费县马头崖地区新太代五台期TTG岩系特征

费县马头崖地区新太古代五台期侵入岩发育广泛 ,为一套石英闪长岩—英云闪长岩—奥长花岗岩—花岗闪长岩的岩石序列组合 (TTG岩系 ) ,在形成时间和空间分布上相对一致 ,为一次岩浆热事件多次活动的产物 ,其成分和结构具有双重演化特征 ,构成一个较完整的岩浆演化序列。依据岩性特点及其演化特征 ,归并为峄山超单元 ,是鲁西地区新太古代的第二套TTG岩系。     

张家口地区桑干杂岩中花岗片麻岩的锆石U-Pb年龄与Hf同位素特征及其对华北克拉通早期演化的制约

冀西北崇礼地区的桑干变质杂岩位于赤城-崇礼断裂以南,怀安杂岩东北侧,主要为一套遭受强烈变质,普遍达到角闪-麻粒岩相的中高级变质岩系。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,花岗闪长质片麻岩的原岩形成年龄为2.54～2.50Ga;富钾的二长花岗质岩浆侵位时代为～2.44Ga;二者都在2.37～2.30Ga经历了一次重要的变质事件。花岗闪长质片麻岩相对较低的εNd(t)值(-1.06),锆石εHf(t)值(平均值为-1.6)以及较老的Hf模式年龄表明其原岩的形成源区含有更古老地壳物质,反映了该区或周围地区可能存在3.0～2.9Ga的基底。二长花岗质片麻岩的地球化学特征(如高SiO2、K、低Mg#等)以及相对较高的εNd(t)值(-0.39～+0.92)和锆石εHf(t)值(+0.11～+1.85)表明其源区含有大量的新生地壳物质,可能为早期TTG质岩石部分熔融的产物。结合前人对华北克拉通中部构造带的研究资料,我们认为～2.44Ga左右富钾质的岩浆活动可能反映了中部构造带局部发生的碰撞后构造背景,而2.37～2.30Ga该地区可能包括整个中部构造带经历了一次变质热事件,与区域广泛的伸展作用相关。     

冀西北晚太古代岩石单元的地质关系: 对早期陆壳形成的指示

冀西北地区出露晚太古代桑干杂岩和崇礼杂岩构成的灰色片麻岩(TTG片麻岩)-麻粒岩地体和红旗营子群角闪岩相变质火山沉积岩系.本文对尚义地区红旗营子群中变质火山岩中的变玄武安山岩(角闪斜长片麻岩)进行了锆石LAMC-ICPMS定年,获得207 Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄2528±12Ma(2σ,MSWD=0.1,n=34),这一年龄代表了该岩石的形成时代.虽然这一年龄非常接近灰色片麻岩的形成时代,野外地质关系指示红旗营子群的形成早于灰色片麻岩及其中的闪长质侵入体.在灰色片麻岩分布区,红旗营子群和一些变质辉长质岩石呈岩片、透镜体或者“岩墙”状分布.变质辉长质透镜体或者“岩墙”状岩片以周边发育串珠状小透镜体,以及不见细粒边部和岩墙“手指”可以与该区分布的早元古代变质基性岩墙相区别.这些变辉长质岩石可能是红旗营子群火山岩系根部或者岩浆房的残留体,也可能部分是更早期地壳的残片.红旗营子群火山岩系的岩石化学特征可以和灰色片麻岩及闪长质片麻岩岩体分别进行对比.地(桑干杂岩和崇礼杂岩)组成了该地区晚太古代大陆二维地壳结构.认识这种地壳结构在空间上的延续性,并识别相关地质单元在时代和物质上的演化关系,可以揭示华北克拉通晚太古代大陆地壳的形成机制.     

Supercontinental cyclicity in the Earth’s evolution

The Earth’s evolution is determined by supercontinental cyclicity with a period of 400 Ma. A supercycle consists of a supercontinental proper and an inter-supercontinental stage, each of which includes two phases, respectively: integration-destruction and fragmentation-convergence. The worldwide analysis of geologic-historic and isotope-geochronologic data supports the existence of such cyclicity. In all, ten supercontinental cycles of supercontinents have been identified; in this case, the most ancient proto-supercontinent was recognized tentatively, Supercontinents identified previously by other researchers fit into this cyclicity. An association between magmatism from mantle plumes and certain phases of supercontinental cyclicity was revealed. Amalgamation and breakup of supercontinents occurred against the background of disymmetry of the Northern and Southern hemispheres of the Earth, which changed its polarity between the cycles.     

