遥感技术在亚欧大陆桥(哈密-阿拉山口段)沿线地质灾害调查中的应用研究

利用遥感技术对亚欧大陆桥的新疆哈密—阿拉山口沿线一带的地质灾害类型、特点,发生的地质地貌背景、气候水文环境和激发因素以及分布规律等进行系统的分析,划分了地质灾害类型和组合分区,并提出初步评价和防治建议,为国家和地方防灾、减灾规划提供重要的遥感资料和依据。     

1998年西太平洋地球物理会议--地震预报现状与发展专题概况

介绍了西太平洋地球物理会议概况,特别是地震预报现状和发展专题,包括地震观测台网建设,地震预报方法中存在的问题,对地震现象的新认识与新理论,地震与地下介质的地球物理性质的关系.     

Mantle peridotites from the Western Pacific

We review petrographical and petrological characteristics of mantle peridotite xenoliths from the Western Pacific to construct a petrologic model of the lithospheric mantle beneath the convergent plate boundary. The peridotite varies from highly depleted spinel harzburgite of low-pressure origin at the volcanic front of active arcs (Avacha of Kamchatka arc and Iraya of Luzon–Taiwan arc) to fertile spinel lherzolite of high-pressure origin at the Eurasian continental margin (from Sikhote-Alin through Korea to eastern China) through intermediate lherzolite–harzburgite at backarc side of Japan island arcs. Oxygen fugacity recorded by the peridotite xenoliths decreases from the frontal side of arc to the continental margin. The sub-arc type peridotite is expected to exist beneath the continental margin if accretion of island arc is one of the important processes for continental growth. Its absence suggests replacement by the continental lherzolite at the region of backarc to continental margin. Asthenospheric upwelling beneath the continental region, which has frequently occurred at the Western Pacific, has replaced depleted sub-cratonic peridotite with the fertile spinel lherzolite. Some of these mantle diapirs had opened backarc basins and strongly modified the lithospheric upper mantle by metasomatism and formation of Group II pyroxenites.     

气候平均场上西太平洋副热带高压双脊线过程可能成因的动力诊断分析

利用NCEP-DOE再分析数据集II,诊断分析了气候平均场上6次西太平洋副热带高压双脊线过程,借助一个两层半大气模式,从动力学上初步揭示了西太平洋热带大气准10天振荡（Quasi Ten-day Oscillation,简称QTO）向西北方向传播与季风槽东伸西撤之间的相互作用过程,探讨了气候平均场上西太副高双脊线可能的形成机制。分析表明季风槽准10天东西振荡是气候平均场上西太副高双脊线形成的主要原因,而季风槽东伸西撤与QTO传播密切相关。进一步分析发现,QTO向西北方向传播,东风切变作用于斜压辐散的经向梯度,在对流中心北侧生成正扰动涡度。QTO在季风槽东侧激发的气旋性扰动涡度,诱导季风槽东伸,侵入副高,造成副高外围变形,形成双脊线。因此,形成西太副高双脊线的主要原因之一可能是西太平洋热带大气QTO。尽管季风槽东伸直接引起副高双脊线发生,但是它只不过是受QTO影响的一种表现。本文仅为诊断结果,其结果还有待于模式敏感性试验的验证。     

北京西山东岭台组和髫髻山组火山岩同位素年龄探讨

根据火山岩样品的Rb Sr和Sm Nd同位素分析结果 ,得到北京西山沿河城地区的东岭台组的Rb Sr等时线年龄为 1 31 2Ma ,误差为± 1 2 3Ma ( 95%置信区间 ) ,或± 3 3Ma ( 1σ) ,M S W D 等于 1 4 0 ;很可能属于早白垩世Berri asian阶。北京西山大台 燕翅一带的髫髻山组火山岩受后期蚀变和变质作用的影响 ,其 1 4 6 1 4 8Ma的斜长石40 Ar 3 6Ar年龄值可能仅代表其变质年龄     

Update of likelihood-based ground-motion model selection for seismic hazard analysis in western central Europe

