Archean geodynamics in the Central Zone, North China Craton: constraints from geochemistry of two contrasting series of granitoids in the Fuping and Wutai complexes

The Archean to Paleoproterozoic Central Zone of the North China Craton is situated between the Eastern and Western Archean continental blocks and contains two contrasting series of Neoarchean granitoids: the 2523–2486 Ma tonalite−trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG) gneisses in the Fuping Complex, and the 2555–2525 Ma calc-alkaline granitoids (tonalite, granodiorite, granite and monzogranite) in the Wutai Complex. The Fuping TTG gneisses most likely formed from partial melting of 2.7 Ga basalts at >50 km, with an involvement of 3.0 Ga crustal material. The Wutai granitoids have higher K₂O, LILE and Rb/Sr, but lower Sr/Y and La_N/Yb_N than the Fuping TTG gneisses, are characterized by Nd T_DM from 2.5 to 2.8 Ga and _Nd(t) from 0.49 to 3.34, and are derived from partial melting of a juvenile source at <37 km.The geochemistry of these two contrasting series of Neoarchean granitoids provides further evidence that the Wutai Complex originated and evolved separately from the Fuping Complex. The Wutai Complex most likely formed as an oceanic island arc with volcanism and synvolcanic granitoid intrusions at 2555–2525 Ma. The Wutai Complex was subsequently accreted onto the Eastern Archean Continental Block, and was probably responsible for crustal thickening and TTG magmatism at 2523–2486 Ma in the Fuping Complex (as part of the Taihangshan–Hengshan block), at the western margin of the Eastern Archean Continental Block.     

Inter-element relations in some alkaline suites of the Eastern Ghats Precambrian belt

Element interrelations, with particular emphasis on alkaline earth metals, have been studied quantitatively for three alkaline suites of the Eastern Ghats Precambrian belt. Geochemical characterisation brings the Koraput and the Kunavaram suites closer, relative to the Elchuru suite. K-Ba and K-Rb correlations vary during the fractionation process, being strongly positive for the early members and almost noncorrelatable for the late fractions. The covariant relation between Ba and Sr is not well developed in any of the suites. Significant positive correlation between Rb and the degree of differentiation has been observed for the Koraput and the Kunavaram suites but not for the Elchuru suite. Liappears to be fractionated with the early mafic phases and is negatively correlated with Na. Zr shows a significant positive correlation with differentiation in the Elchuru but not in the Koraput suite although Ti/Zr falls remarkably with advancing differentiation for both the suites. P and Ti are mutually positively correlated in all the three suites and both tend to manifest significant negative correlation with progressive fractionation. K-(P + Ti + Sr) seems to be a good indicator of the fractionation process in the suites investigated.     

东天山卡瓦布拉克喀拉塔格南岩群地质特征

卡瓦布拉克大断裂北晚太古宙喀拉塔格南岩群,为灰色片麻岩系(TTG岩系)及二长-钾长花岗片麻岩系组成的高级变质区,后者常呈脉状或不规则状分布在TTG岩系中,构成灰、红相间的景观特征.岩石具高角闪岩相-麻粒岩相变质特征,发育中深层次的塑性流变变形,变质矿物有反条纹长石、钾长石、角闪石、铁铝榴石等,区域上还可见蓝石英、紫苏辉石、硅线石.经岩石化学研究,组成该岩群的片麻岩具英云闪长岩-奥长花岗岩-花岗闪长岩(TTG岩系)组合特征.该套变质岩系可与库鲁克塔格、尾亚、阿尔金等地太古宙中深变质岩系对比,时代厘定为晚太古代较恰当,构造属性为塔里木地块的前震旦纪结晶基底.     

扬子地台西缘新元古代TTG的厘定及其意义

对原划为新太古代古元古代康定杂岩的雅江桥片麻状奥长花岗岩、花滩奥长花岗岩和磨盘山花岗岩的地球化学分析表明,其具有低Mg#、Na2O>K2O,轻重稀土元素强烈分异,无或略具微弱的负Eu异常,低YbN、Cr、Ni、V、Nb、Ta、Ti,高Ba,Sr变化较大,与TTG类似。雅江桥奥长花岗岩的SHRI MP锆石U-Pb年龄测定结果为778±11Ma。初步认为本次工作所选的康定杂岩为形成于新元古代的TTG花岗岩。结合TTG的形成环境和前人研究成果,认为扬子地台西缘新元古代花岗岩是板块俯冲环境体制下玄武质洋壳部分熔融的产物。     

