伊通盆地莫里青断陷双阳组湖泊水下扇沉积特征

本文详细研究了伊通盆地莫里青断陷双阳组沉积类型,并将该区湖泊水下扇的岩相组成划分为5种类型：经典浊积岩相、块状砂岩相、砾质砂岩相、颗粒支撑砾岩相、基质支撑砾岩相;将湖泊水下扇划分为内扇、中扇、外扇三个亚相,对各亚相进一步划分了若干微相。湖泊水下扇沉积为该区地层的主要沉积特征,在垂向上具有进积型和退积型两种类型。     

从济阳坳陷沙一段古盐度的横向变化看古近纪的海侵方向

在济阳坳陷全区层序地层统一精细划分的基础上,利用古盐度指标B/Ga及济阳坳陷层序Ⅳ（层位大致相当于沙二上-沙一中）的湖侵体系域的古盐度对各凹陷进行了横向对比,发现惠民凹陷、东营凹陷的B/Ga比值较低（3.01～4.16）;车镇凹陷较高（4.08～8.26）;沾化凹陷大致为6～6.95,车镇凹陷东部-沾化凹陷是济阳坳陷此期古盐度最大的区域,很可能代表沙一段时期的海侵通道,这为济阳坳陷古近纪存在海侵的推论提供了一个新的证据.     

广西忻城福六浪洼地堵洞成库施工实践

为解决广西忻城县城关镇弄长村一带万余人饮水问题及该岩溶石山区干旱农田引水灌溉问题,在广西忻城县隆光地下河福六浪洼地3号天窗下游钻取了投料孔和帷幕灌浆孔,先在投料孔投放碎石骨料,后在帷幕灌浆孔内灌入水泥砂浆或水泥浆液对先期投放的碎石骨料进行固结,修筑地下堵体防渗帷幕对流经福六浪洼地的隆光地下河管道实施堵截,成功地截住了隆光地下河水向下游排泄量,减少了洼地积水通过天窗、落水洞向下游的渗漏量,增加了天窗向洼地的溢洪量,建成了库容约250万m3的溶洼水库,基本解决了城关镇弄长村一带万余人生活饮水难的问题,提高了该溶洼水库周边、岩溶大石山区干旱农田灌溉水平和改善了当地村民的饮水条件。     

东营凹陷史112区块沙三中亚段深水重力流体系精细刻画及在开发中的意义

深水重力流作为一种重要的、特殊类型的沉积体系,自发现以来就得到了学术界的广泛关注,并在油气勘探中日益受到重视。东营凹陷古近系沙三中段发育深水重力流体系,综合地震、岩心、测录井等资料,对郝家油田史112区块深水重力流体系的沉积类型、特征及在不同层序中的发育演化进行了精细刻画,总结了该区重力流沉积模式,为开发区储层预测提供重要参考。研究表明,本区深水重力流体系发育于三级层序的高位域,从下至上可划分出4个四级层序(SQQ^1-4),主要发育滑塌沉积、碎屑流沉积和浊流沉积3种成因类型,可识别出12种岩相组合。四级层序$\mathrm{SQQ}_{3}^{2}$时期重力流规模较小,$\mathrm{SQQ}_{3}^{3}$时期随着东营三角洲向湖盆中心推进,重力流规模扩大。滑塌沉积主要发育在三角洲前缘或前三角洲斜坡根部,在滑塌沉积前方形成碎屑流沉积,碎屑流向前搬运的过程中,逐渐转化成浊流沉积。三角洲前缘及前三角洲的浊流和碎屑流是开发井区进一步寻找储层的有利部位。     

鄂西岩溶槽谷区洼地的水位响应特征及产流阈值估算

以湖北省兴山县黄粮镇刘家坝和龙湾两处岩溶洼地作为研究对象,利用其降雨、水文和土壤水等监测数据,探讨灌入式补给条件下洼地汇流的水位响应特征和产流特点,并基于降雨量和洼地内明渠流量的关系,采用数学拟合方程,估算两处洼地的降雨产流阈值,进而分析了影响产流阈值的因素。结果表明:降雨强度增大,产流阈值减小;土壤前期含水率越大,越有利于坡面产流;落水洞和岩溶泉水位与降雨有较好的同步响应关系,水位变化曲线随雨强大小分别表现出“陡升陡降”和“缓升缓降”的特点;刘家坝和龙湾洼地的产流阈值分别为7.4 mm和10.6 mm。      