华北克拉通太古宙TTG岩石的时空分布、组成特征及形成演化:综述

华北克拉通具有3.8Ga以上的演化历史,TTG是其地质记录的最重要载体。华北克拉通太古宙(特别是中太古代以前)地质演化在很大程度上与TTG岩石密切相关。在华北克拉通,始太古代(3.6~4.0Ga)TTG岩石仅在鞍本地区被发现,但冀东地区已在多种变质碎屑沉积岩中发现大量3.6~3.88Ga碎屑锆石;古太古代(3.2~3.6Ga)TTG岩石在鞍本、冀东、信阳地区被识别出来;中太古代(2.8~3.2Ga)TTG岩石在鞍本、冀东、胶东、鲁山等地存在;可把新太古代(2.5~2.8Ga)进一步划分为早期和晚期两个阶段:新太古代早期(2.6~2.8Ga)TTG岩石已在10余个地区被发现,新太古代晚期(2.5~2.6Ga)TTG岩石几乎在每一个太古宙基底岩石出露区都存在。野外地质、锆石定年、元素地球化学和Nd-Hf同位素组成研究表明,中太古代以前TTG岩石局部存在,主要分布于Wan et al.(2015)所划分的三个古陆块中;新太古代TTG岩石广泛分布,是陆壳增生最重要时期岩浆作用的产物。TTG岩石类型随时代变化,3.1~3.8Ga和2.7~2.9Ga TTG岩石分别主要为奥长花岗岩和英云闪长岩;2.5~2.6Ga期间花岗闪长岩大规模出现,并有壳源花岗岩广泛分布,表明这时陆壳已有相当的成熟度。奥长花岗岩轻重稀土分异程度从弱到强的时间出现在~3.3Ga;2.5~3.3Ga的TTG岩石轻重稀土分异程度变化很大,表明其形成条件存在很大差异。TTG岩石主要为新生地壳,但也有相当部分为壳内再循环产物或形成过程中受到陆壳物质影响。华北克拉通中太古代以前的主要构造机制是板底垫托或地幔翻转作用,新太古代晚期板块构造体制可能已起作用。     

Magma mixing recorded in intermediate rocks associated with high-Mg andesites from the Setouchi volcanic belt, Japan: implications for Archean TTG formation

Calc-alkaline intermediate rocks are spatially and temporally associated with high-Mg andesites (HMAs, Mg#>60) in Middle Miocene Setouchi volcanic belt. The calc-alkaline rocks are characterized by higher Mg# (strongly calc-alkaline trend) than ordinary calc-alkaline rocks at equivalent silica contents. Phenocrysts in the intermediate rocks have petrographical features such as: (1) coexisting reversely and normally zoned orthopyroxene phenocrysts in single rock; (2) sieve type plagioclase in which cores are mantled by higher An%, melt inclusion-rich zone; and (3) reversely zoned amphibole phenocrysts with opacite cores. In addition, mingling textures and magmatic inclusions were observed in some rocks. These petrographic features and the mineral chemistry indicate that magma mixing was the most important process in producing the strongly calc-alkaline rocks. The core composition of normally zoned orthopyroxene phenocrysts and the mantle composition of reversely zoned orthopyroxene phenocrysts have relatively high Mg# (85–90) in maximum. Although basaltic and high-Mg andesitic magmas are candidate as possible mafic end-member magmas, basaltic magma is excluded in terms of phenocryst assemblage and bulk composition. HMA magmas are suitable mafic end-member magmas that precipitated high Mg# (90) orthopyroxene, whereas andesitic to dacitic magma are suitable felsic end-members. In contrast, it is difficult to produce the strongly calc-alkaline trend through fractional crystallization from a HMA magma, because it would require removal of plagioclase together with mafic minerals from the early stage of crystallization, whereas the precipitation of plagiolase is suppressed due to the high water content of HMA magmas. These results imply that Archean Mg#-rich TTGs (>45–55), which are an analog of the strongly calc-alkaline rocks in terms of chemistry and magma genesis, can be derived from magma mixing in which a HMA magma is the mafic end-member magma, rather than by fractional crystallization from a HMA magma.     