Trace element characteristics of partial melts produced by melting of metabasalts at high pressures: Constraints on the formation condition of adakitic melts

Modern adakite, Archean tonalite-trondhjemite- granodiorite (TTG) and adakitic rocks derived from lower continental crust are high Na and Al felsic rocks and are characterized by strong heavy REE and Y de- pletion and high Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios, which sug…     

冀北单塔子杂岩的地质学和锆石U-Pb年代学

冀北单塔子杂岩位于华北克拉通北缘中段隆化-赤城断裂以南,主要由高角闪岩相-麻粒岩相变质的英云闪长质、奥长花岗质、花岗闪长质片麻岩(TTG岩套)和铁镁质二辉麻粒岩、辉石斜长角闪岩、石榴石斜长变粒岩、石榴石夕线石黑云母片岩及少量的大理岩等表壳岩残留体组成。详细的SHRIMP和LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb同位素地质年代学研究表明,冀北单塔子杂岩的形成主要经历了7个演化阶段:(1)2600～2530Ma之间形成了单塔子杂岩中英云闪长质和奥长花岗质片麻岩的围岩,其中一部分铁镁质表壳岩,即铁镁质二辉麻粒岩,可能为英云闪长质—奥长花岗质岩浆的源岩;(2)2517～2505Ma主要为英云闪长质岩浆的侵位结晶阶段;(3)2494～2473Ma,奥长花岗质片麻岩侵位结晶;(4)2427～2404Ma,发生了早期麻粒岩相变形变质作用和深溶混合岩化作用,使这一杂岩经历了强烈的改造;(5)～1859Ma,铁镁质岩浆侵位,形成一些铁镁质岩株和岩脉;(6)～1834Ma到1793Ma,单塔子杂岩经历了最强烈的变质作用改造,形成了晚期麻粒岩相变质作用;(7)～1730Ma经历了强烈的流体活动,使得一些锆石发生了流体交代和改造。但是总体上单塔子杂岩没有经历～300Ma的古生代的变质作用。     

华北克拉通胶东地区～2.7Ga TTG岩石的成因及地质意义

胶东是华北克拉通保存~2.7Ga岩石的主要地区之一。通过地质调查和锆石SHRIMP测年,我们在胶东5个地方识别出2.7Ga的岩石,这些岩石包括片麻状英云闪长岩、片麻状花岗闪长岩以及片麻状高硅奥长花岗岩。SHRIMP测年结果显示,除样品QX12126外,其他样品中的锆石大多具有清晰的岩浆环带,207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄为2718~2743Ma,指示这些样品的原岩结晶年龄为~2.7Ga。样品QX12126中锆石大多遭受后期改造,核部获得的最老的207Pb/206Pb年龄(2710±11Ma)应最接近原岩的结晶年龄。根据地球化学结果,胶东~2.7Ga岩石可以分为两组。组1以高的(La/Yb)N、Sr/Y,低的Yb、Y为特征,并表现出无Eu异常或正Eu异常;组2则具有低的(La/Yb)N和Sr/Y,高Yb、Y的特征,并具有负的Eu异常。这些地球化学特征指示组1可能来自以榴辉岩或斜长石很少的石榴角闪岩为残留的源区,而组2源区残留可能为几乎不含石榴石的角闪岩。结合放射性同位素数据,我们认为组1可能起源于加厚的中太古代玄武质下地壳,榴辉岩下地壳发生拆沉作用,上涌的热的软流圈加热浅部残留的地壳物质,形成高HREE(组2)的TTG岩石。胶东与霍邱地区新太古代早期岩石成因、更早期地质记录存在相似性,两者可能为同一古老陆块。出露~2.7Ga岩石的地区在华北分布分散,不同地区~2.7Ga岩石的成因可能存在差异,在探讨华北克拉通新太古代早期构造演化过程时应充分考虑这些因素。     