海拉尔—塔木察格盆地中部富油凹陷高含凝灰质碎屑岩储层成因及油气勘探意义

海拉尔—塔木察格盆地中部富油凹陷下白垩统铜钵庙组和南屯组广泛发育高含凝灰质碎屑岩储层,并已于其中获得了工业突破,但对其成因机制认识不清。在岩心、薄片、录井和测井等资料综合研究的基础上,结合大量海拉尔—塔木察格盆地及周边地区的火山事件分析,认为中部富油凹陷发育的高含凝灰质碎屑岩的岩石类型主要包括凝灰质砂岩、凝灰质泥岩、凝灰岩和沉凝灰岩。不同时期、不同凹陷高含凝灰质碎屑岩储层发育特点各异,整体来看从铜钵庙组到南屯组储层中的凝灰质含量越来越低,高含凝灰质碎屑岩储层主要发育在铜钵庙组和南一段沉积时期。高含凝灰质碎屑岩储层中的火山物质并非来源于自身断陷期发生的基性火山活动,而是来自于大兴安岭地区大规模的酸性火山喷发事件。海拉尔—塔木察格盆地高含凝灰质碎屑岩储层的成因机制包括两种类型：一种是同沉积期火山灰直接空降入湖型;另一种是同沉积期火山灰先沉降至陆上经河流搬运后再沉积的水携型。高含凝灰质碎屑岩储层中的火山碎屑物质受有机酸作用易于溶蚀,次生孔隙发育,为深部油气成藏提供了有效储层空间,并且火山喷发活动对优质烃源岩的形成具有促进作用,对于油气勘探具有重要意义。     

VELOCITY CHARACTRISTICS OF SHANXI AND ADJACENT AREA AND ITS TECTONIC SIGNIFICANCE

In order to acquire a better velocity structure of the crustal and uppermost mantle beneath Shanxi area, we obtain the group and phase velocities of Rayleigh wave of the periods 8s to 50s in Shanxi and adjacent area using ambient seismic noise recorded at 216 broad-band stations. All available vertical-component time series for 2014 have been cross-correlated to yield estimates of empirical Rayleigh wave Green's function. Group and phase velocity dispersion curves for Rayleigh wave are measured for each interstation path by applying frequency-time analysis. It describes finer velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle in Shanxi, which reflects the geological structure characteristics at different depths. The resolution is within 50km and the resolution of part periods can reach 40km.The Rayleigh wave group and phase speed maps at short periods(8~18s and 10~22s)show clear correlations with shallow geological structures. Mountain areas on both sides of Shanxi depression zone show apparent high-velocity anomaly, except for low-velocity anomaly in the Taiyuan Basin, Linfen-Yuncheng Basin and Weihe Basin. Especially, the areas of Youyu County-Pianguan County-Kelan County-Shuozhou City and Jingle County-Lishi District of Lüliang City in Lüliang Mountains, and Yu County-Fuping County-Yi County and Yangcheng County-Licheng County in Taihang Mountains, present higher velocity anomaly. In addition, the velocity is lowest in the Weihe Basin, and the amplitude of low velocity decreases gradually from the south to the north of the basins in Shanxi, which probably is related to the process of gradual stretching and development of the Shanxi rift zone from the southwest to the northeast. The obvious velocity difference across the latitude of 38°N exists at 18~30s period of phase and 24~35s period of group velocity maps, which is probably related to the deep and shallow Moho depth variation in the south and north of Shanxi and the suture zone of ancient blocks including "hard" southern block and "soft" northern block. At the same time, the research result of receiver function reveals that partial melting of the lower crust occurs in the northern Taihang Mountains, while the southern section remains stable(Poisson's ratio is above 0.3 in the northern Taihang Mountains and 0.25~0.26 in the southern section). The phase velocity map at 30~50s period clearly shows NW velocity gradient belt, and the low velocity anomaly in the northeast side may be related to Cenozoic volcanism. Meanwhile, the eastern border of Ordos block is the western faults of central basins in Shanxi depression zone. However, some research results indicate that the above border is Lishi Fault in the surface, inferring that the Ordos block shows a shape of wide in the upper and narrow in the lower part from the surface to deep. The Datong volcanic area at 18~45s period of phase and 24~35s period of group velocity maps shows low velocity of trumpet shape from shallow to deep, related to the upwelling of hot material from lower mantle in the Cenozoic causing a large area of intense magmatic activity. It indicates the more specific upwelling channel of Datong volcanoes simultaneously.     

