性原则以及共轭性原则等相关原则的指导下,采用因素分析法对太湖流域一级水生态功能区进行划分,通过对流域DEM和气候、土壤等相关分区指标的比较分析,认为地形是太湖流域一级水生态功能分区的主导指标,分区结果主要包括西部丘陵水生态区和东部平原水生态区,并对两个一级水生态功能区的特征进行了阐述;在此基础上,对太湖流域水生态功能分区体系即分区等级体系、方法体系和指标体系进行了探讨。     

浅谈利用MapGIS进行图斑属性的录入与检查

从应用角度出发,结合MapGIS软件属性录入功能,以土地调查工作为例,阐述如何利用MapGIS软件录入图斑属性,重点讨论如何对属性录入的过程进行检查,并开发出相应的补充辅助模块.     

Delineation of reservoirs using remote sensing and their storage estimate: an example of the Yellow River basin,China

Reservoirs are an integral component of water resources planning and management. Periodic and accurate assessment of the water storage change in reservoirs is an extraordinarily important aspect for better watershed management and water resources development. In view of the shortcomings of conventional approaches in locating reservoirs' spatial location and quantifying their storage, the remote sensing technique has several advantages, either for a single reservoir or for a group of reservoirs. The satellite‐based remote sensing data, encompassing spatial, spectral and temporal attributes, can provide high‐resolution synoptic and repetitive information with short time intervals on a large scale. Using remote sensing images in conjunction with Google Earth and field check of representative reservoirs, the spatial distribution of constructed reservoirs in the Yellow River basin was delineated, and their storage volume and the residence time of the stored water were estimated. The results showed that 2816 reservoirs were extracted from the images, accounting for 89·5% of the registered total. All large‐ and medium‐sized reservoirs were extracted while small reservoirs may not be extracted due to coarse resolution and cloud‐cover shadows. An empirical relationship between the extracted water surface area and the compiled storage capacity of representative reservoirs was developed. The water storage capacity was estimated to be 66·71 km³, about 92·7% of the total storage capacity reported by the authority. Furthermore, the basin was divided into 10 sub‐basins upon which the water's residence time was analysed. The water discharge in the basin has been greatly regulated. The residence time has surged to 3·97 years in recent years, ranking the Yellow River in the top three of the list in terms of residence time and flow regulation among large river systems in the world. It is expected that it will be further extended in future owing to decreasing water discharge and increasing reservoir storage capacity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The spaces of modernisation: Outcomes, indicators and the local government modernisation agenda

The modernisation of local government has attempted to reinvent central-local government relations by offering freedoms and flexibilities to facilitate the governance of local issues. At the same time, a shift to outcome focussed targets as a new form of governmental rationality allows central government to delimit these opportunities. Drawing on aspects of governmentality and actor-network theory, the paper explores the tensions between these modes of government. It argues that outcome focussed targets circumscribe the limits of local governance by offering a despatialised technology of government. Using a case study of Local Public Service Agreements, the paper highlights the problems 10 English rural local authorities have experienced in their attempts to construct and negotiate a series of local policy targets with central government. The paper shows how the spatial limitations of statistical governance conspire against the construction of targets which reflect local policy priorities. In conclusion we consider the extent to which these limitations are a deliberate act of control and consider the implications for agency within networks of governmentality.     

马氏距离法在东昆仑东段多元异常圈定中的对比试验

马氏距离是一种多元异常识别方法,目前已有多种基于马氏距离的异常识别方法.笔者选择青海省东昆仑东段1∶50万水系沉积物测量数据,对比常规马氏距离、基于最小方差行列式(FMCD)的稳健马氏距离、基于校正的最小方差行列式的稳健马氏距离(Adaptive)和基于协中值的稳健马氏距离(Comedian)4种方法在识别Cu、Co、...     

