内蒙古吉日嘎朗图晚泥盆世侵入岩特征及其构造意义

内蒙古锡林浩特吉日嘎朗图晚泥盆世侵入岩分布于内蒙古自治区二连-贺根山板块对接带北部,其岩石组合为石英闪长岩、英云闪长岩和花岗闪长岩.岩石化学成分SiO₂含量为64.23%~74.47%,Al₂O₃为13.59%~16.26%,TiO₂为0.19%~0.76%,Na₂O+K₂O为6.28%~8.15%,属钙碱性系列,A/CNK=1.06-1.21,属过铝质花岗岩.An-Ab-Or图显示T₂G₁G₂QM组合,属TTG岩类.微量元素显示为火山弧花岗岩.稀土元素以高度分馏的稀土模式和亏损HREE为特征,显示TTG岩类特征.综合反映该套岩石具典型TTG岩类特征,显示为洋壳向陆壳俯冲的产物.在花岗闪长岩中取单颗粒锆石U-Pb年龄为361.1±1.0 Ma,为晚泥盆世侵入岩,因此,西伯利亚板块与华北板块的缝合时间至少应当在晚泥盆世之后.     

中国不同时代O型埃达克岩的特征及其意义

中国出露从太古代-中生代各个时期的O型埃达克岩。中国太古代TTG大多类似喜马拉雅型花岗岩的特征,少数是埃达克岩,主要是加厚下地壳熔融形成的。中国新元古代埃达克岩大多分布于扬子板块的西缘和北缘,古生代埃达克岩主要分布于中亚造山带和秦祁昆造山带。中亚造山带早古生代和部分晚古生代的O型埃达克岩可能产于板块消减带环境,晚古生代晚期的O型埃达克岩可能与碰撞有关。冈底斯晚白垩世的O型埃达克岩可能产于活动陆缘环境。O型埃达克岩最重要的意义在于其与金铜成矿作用的密切关系。埃达克岩很难判断其形成的构造环境,即使是O型埃达克岩。O型埃达克岩贫钾,说明它来源于贫钾的玄武质源岩,可以产于板块消减带,也可来自下地壳底部;但是,那些富Mg#且Mg#变化大的埃达克岩很可能来自板块俯冲带。     

Major and trace element geochemistry of plutonic rocks from Francistown, NE Botswana: evidence for a Neoarchaean continental active margin in the Zimbabwe craton

The Neoarchaean Tati granite–greenstone terrane occurs within the southwestern part of the Zimbabwe craton in NE Botswana. It comprises 10 intrusive bodies forming part of three distinct plutonic suites: (1) an earlier TTG suite dominated by tonalites, trondhjemites, Na-granites distributed into high-Al (Group 1) and low-Al (Group 2) TTG sub-suite rocks; (2) a Sanukitoid suite including gabbros and Mg-diorites; and (3) a younger high-K granite suite displaying I-type, calc-alkaline affinities.

The Group 1 TTG sub-suite rocks are marked by high Sr/Y values and strongly fractionated chondrite-normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns, with no Eu anomaly. The Group 2 TTG sub-suite displays higher LREE contents, negative Eu anomaly and small to no fractionation of HREE. The primordial mantle-normalized patterns of the Francistown TTGs are marked by negative Nb–Ti anomalies. The geochemical characteristics of the TTG rocks are consistent with features of silicate melts from partial melting of flat subducting slabs for the Group 1 sub-suite and partial melting of arc mafic magmas underplated in the lower crust for the Group 2 sub-suite. The gabbros and high-Mg diorites of the Sanukitoid suite are marked by Mg#>0.5, high Al₂O₃ (>>16%), low TiO₂ (<0.6%) and variable enrichment of HFSE and LILE. Their chondrite-normalized REE patterns are flat in gabbros and mildly to substantially fractionated in high-Mg diorites, with minor negative or positive Eu anomalies. The primordial mantle-normalized diagrams display negative Nb–Ti (and Zr in gabbros) anomalies. Variable but high Sr/Y, Sr/Ce, La/Nb, Th/Ta and Cs/La and low Ce/Pb ratios mark the Sanukitoid suite rocks. These geochemical features are consistent with melting of a sub-arc heterogeneously metasomatised mantle wedge source predominantly enriched by earlier TTG melts and fluids from dehydration of a subducting slab. Melting of the mantle wedge is consistent with a steeper subduction system. The late to post-kinematic high-K granite suite includes I-type calc-alkaline rocks generated through crustal partial melting of earlier TTG material. The Neoarchaean tectonic evolution of the Zimbabwe craton is shown to mark a broad continental magmatic arc (and related accretionary thrusts and sedimentary basins) linked to a subduction zone, which operated within the Limpopo–Shashe belt at 2.8–2.65 Ga. The detachment of the subducting slab led to the uprise of a hotter mantle section as the source of heat inducing crustal partial melting of juvenile TTG material to produce the high-K granite suite.     

TTG片麻岩与地壳早期动力学

英云闪长质－奥长花岗质－花岗闪长质片麻岩（ＴＴＧ）在太古宙高级区和绿岩－花岗岩区广泛分布。大量研究表明它们主要是由与玄武岩成分相当的各类源岩在不同条件下部分熔融形成的，也有一些由玄式质岩浆分离结晶或未成熟杂砂岩部分熔融形成。高温高压实验证明，玄武质岩石在中低压水饱和条件下熔融产生钙碱性岩浆，在中、高压、ｐｆ＜Ｐｔ条件下熔融程度在１０％～３０％时产生英云闪长质－奥长花岗质岩浆。不同压力下熔融残留相成分和比例有明显差异，导致ＲＥＥ配分模式的不同。只有在１．６ＧＰａ左右或更高压力、ｐｆ＜ｐｔ条件下才产生与太古宙ＴＴＧ杂岩地球化学性质相同或相似的熔体。因此，对ＴＴＧ片麻岩的地球化学性质、成因和生成环境的研究对探讨地壳早期的动力学过程具有重要意义。     

海南岛中新元古代花岗质岩类的成因及其构造意义

报道了海南岛中新元古代(~1000Ma)花岗质岩类的地球化学和Sm、Nd同位素分析结果。海南岛中新元古代花岗岩类属于钙碱性系列,具有富硅(SiO2含量为67.78%~75.04%),准铝或弱过铝(A/CNK=0.96~1.08),低Mg#值(0.24~0.44)及较低Cr(5.82~13.42μg/g)、Ni(2.74~7.23μg/g)含量,强烈亏损Y(2.85~13.70μg/g)和HREE(Yb为0.26~1.22μg/g),以及较高的Sr/Y(23.75~173.38)和La/Yb(32.11~88.12)比值等特点,类似于TTG或低Mg埃达克岩。结合其低的正εNd(t)值特征,可以认为海南岛中新元古代花岗岩类是底侵玄武质下地壳部分熔融形成的,源区残留相以石榴子石为主,并可能有少量角闪石,其源岩很可能是古中元古代高钾和低Cr、Ni的斜长角闪岩。海南岛中新元古代花岗岩类形成于格林威尔造山作用晚期,这一结果支持华南统一大陆形成于~1000Ma的观点。