明清时期南阳盆地城(集)镇职能组合结构探析

明清时期,南阳盆地由于人口的增长、农业经济和交通的发展,城(集)镇经济也逐步发展和繁荣起来,不同类型的城(集)镇职能组合结构开始形成。在原有的以政治、军事职能为主的城(集)镇基础上,出现了一批手工业集镇、商业集镇和交通集镇。其城(集)镇功能的消长表现在:以政治、军事职能为主的城(集)镇发展相对缓慢,以经济、商业职能为主的集镇得到迅速发展,商业集镇数量增加、人口增长、规模扩大、开市日期增多、集市广设店铺,出现了繁盛的局面。     

Structural evolution of the Orange Basin gravity-driven system,offshore Namibia

The Orange Basin records the development of the Late Jurassic to present day volcanic-rifted passive margin of Namibia. Regional extension is recorded by a Late Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous Syn-rift Megasequence, which is separated from a Cretaceous to present day post-rift Megasequence by the Late Hauterivian (ca. 130 Ma) break-up unconformity. The Late Cretaceous Post-rift evolution of the basin is characterized by episodic gravitational collapse of the margin. Gravitational collapse is recorded as a series of shale-detached gravity slide systems, consisting of an up-dip extensional domain that is linked to a down-dip zone of contraction domain along a thin basal detachment of Turonian age. The extensional domain is characterized by basinward-dipping listric faults that sole into the basal detachment. The contractional domain consists of landward-dipping listric faults and strongly asymmetric basinward-verging thrust-related folds. Growth stratal patterns suggest that the gravitational collapse of the margin was short-lived, spanning from the Coniacian (ca. 90 Ma) to the Santonian (ca. 83 Ma). Structural restorations of the main gravity-driven system show a lack of balance between up-dip extension (24 km) and down-dip shortening (16 km). Gravity sliding in the Namibian margin is interpreted to have occurred as a series of episodic short-lived gravity sliding between the Cenomanian (ca. 100 Ma) and the Campanian (ca. 80 Ma). Gravity sliding and spreading are interpreted to be the result of episodic cratonic uplift combined with differential thermal subsidence. Sliding may have also been favoured by the presence of an efficient detachment layer in Turonian source rocks.     

潮水盆地阿右旗坳陷构造特征及其演化

潮水盆地是印支运动后在阿拉善地块之上发育形成的中、新生代断拗山间盆地,其经历了早、中侏罗世断陷、晚侏罗世坳陷及以后的改造3大阶段。位于盆地西北部的阿右旗坳陷是其重要的次级构造单元,由于控制坳陷展布的断层有正断层、逆冲断层和反转断层等,故分为5块主要的次级构造单元断块。不同时代的坳陷在空间上存在翘倾叠合、叠合保存、部分叠合改造等干涉方式。研究阿右旗坳陷构造特征对该处矿产资源的开发有重要意义。     

宁芜盆地吉山铁矿床辉长闪长玢岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

吉山铁矿床是宁芜火山岩盆地中的重要矿床,矿体主要产于辉长闪长玢岩体内。对吉山辉长闪长玢岩体运用SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年技术进行年龄测试,结果为(130.0±1.0) Ma,代表成岩年龄。结合地质事实与前人研究成果,推测吉山铁矿床的成矿时间约为130 Ma或稍后。年代学研究中出现的年龄值(1885±14) Ma,与扬子克拉通的基底年龄值相吻合,暗示宁芜地区可能存在古元古代基底。吉山辉长闪长玢岩成岩及玢岩型铁矿床成矿作用所对应的地球动力学背景为中生代发生的中国东部岩石圈大规模减薄事件。     

渤海湾盆地深部有利储层发育的主控因素

本文主要从沉积、成岩方面及与之相关的因素来分析渤海湾盆地深部有利储层发育的主控因素。研究认为,除了沉积作用外,低地温梯度、高沉积速率、高加热速率、高生烃强度和异常压力等因素影响了成岩作用的进程和强度,对深部储层原生孔隙的保存和次生孔隙的形成产生积极的作用,造成了中部黄骅坳陷深层相对高孔高渗储层发育层段多,物性好,而东部辽河坳陷次之,西部冀中坳陷最差。     

柴达木盆地西北部第三系层序地层特征及可地浸砂岩型铀矿找矿方向

运用层序地层学理论和工作方法,对柴达木盆地西北部第三地层进行了详细研究,识别出４个层序。在层序体系域、沉积体系研究的基础上,分析了层序与铀成矿的关系,进而指出寻找层间氧化带可地浸砂岩型铀矿产出的有利层位和有利地区,为今后该地区铀矿找矿工作指明方向。     

