构造-岩浆作用对热液活动的控制机理: 马努斯海盆为例

综述了马努斯海盆热液区构造特征、基底差异, 结合马努斯海盆热液区热液活动与构造-岩浆特征, 探讨了二者的耦合关系, 以及构造-岩浆作用对热液活动的影响和控制。马努斯海盆位于西南太平洋俾斯麦海的东北部, 是世界上扩张速度最快的海盆之一。马努斯海盆西部(马努斯扩张中心, Manus Spreading Center, MSC)主要由海盆扩张成熟期产生的大洋中脊玄武岩组成, 属于成熟弧后扩张中心,发育Vienna Woods热液区; 海盆东部(东南裂谷, Southeast Rift, SER)则是一个拉张裂谷, 处于扩张的早期阶段, 属于不成熟弧后扩张中心, 发育PACMANUS、DESMOS、SuSu Knolls三大热液区。MSC与大洋中脊的热液活动相似, 而SER因受到火山、俯冲作用影响更为显著, 其热液流体具有岩浆流体和俯冲流体的特征。与Vienna Woods热液压相比, PACMANUS、DESMOS以及SuSu Knolls三个热液区的水深相对较浅(1 150～1 740 m), 是地球内部热物质由内向外迁移的结果, 其下部岩浆作用强烈。此外,岩浆脱气作用和数值模拟结果表明, PACMANUS热液系统中具有岩浆流体的输入。与Vienna Woods热液区相比, PACMANUS、DESMOS、SuSu Knolls热液区的热液活动强度及流体组成主要受控于岩浆作用。     

海上某油田防膨剂的筛选与评价

针对海上油田储层特点筛选黏土防膨剂,对控制储层水敏伤害和保障整个油田的持续高效开发有非常重要的意义。综合多种防膨剂评价方法的长处,采用静态与动态相结合的实验评价方法,筛选了适用于海上某油田注水开发的黏土防膨剂。对于优选出质量分数为1％的FP一3A黏土防膨剂,静态评价离心法防膨率为79．1％,X．射线衍射法防膨率为54．6％,膨胀仪法防膨率为80．7％,岩心线性膨胀率为0．73％,每100g静态吸附量0．29g;动态评价渗透率保留率大于70％,最佳注入浓度0．5％～1．0％,且渗透率波动范围小,防膨效果稳定且作用时间长,适于海上某油田注水开发应用。     

Simulation of paleotectonic stress fields and quantitative prediction of multi-period fractures in shale reservoirs: A case study of the Niutitang Formation in the Lower Cambrian in the Cen'gong block,South China

Reservoirs where tectonic fractures significantly impact fluid flow are widespread. Industrial-level shale gas production has been established from the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in the Cen'gong block, South China; the practice of exploration and development of shale gas in the Cen'gong block shows that the abundance of gas in different layers and wells is closely related to the degree of development of fractures. In this study, the data obtained from outcrop, cores, and logs were used to determine the developmental characteristics of such tectonic fractures. By doing an analysis of structural evolution, acoustic emission, burial history, logging evaluation, seismic inversion, and rock mechanics tests, 3-D heterogeneous geomechanical models were established by using a finite element method (FEM) stress analysis approach to simulate paleotectonic stress fields during the Late Hercynian—Early Indo-Chinese and Middle-Late Yanshanian periods. The effects of faulting, folding, and variations of mechanical parameters on the development of fractures could then be identified. A fracture density calculation model was established to determine the quantitative development of fractures in different stages and layers. Favorable areas for shale gas exploration were determined by examining the relationship between fracture density and gas content of three wells. The simulation results indicate the magnitude of minimum principal stress during the Late Hercynian — Early Indo-Chinese period within the Cen'gong block is −100 ∼ −110 MPa with a direction of SE-NW (140°–320°), and the magnitude of the maximum principal stress during the Middle-Late Yanshanian period within the Cen'gong block is 150–170 MPa with a direction of NNW-SSE (345°–165°). During the Late Hercynian — Early Indo-Chinese period, the mechanical parameters and faults play an important role in the development of fractures, and fractures at the downthrown side of the fault are more developed than those at the uplifted side; folding plays an important role in the development of fractures in the Middle-Late Yanshanian period, and faulting is a secondary control. This 3-D heterogeneous geomechanical modelling method and fracture density calculation modelling are not only significant for prediction of shale fractures in complex structural areas, but also have a practical significance for the prediction of other reservoir fractures.     

