The role of visual saliency in the automation of seismic interpretation

In this paper, we propose a workflow based on SalSi for the detection and delineation of geological structures such as salt domes. SalSi is a seismic attribute designed based on the modelling of human visual system that detects the salient features and captures the spatial correlation within seismic volumes for delineating seismic structures. Using this attribute we cannot only highlight the neighbouring regions of salt domes to assist a seismic interpreter but also delineate such structures using a region growing method and post‐processing. The proposed delineation workflow detects the salt‐dome boundary with very good precision and accuracy. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed workflow on a real seismic dataset acquired from the North Sea, F3 block. For the subjective evaluation of the results of different salt‐dome delineation algorithms, we have used a reference salt‐dome boundary interpreted by a geophysicist. For the objective evaluation of results, we have used five different metrics based on pixels, shape, and curvedness to establish the effectiveness of the proposed workflow. The proposed workflow is not only fast but also yields better results as compared with other salt‐dome delineation algorithms and shows a promising potential in seismic interpretation.     

Semi-automated stand delineation in Mediterranean Pinus sylvestris plantations through segmentation of LiDAR data: The influence of pulse density

Traditionally, forest-stand delineation has been assessed based on orthophotography. The application of LiDAR has improved forest management by providing high-spatial-resolution data on the vertical structure of the forest. The aim of this study was to develop and test a semi-automated algorithm for stands delineation in a plantation of Pinus sylvestris L. using LiDAR data. Three specific objectives were evaluated, i) to assess two complementary LiDAR metrics, Assmann dominant height and basal area, for the characterization of the structure of P. sylvestris Mediterranean forests based on object-oriented segmentation, ii) to evaluate the influence of the LiDAR pulse density on forest-stand delineation accuracy, and iii) to investigate the algorithmś effectiveness in the delineation of P. sylvestris stands for map prediction of Assmann dominant height and basal area. Our results show that it is possible to generate accurate P. sylvestris forest-stand segmentations using multiresolution or mean shift segmentation methods, even with low-pulse-density LiDAR − which is an important economic advantage for forest management. However, eCognition multiresolution methods provided better results than the OTB (Orfeo Tool Box) for stand delineation based on dominant height and basal area estimations. Furthermore, the influence of pulse density on the results was not statistically significant in the basal area calculations. However, there was a significant effect of pulse density on Assmann dominant height [F_2,9595 = 5.69, p = 0.003].for low pulse density. We propose that the approach shown here should be considered for stand delineation in other large Pinus plantations in Mediterranean regions with similar characteristics.     

Arc Hydro Tools及多源DEM提取河网与精度分析——以洮儿河流域为例

本文简要分析了HYDRO1K、SRTM3-2、ASTER GDEM 3种数据源基本特征,对数据的水平空间分辨率、现势性、覆盖范围、误差来源进行了比较;阐述了Arc Hydro Tools提取数字河网、划分流域及子流域方法的关键步骤;并以洮儿河流域为研究对象,分析了有(无)河网辅助条件下,3种初始DEM在不同地貌类型中数...     

Interim targets and the climate treaty regime

Abstract

We propose that international climate change policy would be strengthened by the development and adoption of targets for atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases 25–50 years in the future in addition to near- and long-term targets. ‘Interim concentration targets’, which could be accommodated under the current Convention/Protocol framework, would provide several advantages over the current focus on either the short term (e.g. Kyoto Protocol) or the long term (e.g. ultimate stabilization targets). Interim targets would help constrain rates of climate change (which are not sufficiently addressed by short- or long-term targets, even when paired together). They would also provide a means for keeping open the option of achieving a range of long-term goals while uncertainty (and political disagreement) over the appropriate goal is resolved. We substantiate a number of rationales for such an approach, discuss the use of interim targets in other contexts, and illustrate how such targets for climate change policy might be set.     

