基于无人机影像的无瓣海桑单木提取与地上生物量估算

无瓣海桑(Sonneratia apetala)是中国红树林恢复种植最早引进的优质红树树种,其生产力在红树林群落中处于较高水平,具有显著的高生物量和能量积累。然而,由于红树林群落冠层密集、结构复杂,精确描绘无瓣海桑的单木树冠存在极大挑战性。传统的卫星遥感侧重于区域或更大尺度监测需求,而新兴的低空无人机遥感在更精细尺度的红树林生态监测中具有显著优势。以广东省珠海市淇澳岛红树林自然保护区为研究区,利用消费级无人机影像生成的冠层高度模型(Canopy Height Model, CHM)和种子区域生长(Seed Region Growing, SRG)算法进行无瓣海桑单木树冠提取,并建立基于地面调查数据获取的树高和胸径两者之间的回归关系,以优化无瓣海桑地上生物量异速生长方程,进而实现研究区单木尺度的无瓣海桑地上生物量估算。结果表明：基于无人机影像可以有效提取无瓣海桑单木树冠,其提取精度达到67%;验证了树高和胸径之间较高的相关性,提出了基于树高的无瓣海桑地上生物量异速生长方程;研究区无瓣海桑平均地上生物量的范围为2.99～247.24 t/hm²,平均值为92.14 t...     

融合多源数字信息的流域水系提取方法研究

由于DEM数据不包括河流、湖泊(水库)及流域边界和堤坝等信息,因此常规仅依靠DEM提取水系的方法不能反映平坦区域及受人类影响强烈区域水系的真实特征。该文建立了融合DEM、河流、湖泊水库、流域边界和堤坝等多源数字信息的流域水系提取方法,对多源信息进行栅格化,采用所提出的高程-距离函数对DEM进行校正,使得提取的数字水系与实际水系精确拟合。将该方法应用于山区太湖西苕溪流域老石坎水库及其上游集水区和平原丘陵分布区的淮河史灌河蒋家集站、梅山、鲇鱼山水库区间流域,提取的河网结构与地图信息拟合较好。     

Water resources optimization and eco-environmental protection in Qaidam Basin

During the development of Qaidam Basin, which is an arid area in Northwest China, rational water resources utilization and optimization are primal prerequisites, and the main restrictive factors include the following facts: scarcy water resources are non-substitutional and uneven distributed in time and space. Based on the essential principle of sustainable development, this paper adopts Multiple Targets Decision by the Closest Value Model, and succeeds in getting the best plan, which can o…     

A one‐dimensional process‐based approach to study reservoir sediment dynamics during management operations

A comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of erosion and sedimentation in reservoirs under different management conditions is required to anticipate sedimentation issues and implement effective sediment management strategies. This paper describes a unique approach combining fluvial geomorphology tools and morphodynamic modeling for analyzing the sediment dynamics of an elongated hydropower reservoir subjected to management operations: the Génissiat Reservoir on the Rhône River. Functional sub‐reaches representative of the reservoir morphodynamics were delineated by adapting natural river segmentation methods to elongated reservoirs. The segmentation revealed the link between the spatial and temporal reservoir changes and the variability of longitudinal flow conditions during reservoir management operations. An innovative modeling strategy, incorporating the reservoir segmentation into two sediment transport codes, was implemented to simulate the dynamics of erosion and sedimentation at the reach scale during historic events. One code used a bedload approach, based on the Exner equation with a transport capacity formula, and the other used a suspended load approach based on the advection–dispersion equation. This strategy provided a fair quantification of the dynamics of erosion and sedimentation at the reach scale during different management operations. This study showed that the reservoir morphodynamics is controlled by bedload transport in upper reaches, graded suspended load transport of sand in middle reaches and suspended load transport of fine sediments in lower reaches. Eventually, it allowed a better understanding of the impact of dam management on sediment dynamics. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

西藏罗布莎铬铁矿床的进一步找矿意见和建议

根据罗布莎铬铁矿工业矿体主要产于蛇绿岩壳-幔边界（即岩石莫霍面）以下的一定层位、一定岩相构造带内及其显示的矿带分布规律,认为当前找矿的首要目标在于牢牢把握矿带这个大方向。鉴于以往找矿勘探主要限于地表和浅部"就矿找矿"的找矿方法,进一步加大矿带中深部中下矿段隐伏矿体的找矿力度乃是当务之急。对各区段提出了不同的找矿任务和靶区选择的意见,并预测该区（包括罗布莎、香卡山和康金拉3个矿区）铬铁矿远景规模有望大大提升现有储量规模的等级。     

CryoSheds: a GIS modeling framework for delineating land-ice watersheds for the Greenland Ice Sheet

Choice of watershed delineation technique is an important source of uncertainty for cryo-hydrologic studies of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS), with different methods yielding different watersheds for a common pour point. First, this paper explores this uncertainty for the Akuliarusiarsuup Kuua River Northern Tributary, Western Greenland. Next, a standardized, semi-automated modeling framework for generating land-ice watersheds for GrIS land-terminating ice (henceforth referred to as CryoSheds) using geographic information systems (GIS) hydrologic modeling tools is presented. The framework uses ArcGIS and the ArcPy geoprocessing library to delineate two types of land-ice watersheds, namely those defined by: (1) a hydraulic pressure potential with varying water to ice overburden pressure ratios (k-value), which determines theoretical flow paths from the hydrostatic equation, using surface and bedrock digital elevation models (DEMs) and (2) a surface topography DEM alone. Lastly, a demonstration of the CryoSheds method is presented for seven remotely sensed proglacial pour points along the Aussivigssuit River (AR), Western Greenland, and its largest tributaries. GrIS meltwater runoff from these seven nested land-ice watersheds is estimated using Modele Atmospherique Regional (MAR) v.3.2 and runoff uncertainties due to watershed delineation parameter selection is estimated.     

The role of visual saliency in the automation of seismic interpretation

In this paper, we propose a workflow based on SalSi for the detection and delineation of geological structures such as salt domes. SalSi is a seismic attribute designed based on the modelling of human visual system that detects the salient features and captures the spatial correlation within seismic volumes for delineating seismic structures. Using this attribute we cannot only highlight the neighbouring regions of salt domes to assist a seismic interpreter but also delineate such structures using a region growing method and post‐processing. The proposed delineation workflow detects the salt‐dome boundary with very good precision and accuracy. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed workflow on a real seismic dataset acquired from the North Sea, F3 block. For the subjective evaluation of the results of different salt‐dome delineation algorithms, we have used a reference salt‐dome boundary interpreted by a geophysicist. For the objective evaluation of results, we have used five different metrics based on pixels, shape, and curvedness to establish the effectiveness of the proposed workflow. The proposed workflow is not only fast but also yields better results as compared with other salt‐dome delineation algorithms and shows a promising potential in seismic interpretation.     

Arc Hydro Tools及多源DEM提取河网与精度分析——以洮儿河流域为例

本文简要分析了HYDRO1K、SRTM3-2、ASTER GDEM 3种数据源基本特征,对数据的水平空间分辨率、现势性、覆盖范围、误差来源进行了比较;阐述了Arc Hydro Tools提取数字河网、划分流域及子流域方法的关键步骤;并以洮儿河流域为研究对象,分析了有(无)河网辅助条件下,3种初始DEM在不同地貌类型中数...