Textual research of 1219 A.D. Guyuan earthquake in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China and discussion on its causative structure

On the basis of textual research on the historical earthquake data and the field investigation of 1219 A.D.Guyuan earthquake,we suggest that there is only one strong earthquake occurred in Guyuan area in 1219 A.D.,instead of two or three strong earthquakes.We further suggest that the earthquake parameters recorded in the present earth-quake catalogs are not definite and should be modified.The occurrence time of this earthquake should be about 11 am,August 7,1219 A.D.and the heavily-damaged area of this earthquake,the VIII intensity area,should be lo-cated among the regions of Guyuan,Pingliang and Longde county cities.The epicenter area should be near Gu-yuan city.The magnitude of this earthquake is about 7 and it has intensity about larger than or equal to IX within the epicenter area.The major axis direction of the heavily-damaged area strikes in north-northwest that is ap-proximately consistent with the strike of the Liupan Shan thrust fault zone.The new tectonic activity of the Liupan Shan thrust fault zone resulted in the M7 Guyuan earthquake in 1219 A.D.     

太行山构造带壳幔结构分段性特征

分别利用纯S波波形反演和T函数法计算了太行山构造带及其邻近地区100km以上的壳幔剪切波速度结构,结果显示太行山构造带在南、中、北段的壳幔结构存在明显差异。南段邢台邯郸地区地壳中比较突出的特点是下地壳存在一个厚度近10km的低速层;中段石家庄—保定地区靠近山脉的各台地壳结构相对比较稳定,越向盆地区发展,结构愈加复杂化;北段到达北京地区,由于该区是太行山与燕山构造带的交汇地区,中下地壳出现薄高低速转换层位,呈现不稳定状态。沿太行山构造带东缘是地震活动带-河北平原地震带,通过对比速度结构与地震空间分布,发现不同区段小震分布特点与地下低速或不稳定结构关系密切。结合该区域上地幔速度结构特征,认为太行山中段与华北地区中新生代以来的岩石圈大规模减薄运动关系密切,而南北两段当前地幔物质比较活跃,构造运动相对更为强烈。     

Dislocation structure of the crust-mantle boundary and low-velocity body within the crust beneath the Dabie Shan collision orogen

The Dabie Shan is located on the eastern side of the Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt, which marks a geological boundary between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze cra- ton. Since the 1980s, the discovery of coesite and mi- crodiamond in the Dabie Shan orogen motivates an extensive interest to the ultra-high pressure (UHP)metamorphism and its exhumation[1,2]. Many results about them were published, which deal with different disciplines, including tectonics, petrology and chro- nology[3?8]. Up to now,…     

西南天山明尧勒背斜的第四纪滑脱褶皱作用

通过对明尧勒活动背斜喀浪勾律克河剖面生长前地层和翼部生长地层几何结构的填图以及变形河流阶地的系统测量,结合磁性地层及释光年代学研究,认为该背斜的滑脱褶皱作用起始于距今约1·6Ma,其总体几何结构形成于褶皱作用的早期,但其生长扩展并不完全遵从自相似性特征。持续的缩短作用部分被褶皱翼部陡倾膝折带的加长所吸收(由此导致背斜波幅的增加),另一部分可能是通过不同时期褶皱翼部不同膝折带组的旋转和迁移来实现的。明尧勒背斜的持续构造抬升是背斜区河流下切形成多级基座阶地的主因。晚第四纪褶皱的生长以背斜的垂直抬升为主,主要集中在北翼近核部,背斜宽度变化不大。背斜不同时期的抬升量和抬升速率均大于其缩短量和缩短速率,表明明尧勒背斜的变形以翼旋转为主(Pobletet al.,1996)。背斜自形成以来缩短速率和抬升速率均有减小的趋势     

Mesozoic fill-sequences in Hefei Basin: Implication for Dabie Orogenesis, central China

A research on the Mesozoic fill-sequences of Hefei basin, located at the north foot of Dabie Mountains, shows two-phase evolution. The first phase, early- to mid-/late-Jurassic, is characterized by terrestrial clastic deposits, with four times of reverse-grading units at least, and forms greatly thick molass reconstruction in the mid-/late-phase, which reflects gradually strong thrusting-orogenesis in the north Dabie and flexural depression in the north foreland of Dabie Mountains. The second phase, late-Jurassic to Cretaceous, includes two-episode rifting processes. The first episode (J₃) shows calc-alkalic and alkali volcanic rocks interstratified pyroclastic rocks, which may reflect upwelling igneous magma from mantle-source due to the Yangtze continent slab breakoff induced by deep subduction process. A suite of lacustrine, fluvial and piemount facies, about 3000 –3500 m in thickness, develops in the second episode (J₃-K₁), which reflects regional extensional setting and intense elevator diversity of mountain-basin in the study area. This research renews and deepens cognition for the Mesozoic Dabie orogenesis     