浮托安装进船过程中护舷碰撞力实测研究

浮托安装法广泛应用于大型组块海上安装。导管架平台上部组块浮托安装进船过程中,风、浪、流引起的浮托驳船横向运动造成浮托驳船与导管架桩腿的碰撞,碰撞力可能会对导管架结构造成损伤。陆丰7-2上部组块浮托安装中,为了监测碰撞力大小,设计了碰撞力海上监测系统。通过在导管架外侧四个桩腿上安装光纤光栅应变传感器对碰撞过程中导管架桩腿进行应力监测,进而计算碰撞力。对碰撞过程,载荷作用位置、方向进行简化,并对载荷大小及垂向作用位置对计算的影响进行了研究。结构分析模型简化后,测点von-Mises应力与碰撞力大小成正比,对导管架整体结构建模计算并取局部结构计算比例系数,结合应力实测数据计算出进船过程中驳船对导管架桩腿碰撞力。     

围海造陆工程泄水口悬浮物扩散规律分析

掌握围海造陆工程泄水口悬浮物扩散规律,对保护海洋水环境质量具有重要意义。选取围海造陆工程泄水口为研究对象,基于泥沙对流扩散方程,推求出泄水口悬浮物扩散平面二维分析解表达式。开展现场观测,确定泄水口源强取值,并对泄水口悬浮物扩散进行理论计算和分析。研究结果显示,围海造陆工程施工后期,泄水口悬浮物流失非常严重。泄水口附近水域出现的最大悬浮物浓度主要由源强的大小来决定,悬浮物扩散范围主要由流速的大小来控制。     

西湖凹陷孔雀亭气田成藏主控因素

综合运用地质、钻井、生物标志物、碳同位素、储层流体包裹体等资料,在油气分布特征和来源分析的基础上,探讨了控制西湖凹陷孔雀亭气田油气成藏及富集的主要因素。研究结果表明,孔雀亭气田油气主要分布在始新统平湖组储层内,具有"上油下气"的纵向分布特征,以断块型凝析气藏为主,原油及天然气来源于自身和西部次洼平湖组源岩联合供烃。孔雀亭气田油气成藏及富集主要受断层封堵性、砂体厚度和储层物性及流体充注历史的联合控制,断层封堵性控制了油气藏的含油气性,砂体厚度和储层物性制约了油气层厚度和含油气饱和度,流体充注历史决定了油气藏的现今赋存相态。     

Evaluation of Effective Depth of PVD Improvement in Soft Clay Deposit: A Field Case Study

This article presents a case history of determination of effective depth of prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) under embankment loading on a very soft clay deposit in central China, near Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province. The height of the embankment was 5.3 m and construction time was about one year. The PVDs were installed to a depth of 8.5 m at a spacing of 1.5 m in a triangular pattern. Field observations and the finite element method (FEM) were employed to analyze the performance of the soft deposit during embankment construction. The influential depth of the embankment loading was evaluated based on settlement, excess pore pressure, and stress increase in subsoil, both from the observed data and FEM analysis. The effective PVD depth was determined in the following ways: (1) the depth of 5% subsoil settlement of surface settlement; (2) vertical stress increase in subsoil of 25% in-situ stress; and (3) consolidation time/PVD depth relation by FEM. Based on the analysis, the effective depth of PVDs was determined to be between 10 and 12.8 m for this field case.     

盆地地热场模拟在地热资源勘探中的应用

地热资源是一种新型无污染能源,具有极高的开采价值,已经受到世界各国的关注.盆地因其特殊的地质条件,内部往往蕴涵着丰富的地热资源,且具有易开采、利用的特点.但目前地热资源勘探的手段和研究方法单一,制约着地热资源的开采与开发.而盆地地热场模拟技术已经较为成熟,并在油气成藏模拟中广泛应用.我们可以在已有的技术手段下结合盆地地热模拟技术来提高勘探的精度.本文还探讨了以地温控制方程与地下热水水流方程相结合来建立模型,模拟盆地地热资源.     

Winkler地基梁在温度场中受简谐激励的1/3次亚谐共振分析

研究W inkler地基梁在温度场中受简谐激励作用的1/3次亚谐共振问题。应用弹性理论和Galerk in方法建立W inkler地基梁在温度场中受简谐激励作用的非线性动力方程,根据非线性振动的多尺度法求得系统满足1/3次亚谐共振情况的一次近似解,并对其进行数值计算,分析了温度、调谐值、激励、阻尼、地基刚度等参数对系统的影响。