大型敞流坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲与湖盆中心砂体的形成与分布

大型敞流坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲及湖盆中心砂体已成为中国陆相盆地岩性油气藏最重要的勘探目标。通过对现代典型湖盆浅水三角洲的深入分析,结合我国中、新生代大型坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲及湖盆中心砂体的地质研究,取得以下主要进展与认识：①在分析浅水三角洲形成地质背景的基础上,按照供源体系、湖水深度及三角洲前缘倾斜坡度将湖盆三角洲分为9种成因结构类型;②建立了毯式浅水曲流河三角洲的沉积模式,指出末端分流河道及末端决口扇是浅水曲流河三角洲的典型微相类型;③分析了浅水三角洲砂体大面积分布的形成条件,指出敞流湖盆是湖盆中心浅水三角洲砂体发育的重要条件,敞流通道对湖盆中心砂体分布有重要控制作用;④湖盆中心发育河流、三角洲、湖流及密度底流砂体等牵引流成因砂体,也发育洪水浊积扇及滑塌浊积扇等重力流成因砂体;⑤大型浅水三角洲体系三级层序界面对岩性（成岩）圈闭的发育有重要控制作用,三角洲平原带层序界面上覆叠置砂体富集岩性油气藏,勘探潜力大。本文研究成果希对坳陷湖盆沉积学研究及岩性油气藏勘探能有推动作用。     

青藏高原北部新生代陆相盆地石油地质条件及勘探前景

青藏高原北部陆相盆地中烃源岩发育层位包括始新统风火山组、渐新统雅西措组和中新统五道梁组。古近系雅西措组烃源岩,特别是灰岩属于中好烃源岩范畴,有机质类型较好,且烃源岩主体处于成熟阶段,是藏北高原新生代陆相盆地主力烃源岩的发育层位。陆相盆地储集岩较发育,储层较丰富,发育层位包括风火山组和雅西措组,其中雅西措组是储层主力分布层位。对测区分析数据表明：通天河盆地具备一定规模的生油岩厚度,而且有机质丰度为沱沱河地区最高,表明其勘探前景较好。     

滇黔桂盆地碎屑物源的变化及其对古特提斯洋演化历史的启示

古特提斯洋的构造与演化过程一直是研究热点,很多学者在其产生、扩张、俯冲及闭合的时间上持有不同观点.本次研究中,运用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年技术对滇黔桂盆地三叠纪罗楼组碎屑锆石、泥盆纪坡松冲组碎屑独居石进行分析测试,同时结合古生代以来碎屑物源的演化历史,以期确定出古特提斯洋开启与闭合的时间.锆石测试结果显示:者...     

Characteristics and petroleum origin of the Carboniferous volcanic rock reservoirs in the Shixi Bulge of Junggar Basin,western China

Shixi Bulge of the central Junggar Basin in western China is a unique region that provides insight into the geological and geochemical characteristics of large-scale petroleum reservoirs in volcanic rocks of the western Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Carboniferous volcanic rocks in the Shixi Bulge mainly consist of striped lava and agglomerate, as well as breccia lava and tight tuff. Volcanic rocks differ in porosity and permeability. Striped lava exhibits the highest porosity (average: 14.2%) but the lowest permeability (average: 0.67 × 10⁻¹⁵ m) among the rock types. Primary gas pores are widely developed and mostly filled. Secondary dissolution pores and fractures are two major reservoir storage spaces. Capillary pressure curves suggest the existence of four pore structure types of reservoir rocks. Several factors, namely, lithology, pore structure, and various diagenesis, govern the physical properties of volcanic rocks. The oil is characterized by a high concentration of tricyclic terpane, a terpane distribution of C₂₃ < C₂₁ > C₂₀, and sterane distributions of C₂₇ < C₂₈ < C₂₉ and C₂₇ > C₂₈ < C₂₉. Oil and gas geochemistry revealed that the oil is a mixture derived primarily from P₂w source rock and secondarily from P₁j source rock in the sag west of Pen-1 Well. The gases are likely gas mixtures of humic and sapropelic organic origins, with the sapropelic gas type dominant in the mixture. The gas mixture is most likely cracked from kerogen rather than oils. The Carboniferous volcanic reservoirs in Shixi Bulge share some unique characteristics that may provide useful insights into the various roles of different volcanic reservoir types in old volcanic provinces. The presence of these reservoirs will undoubtedly encourage future petroleum exploration in volcanic rocks up to the deep parts of sedimentary basins.