内蒙古大青山的新生代剥蚀和隆起

内蒙古大青山及其毗邻的呼和浩特断陷盆地是研究剥蚀和地壳均衡隆起的理想地区。本文提供了大青山新生代等高峰顶面和晚第四纪河流阶地拱曲变形的证据 ;依据呼和浩特盆地的地震探测获得的沉积厚度 ,计算出大青山的剥蚀和地壳均衡隆起量 ;提出地壳均衡隆起是大青山晚第三纪以来主要的区域变形机制 ;指出由於地壳均衡隆起 ,剥蚀作用最终只是使大青山高度略微降低 ;同时复原了大青山新生代景观演化历史。本文还讨论了剥蚀和地壳均衡隆起之间的耦合关系以及断裂作用在其中的地位 ,认为大青山新生代景观演化是在剥蚀去荷失去重力平衡和均衡隆起恢复重力平衡的长期自身耦合作用中进行的 ,在此过程中断层的下降盘由主动盘变成被动盘     

龙门山构造带区域稳定性探讨

根据龙门山构造带的地震地质特征、地震活动规律及新构造活动特征,综合分析认为该地区区域稳定性受控于龙门山断裂带。而断裂带又以韧性切变形为主,蠕滑运动为特征,决定该带在相当长的一段时间内,发生强烈地震的可能性不大。     

新疆北天山泥火山固体喷出物特征及成因机制初探

北天山泥火山位于新疆天山北麓山前拗陷带内,均处在背斜褶皱的轴部。在了解泥火山的地质背景、活动现状的基础上,对该区泥火山进行了详细的野外考察,对所采样品进行粒度、显微形貌及成分分析。研究发现:该区域的泥火山样品粒径主要集中在0.3~100μm,平均值相近,分选较差,分布对称性呈极正偏。矿物颗粒以石英、长石为主,基质为黏土矿物,白杨沟和艾其沟样品中均含有铁矿物质。根据上述分析结果对北天山泥火山成因机制进行了初步探讨,认为该区域的泥火山物源相同,泥浆最深来源于下中侏罗统,地层压力以构造活动为主。目前泥火山处于弱活动期,短期内造成较大灾害的可能性很小。     

地壳流变结构控制作用下的龙门山断裂带地震发生机理

青藏高原东缘低地形变速率的龙门山断裂带上相继发生了2008汶川Mw7.9级地震和2013芦山Mw6.6级地震.地震勘探与震源定位结果揭示了龙门山区域地震空间分布特征：纵向上,龙门山断裂带这两次地震主震均发生在龙门山断裂带上地壳的底部（14~19 km）,绝大部分余震均发生在上地壳范围（5~25 km）,而在其中、下地壳深度范围内鲜见余震发生;横向上,地震（Mw>3）在龙门山断裂带青藏高原一侧密集分布且曾有大震发生,而四川盆地地震稀少（Mw>3）.为探讨龙门山断裂带地震发生机理,并解释以上龙门山区域地震空间分布特征,本文建立了龙门山断裂带西南段跨芦山地震震中区域的四种不同流变结构的龙门山断裂带三维岩石圈模型,以地表GPS观测资料为约束边界条件,数值模拟龙门山断裂带岩石圈在数千年以上长期匀速构造挤压作用下的应力积累特征,探讨了地壳分层流变性质对地壳应力积累的影响,分析了该区域地震空间分布与构造应力积累速率的关系.计算结果表明：该区域在数千年的应力积累过程中,脆性上地壳中应力表现近于恒定值的线性增长趋势,龙门山断裂带上地壳底部出现应力集中积累现象,这一应力集中现象可以解释龙门山断裂带汶川地震与芦山地震主震的发生,及其大部分余震在脆性上地壳中的触发;青藏高原一侧上地壳应力积累速率远远高于四川盆地的应力积累速率,这一应力积累分布现象可以解释龙门山区域青藏高原一侧地震密集而四川盆地地震稀少的地震空间分布特征;通过比较不同流变结构模型中的应力积累状态,认为导致这一应力积累空间分布状态的重要控制因素在于青藏高原中、下地壳较低的黏滞系数与四川盆地中、下地壳较高的黏滞系数的差异.在柔性的中、下地壳内,应力增长近于指数形式,稳定状态之后其应力增长速率近于零,构造应力积累难以达到岩石破裂强度,因而鲜见地震发生.地壳各层位的应力增长率差异与地震成层分布的现象共同揭示了龙门山区域岩石圈分层流变结构：脆性上地壳、韧性中、下地壳（青藏高原一侧较弱,四川盆地一侧较强）、韧性岩石圈上地幔.