Structural architecture of Neoproterozoic rifting depression groups in the Tarim Basin and their formation dynamics

The Tarim Basin is the largest, oil-bearing, superimposed basin in the northwest of China. The evolution and tectonic properties of the initial Tarim Basin have been hotly disputed and remain enigmatic. The Neoproterozoic basin is covered by a vast desert and a huge-thickness of sedimentary strata, has experienced multiple tectonic movements, had a low signal to noise ratios(SNRs) of deep seismic reflection data, all of which have posed critical obstacles to research. We analysed four field outcrops, 18 wells distributed throughout the basin, 27 reprocessed seismic reflection profiles with higher SNRs across the basin and many ancillary local 2D and 3D profiles and aeromagnetic data. We found about 20 normal fault-controlled rifting depressions of the Cryogenian and Ediacaran scattered throughout the basin, which developed on the Precambrian metamorphic and crystalline basement. The structural framework is clearly different from that of the overlying Phanerozoic. The rifting depressions consist of mainly half grabens, symmetrical troughs and horst-grabens. From the northeast to southwest of the basin,they are divided into three rifting depression groups with the WNW, ENE, and NW-trends that are mainly controlled by normal faults. The maximum thicknesses of the strata are up to 4100 m. From the Cryogenian to Ediacaran, most of the main inherited faults to active and eventually ceased at the end of the Ediacaran or Early Cambrian, while subsidence centres appeared and migrated eastward along the faults. They revealed that the different parts of the Tarim continental block were in NNE-SSWoriented and NNW-SSE-oriented extensional paleo-stress fields(relative to the present) during the Neoproterozoic, and were accompanied by clockwise shearing. According to the analysis of the activities of syn-sedimentary faults, filling sediments,magmatic events, and coordination with aeromagnetic anomalies, the tectonic properties of the fault depressions are different and are primarily continental rifts or intra-continental fault-controlled basins. The rifting phases mainly occurred from 0.8–0.61 Ga.The formation of the rifting depression was associated with the initial opening of the South Altun-West Kunlun Ocean and the South Tianshan Ocean, which were located at the northern and southern margins of the Tarim Block, respectively, in response to the break-up of the Supercontinent Rodinia and the initial opening of the Proto-Tethys Ocean.     

胜利油田博兴洼陷沙三段高青砂岩体沉积模式研究

为了预测砂体分布规律与岩性圈闭有利区带,指导下一步勘探,采用微观组分特征、岩石结构、粒度分布特征和沉积微相分析等方法,分析研究了高青砂岩体的沉积模式。研究表明,高青砂岩体的沉积微相有水下分流河道、河口砂坝、前缘席状砂沉积、砂泥互层沉积、前扇三角洲深水湖泊沉积。砂岩体的沉积模式分为三种：下部（G3）属（扇）三角洲水下部分沉积,中部（G2）属三角洲水下部分沉积,但湖泊中心和沉积中心进一步向南东方向迁移,上部（G1）与中部相似,但水下主分流河道以向南南东方向展布为主。根据高青砂体所处的构造位置及砂体与围岩的相互关系,确定了砂岩体的沉积环境为扇三角洲前缘与前扇三角洲。     

天草凹陷下白垩统烃源岩的地球化学特征与凹陷含油气远景分析

研究了下白垩统巴音戈壁组、苏红图组一段两套烃源岩的地质、地球化学特征以及烃源岩的热演化, 评价了天草凹陷的含油气远景。研究表明,巴音戈壁组烃源岩规模大,有机质丰度高,有机碳平均1.34%,以Ⅱ1型有机质为主,已经历成熟热演化阶段,其质量与二连等盆地相当。天草凹陷总生烃量为18.37×108t, 石油资源量为0.74×108t,发育断鼻、断块与岩性圈闭等构造。圈闭和烃源岩在时空上的匹配较好,表明石油地质条件较好,可作为同规模、低勘探程度的新区凹陷中的首选勘探对象。