多宝山矿田铜山铜矿资源潜力及深部勘查方向

目前,多宝山矿田铜山铜矿深部勘查尚面临成矿后断层对矿体的切割和错动等问题,该问题严重制约着对该矿床成因的认识及深部勘查方向的选择。铜山断层是破坏铜山铜矿主矿体的主要成矿后断层,其走向为东西向,倾向南,是沿北东10°～12°方向推覆的一条压性断层。研究表明铜山断层由南向北推移的断距在东部1096勘探线为750m,西部1072勘探线断距则为1060m;由于东、西两端推应力的差异性产生东西方向的水平分力,致使断层上盘由西向东水平位移200～250m。铜山Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ号主矿体均被铜山断层所切断,其中断层上盘Ⅰ号矿体的部分和Ⅲ号矿体的全部因被抬升已被剥蚀,本文重点讨论Ⅰ、Ⅱ号矿体在断层下盘的赋存部位。分析推测表明,铜山 Ⅰx号矿体在断层下盘赋存在1048～1084线,埋深950m以下;Ⅱx号矿体赋存在断层下盘1036～1104线,埋深1150m。通过对铜山断层下盘推测的Ⅰx、Ⅱx矿体和部分已控制的Ⅲ、Ⅴ（Ⅳ）、Ⅵ号矿体进行资源量预测,铜山铜矿总预测资源量约为铜金属390万t,预测深度为1700m。建议铜山铜矿后期勘查工作重点勘查范围界定在1048线至1096线,勘查深度在900～1700m。     

Depression threshold control proxy to improve HEC-HMS modeling of depression-dominated watersheds

ABSTRACT

Many hydrologic models utilize delineation results from traditional methods which create a hydrologically connected drainage system. In depression-dominated areas, topographic characteristics of depressions are vital to modeling unique hydrologic processes associated with puddle-to-puddle (P2P) filling-spilling dynamics. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impacts of the P2P processes and dynamic changes in contributing area on outlet discharge. To do so, an improved HEC-HMS model is developed by incorporating a depression threshold control proxy (DTCP) and an improved conceptual framework. The DTCP uses a storage–discharge function to simulate the P2P dynamics. The improved conceptual framework counteracts the effect of full hydrologic connectivity created by traditional delineation methods by introducing depressional and non-depressional areas to each sub-basin. Application of the improved HEC-HMS model demonstrated that it was capable of accurately simulating outlet discharge and providing the details on surface connectivity and depression storage.     

广东阳江盆地遥感数据地温反演及地热异常靶区圈定

地热能是一种安全、清洁、稳定的可再生能源,广东阳江地区的地热资源开发潜力巨大,但研究程度较低。热红外遥感技术能够高效地圈定地热异常区并对隐伏断裂进行预测,笔者等选取研究区landsat8遥感数据,通过分析地表温度、地热异常点及人类活动的关系,利用大气校正方法对该区潜在的地热异常进行了预测。在排除人为热影响下得到高温地热异常区9处,排除湖泊水域以及海拔的影响下得到低温地热异常区4处。在此基础上,利用地表温度与归一化植被指数计算研究区的温度植被干旱指数值（TVDI）,预测可能存在的隐伏断裂23 处。最后结合岩性、断裂构造有效地圈定了5处地热靶区,主要分布在研究区西南区域和新洲镇附近。研究结果有助于预测阳江地区具有开发前景的地热异常区、识别圈定具有勘探意义的靶区以及预测隐伏断裂,对该区后续地热资源的进一步研究具有重要的意义。     

全国铀矿资源潜力评价预测方法

＂全国铀矿资源潜力评价＂采用矿床模型综合地质信息法在全国各铀矿预测工作区开展潜力评价工作,汇总形成全国铀矿资源潜力定量评价成果。该方法是在典型矿床建模和成矿规律研究总结的基础上,充分利用地质、矿产和物化遥资料信息进行综合预测评价的技术方法体系。文章主要介绍了潜力评价工作在成矿预测阶段所涉及的预测区圈定和资源量估算方法。