太古宙长英质片麻岩区地质调查研究中存在的一些问题和建议

长英质片麻岩是太古宙变质杂岩区最主要的岩石类型。对其成因和机理的研究不仅对探索地壳早期演化有重要的理论意义，也直接关系到中深变质岩区地质调查工作的质量和找矿方向的确定。中高级变质岩区进行地质调查和研究工作要进行典型解剖。要特别注意不同成因长英质片麻岩之间和它们与其他围岩之间接触关系的研究。要加强对长英质片麻岩中原生结构、包体、副矿物(特别是锆石)和地球化学的研究。当长英质片麻岩的成因不能确定时，应以XX片麻岩命名，可作为填图单位，但不要赋予成因含义。在中深变质的副片麻岩区填图时，应识别和划分出混合岩带。     

佛坪地区片麻岩套地质特征

龙草坪片麻岩出露于南秦岭中带东西秦岭转换部位，具有非常重要的地质意义。通过对其地质特征、岩石学特征、地球化学特征的讨论，初步认为是一套古老的（晚太古代）偏基性TTG岩套。     

Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic granitoids marginal to the Jeceaba-Bom Sucesso lineament (SE border of the southern São Francisco craton): Genesis and tectonic evolution

The sialic crust of the southern São Francisco craton along the Jeceaba-Bom Sucesso lineament, central-southern part of Minas Gerais (Brazil), encompasses, among other rock types, Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic granitoids. These granitoids, according to their petrographic, lithogeochemical and geochronologic characteristics, were grouped into two Neoarchean suites (Samambaia-Bom Sucesso and Salto Paraopeba-Babilônia) and three Paleoproterozoic suites (Cassiterita-Tabuões, Ritápolis and São Tiago). Varied processes and tectonic environments were involved in the genesis of these suites. In particular, the lithogeochemistry of the (Archean and Paleoproterozoic) TTG-type granitoids indicates an origin by partial melting of hydrated basaltic crust in a subduction environment. In the Neoarchean, between 2780 and 2703 Ma, a dominant TTG granitoid genesis related to an active continental margin was followed by another granite genesis related to crustal anatexis processes at 2612–2550 Ma. In the Paleoproterozoic, the generation of TTG and granites s.s. occurred at three distinct times: 2162, 2127 and 1887 Ma. This fact, plus the rock-type diversity produced by this granite genesis, indicates that the continental margin of the southern portion of the São Francisco craton was affected by more than one consumption episode of oceanic crust, involving different island arc segments, and the late Neoarchean consolidate continent. A Paleoproterozoic tectonic evolution in three stages is proposed in this work.     

广东从化石岭方钠石正长岩特征及其起源

广东省从化市石岭方钠石正长岩是南岭地区已知惟一的早白垩世硅酸不饱和碱性岩。岩石由方钠石、霞石、钙-钠角闪石、霓石-普通辉石、铁黑云母和条纹长石组成,不含独立相斜长石,是一种超溶线碱性正长岩,侵入于佛冈黑云母花岗岩中(γ_5~(2(3))),侵位年龄为144.9±5.7Ma(Rb-Sr矿物-全岩等时线)。岩石富含大离子亲石元素Rb,高场强元素REE、Nb、Ta、Zr、U、Th和挥发组分Cl(4355×10~(-6)～6525×10~(-6))、F(2415×10~(-6)～3525×10~(-6))等。在原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图上显示Sr、Ba、P、Ti强烈亏损,而Nb、Ta、Zr、Ce强烈富集的特征,具有A型岩套中A_1亚型岩石的微量元素特征。在(Na_2O+K_2O)-SiO_2,(FeO~*/MgO)-SiO_2,(Zr+Nb+Ce+Y)-FeO~*/MgO和(Zr+Nb+Ce+Y)-(Na_2O+K_2O)/CaO等图解中均落入A型岩套分布区。在Y/Nb-Yb/Ta,Y/Nb-Ce/Nb,Nb-Y-Ce和Nb-Y-3Ga图解中均落入A_1亚型区域,并具有OIB亲缘性,表明是深部幔源成因。在锶、钕同位素成分方面,具有低的I_(Sr)值(0.7060±0.0015)和接近于零的ε_(Nd)(t)值(-0.15～-0.20),低的钕模式年龄(T_(2DM)=0.96Ga),表明岩浆可能起源于上地幔(具全硅酸盐地球BSE端元成分)。说明在早白垩世,南岭地区应力作用已转入拉张为主,大规模拉张作用,造成岩石圈减薄,有利于碱性岩