新地震区划图潜在震源区划分的主要技术特色

简要介绍了新地震区划图潜在震源区划分方案的形成过程,重点分析了潜在震源区三级划分、东西部地区潜在震源区划分技术途径的差异、不同级别活动块体边界带对高震级潜在震源区划分的控制作用、发震构造模型及其在潜在震源区划分中的应用等主要技术特色.共划分出29个地震带、77个地震构造区和1199个潜在震源区.与中国地震动参数区划图(2001)中综合方案相比,东西部地区潜在震源区的个数都有较大的增加,其中东部地区体现在震级上限6.0、6.5和7.0级的中强潜在震源区个数的明显增加,与划分工作中加强了该地区中强地震发震构造的判识研究相关;而西部地区体现在震级上限7.5和8.0级的高震级潜在震源区个数的大幅度增加,与划分工作中注重了活动块体边界带高震级潜在震源区划分,以及强调应用发震构造模型指导潜在震源区划分的技术特色相协调.     

利用宽谱系岩墙群进行靶区定位的数值方法——以新疆南阿拉套山为例

本文介绍一种利用宽谱系岩墙群的空间展布特征进行靶区定位的数值方法.基于透岩浆流体成矿理论,岩浆-屏蔽层强相互作用过程中将涌现最大主压应力分布在竖直方向的近场应力场.在这种条件下,屏蔽层中的裂隙系统不同于传统矿田构造学描述的裂隙系统.依岩浆上升速率及屏蔽层岩石学结构和力学性质变化,屏蔽层中可出现不同类型的同成矿裂隙系统,后者往往被成矿期的脉岩充填.由于应力中心的作用力强度大于远离应力中心的部位,自生长裂隙和先存裂隙的密度呈现规律性的空间变化.这种变化控制了含矿流体的运动学特征.因此,可以将岩墙密度和延伸方向数作为定量化指标揭示含矿流体大规模聚集的空间位置,后者也是成矿作用的潜在发生部位.用滑动平均法绘制岩墙分布密度图和岩墙延伸方向密度图,将极密区作为有利找矿靶区,分析结果与地质学方法的预测结果高度相似.因此,可以认为本文提供的靶区圈定方法是一种简便有效的方法.     

岩体结构均质区划分法的适用性研究

岩体结构均质区划分是结构面统计与建模的基础。实践中以主控要素作指标、以最优划法为依据,更易获客观真实划分结果。针对国内核废料处置库北山预选区岩体结构面,开展了测窗范围截取、取样偏差及块网变异修正前处理,编程实现了多种方法下的均质区划分,初步探究各法在北山的判别力、适用性、局限性。结果表明：针对北山预选区而言,关联系数法和Mahtab法适用性较弱,Miller法最强;而Miller法中又以“34格大面积块”的划分效果最佳。将此最优划法应用至北山芨芨槽块段,希望能给结构面网络建模及后续渗流计算提供有益参考。     

利用数字图像相关方法实现高速相机序列影像运动目标的快速跟踪

以数字图像相关方法为核心设计了一套应用于高速相机序列影像运动目标的跟踪方案,该方案首先在基准窗口周围以局域搜索方法获取目标点的整像素位移值,然后联合使用梯度算法和最小二乘算法估计目标点的亚像素位移值,从而获得目标点的像素坐标,实现对目标点的自动跟踪。本文应用该技术方案处理了构筑物振动台实验的高速相机视频测量影像数据,与商用软件PhotoModeler Scanner 相比,跟踪结果具有同等精度,在计算速度上有优势。     

特征分析法运用在福建毛洋头铀矿田的靶区圈定及优选

以深入分析福建省毛洋头铀矿田成矿特征为前提,以总结、收集、处理研究区内地质、矿产、遥感等多源信息为手段,借助MRAS技术平台,采用人机互动式的特征分析方法,对该矿田的铀矿资源进行了定位预测与评价,初圈靶区16片,并最终优选出8片.该预测结果对本区下一步火山岩型铀矿的勘查布置及找矿工作具有积极的指导意义.