华北克拉通新太古代地壳增生:来自山西云中山地区TTG片麻岩和二长花岗片麻岩的证据

通过详细的野外地质工作,本文在山西云中山地区识别出一套岩石组合完整的TTG片麻岩岩系,与TTG片麻岩共生的还有后期发育的二长花岗片麻岩。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,花岗闪长质片麻岩的形成时间为2486±9Ma,二长花岗片麻岩的形成时间为2448±11Ma。地球化学特征显示研究区TTG片麻岩为高铝TTG。奥长花岗质片麻岩总体表现为高SiO_2(69.82%~73.54%)、富Na_2O(4.19%~5.16%)、高CaO(1.45%~3.03%)的特征,Al_2O_3含量为14.31%~15.74%,铝饱和指数(A/CNK)为1.00~1.03,属富钠过铝质系列岩石;英云闪长质片麻岩的特征与奥长花岗片麻岩基本相似,但K_2O含量更低,CaO含量更高;花岗闪长质片麻岩SiO_2(61.23%~61.97%)含量相对偏低,Na_2O/K_2O为1.00~1.32,Al2O3含量为15.03%~15.73%,铝饱和指数(A/CNK)为0.96~1.05,为准铝质或过铝质系列岩石。与上述TTG片麻岩不同的是,本区出露的二长花岗片麻岩表现为富钾(K_2O/Na_2O=1.22~1.44)、贫Al_2O_3(12.81%~14.27%)的特征。岩石稀土总量较低(∑REE=52.71×10~(-6)~262.0×10~(-6)),轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,轻、重稀土强烈分馏。微量元素具有富集K、Rb、Th等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Sr、P、Ti等元素的特点,Cr、Ni等相容元素含量也较低,表现出岛弧岩浆的特征。花岗闪长片麻岩和二长花岗片麻岩εHf(t)值均为正值,前者成岩年龄与二阶段模式年龄较为接近,暗示其来源为2.5~2.6Ga的新生地壳,而后者成岩年龄与二阶段模式年龄则相差较多,其测点大都落在2.7~2.8Ga地壳演化线的区域内,表明二长花岗片麻岩来自于2.7~2.8Ga的古老地壳。根据上述地球化学特征,并结合区域地质特征,推测研究区高Al的TTG片麻岩是"平俯冲"状态下洋壳部分熔融的产物,而二长花岗片麻岩为底侵古老地壳部分熔融的产物,形成于大陆边缘弧的构造环境,代表云中山地区一次重要的以水平增生为主的地壳生长事件,同时也表明在新太古代末期,云中山地区已完成克拉通化,进入陆内演化阶段。     

内蒙古武川西乌兰不浪地区早前寒武纪变质基底锆石SHRIMP定年及Hf同位素组成

本文报道了华北克拉通西部武川西乌兰不浪地区太古宙变质基底的锆石SHRIMP年龄和Hf同位素组成。一个片麻状奥长花岗岩样品的锆石具核边结构,核部岩浆锆石和边部变质锆石的207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄分别为2692±17Ma和2528±16Ma。对9个样品进行了锆石Hf同位素分析。新太古代早期(2692～2697Ma)片麻状奥长花岗岩(2个样品)的岩浆锆石的εHf(t)、tDM1(Hf)和tDM2(Hf)分别为4.78～8.83、2646～2780Ma和2632～2845Ma;新太古代二辉麻粒岩(2个样品)中的捕获锆石的εHf(t)、tDM1(Hf)和tDM2(Hf)分别为-2.30～8.62、2543～2954Ma和2529～3189Ma;新太古代变质深成岩(4个样品)的岩浆锆石的εHf(t)、tDM1(Hf)和tDM2(Hf)分别为-2.60～8.09、2529～2880Ma和2538～3089Ma;古元古代蓝晶石榴长英质片麻岩(1个样品)的碎屑锆石的εHf(t)、tDM1(Hf)和tDM2(Hf)分别为1.52～6.59、2432～2774Ma和2498～2925Ma。结合前人研究结果,可得出如下结论和认识:1)该区存在新太古代早期片麻状奥长花岗岩,太古宙岩石在新太古代晚期普遍遭受高级变质作用影响;2)新太古代早期为该区地壳形成主要时期,新太古代晚期则主要表现为陆壳物质再循环;3)作为阴山地块的典型代表,固阳-武川地区与华北克拉通东部太古宙基底十分类似,可能表明华北克拉通在新太古代晚期已成为统一的整体。     

新疆普鲁一带米兰岩群组成及地质构造意义

通过在新疆西昆仑开展的1∶25万《于田》、《伯力克》幅区调项目,从库地—其曼特缝合带北侧,前人划分的长城系中划分出来一套中深变质的片麻岩系,并从中解体出一套变质中酸性侵入体—TTG岩系,其余岩石组合经区域地层对比,厘定为米兰岩群。并对其岩石组合、岩石化学、原岩恢复及形成环境等方面进行了研究。进一步为研究"古昆仑洋"的演化及塔里木板块南缘基底的组成及演化特征提供了新的资料。