Scherbaum et al. [(2004) Bull Seismolo Soc Am 94(6): 2164–2185] proposed a likelihood-based approach to select and rank ground-motion models for seismic hazard analysis in regions of low-seismicity. The results of their analysis were first used within the PEGASOS project [Abrahamson et al. (2002), In Proceedings of the 12 ECEE, London, 2002, Paper no. 633] so far the only application of a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) in Europe which was based on a SSHAC Level 4 procedure [(Budnitz et al. 1997, Recommendations for PSHA: guidance on uncertainty and use of experts. No. NUREG/CR-6372-V1). The outcome of this project have generated considerable discussion (Klügel 2005, Eng Geol 78:285–307, 2005b) Eng Geol 78: 285–307, (2005c) Eng Geol 82: 79–85 Musson et al. (2005) Eng Geol 82(1): 43–55]; Budnitz et al. (2005), Eng Geol 78(3–4): 285–307], a central part of which is related to the issue of ground-motion model selection and ranking. Since at the time of the study by Scherbaum et al. [(2004.) Bull Seismolo Soc Am 94(6): 2164–2185], only records from one earthquake were available for the study area, here we test the stability of their results using more recent data. Increasing the data set from 12 records of one earthquake in Scherbaum et al. [(2004) Bull Seismolo Soc Am 94(6): 2164–2185] to 61 records of 5 earthquakes, which have mainly occurred since the publication of the original study, does not change the set of the three top-ranked ground-motion models [Abrahamson and Silva (1997) Seismolo Res Latt 68(1): 94–127; Lussou et al. (2001) J Earthquake Eng 5(1):13–33; Berge-Thierry et al. (2003) Bull Seismolog Soc Am 95(2): 377–389. Only for the lower-ranked models do we obtain modifications in the ranking order. Furthermore, the records from the Waldkirch earthquake (Dec, 5th, 2004, M _w = 4.9) enabled us to develop a new stochastic model parameter set for the application of Campbell’s [(2003) Bull Seismolo Soc Am 93(3): 1012–1033] hybrid empirical model to SW Germany and neighbouring regions.     

西准噶尔石炭纪洋中脊俯冲岩浆活动:以玛里雅蛇绿岩为例

玛里雅蛇绿岩位于新疆准噶尔西缘达拉布特断裂东侧的弧前增生楔内,形成于石炭纪,出露岩石类型齐全,其中硅质岩与火山岩相间出露,多表现为非构造接触。地球化学特征表明,它们大致可以分为四个系列:(1)A系列为岛弧英安岩,Th强烈富集,可能有洋壳沉积物参与,高场强元素Nb亏损,与洋壳的俯冲有关;(2)M系列与典型洋中脊玄武岩的稀土元素配分模式一致,不过Ba强烈富集,可能受到俯冲流体的影响;(3)E系列位于地幔序列N-MORB和E-MORB之间,表明它可能是地幔岩浆的混合产物,未受到地幔岩浆源区之外物质的影响;(4)O系列与典型的洋岛玄武岩基本一致,只是Ta、La和Th含量略偏低,但都处于地幔序列范围内,可能与其他岩浆源有轻微的混合。这种岩浆特征与智利洋中脊俯冲环境下所产生的岩浆特征一致;由于西准噶尔晚古生代仍然发生俯冲消减,因此推测玛里雅蛇绿岩可能形成于洋中脊俯冲环境。     

西天山阿吾拉勒一带石炭系岩石地层单位厘定

西天山阿吾拉勒地区石炭系,长期以来许多学者和单位,仅根据区域粗略的对比,将其划归早石炭世阿吾拉勒组（“大哈拉军山组”）。1︰5万区域地质调查证实,阿吾拉勒组可以解体为3部分。下部钙碱性火山岩,全岩Rb-Sr等时线年龄为351Ma;中部碳酸盐岩-碎屑岩,富产早石炭世晚期化石,主要有腕足Gigantopraductus和珊瑚Gangamophyllum vetiforme等;上部碱性双峰式火山岩,全岩Rb-Sr等时线年龄为294~313Ma;确认各套地层间均为角度不整合接触。本文首次根据地层多重划分原则,对本区石炭系岩石地层单位进行了解体和再划分,自下而上建立了三个组,下部为早石炭世大哈拉军山组;中部为早石炭世阿克沙克组,上部为晚石炭世伊什基里克组。     

江南西部雨季降水区域特征及其受热带海洋海表温度异常的影响分析

本文分析了江南西部雨季特征,研究了热带太平洋、印度洋海表温度异常对这一区域雨季降水的影响,并初步分析了其影响因子。结果表明:(1)江南西部雨季开始时间早,持续时间长,是中国梅雨季的一个重要组成部分。它具有明显的年际、年代际变化特征,21世纪后,进入了一个少雨期。(2)前冬热带海洋海温异常是江南西部雨季降水丰枯的一个强信号。即:当赤道中东太平洋海温为正(负)距平、西太平洋及中东太平洋副热带地区为负(正)距平(这种海温异常主模态分别称为正(负)海温异常型),相应地,热带印度洋表现为北正(负)南负(正)的海温反相位型时,江南西部雨季全区降水偏多(少)的可能性大。(3)在正(负)海温异常年,4~6月,赤道印度洋盛行偏东(西)风异常,不易(容易)形成转向北的南风异常,印度季风弱(强);西太平洋近赤道地区为强劲的偏东(西)风异常,其北为反气旋(气旋)性距平环流,导致西太平洋副热带高压位置异常偏西(东),强度偏强(弱)状态,有利于(不利于)江南西部降水发生。(4)在正海温异常年,江南西部水汽主要来源于西太平洋,并在此区域形成水汽辐合,有利于降水;而在负海温异常年,来自两大洋的水汽均通过江南西部地区,此区域成为水汽过渡带,不易形成水汽辐合,降水偏少。