乌鲁木齐市TSP微观形貌特征分析

利用环境扫描电镜(SEM/EDS)分别对2009年四季在雷达站、卫星站、年轮实验室和白杨沟站采集的TSP样品进行微观形貌和能谱分析,结果表明:乌鲁木齐市TSP形貌具有明显的时空分布特征。春季TSP颗粒较大,形状不规则,可能来源沙尘;夏季TSP中颗粒少且小,可能含有土壤扬尘和植物花粉;秋季TSP颗粒多为蓬松链状,可能是烟尘聚集体;冬季TSP颗粒较大,形状规则的颗粒增多且多为圆形,是典型的燃煤飞灰形态。北郊、市区TSP中颗粒物数量高于南郊山区的白杨沟站,秋冬季燃煤对北郊和市区TSP形貌影响较大。TSP主要含Si、S、Ca、Al、Fe、Mg、Cl、Na,说明TSP来源广泛,并且由多种颗粒混合而成。春夏季乌市TSP中Si、Ca Al、Na、Mg含量较高,秋冬季Si、S、Ca、Al、Fe、Cl含量很高。市区TSP中S、Fe、Al较白杨沟同期所占比重大,白杨沟TSP中元素种类较少,S、Fe含量不高,表明燃煤、工业排放影响不大。     

TSP法在石柱槽隧道地质超前预报应用中的几点认识

简要介绍了隧道施工常见灾害及地质超前预报重点,通过工程实例,对TSP法的应用效果及相关技术问题提出了自己的认识。     

综合物探技术在灰岩地区隧洞超前预报中的应用

将TSP、地质雷达技术用于千岛湖配水工程灰岩区隧洞超前预报,简述了两种物探方法的原理,统计了完整性较好的灰岩与砂质岩对应的TSP指标范围,采用有限差分法模拟了地震波在隧洞前方遭遇大型溶洞时的波场特性,总结了岩性变化、溶洞、溶蚀带对应的物探异常规律。结论如下:地质雷达是溶洞、溶蚀带探测较理想的手段,其电磁异常特征表现为反射波振幅强,同相轴错断或呈双曲线状,并伴随一定程度的多次反射,含泥溶腔主频较空腔偏低,但多大于50MHz;同等质量级别下灰岩对应TSP各物理力学指标较粉砂岩或泥质砂岩偏好;大型空腔对应TSP纵波波速、密度及杨氏模量偏低,TSP对小型溶腔或溶蚀带探测敏感度较差,有时仅体现为反射层密集。     

Concentrations and distribution of trace metals of PM<Subscript>10</Subscript> and TSP particles collected in the qingdao area

Aerosol samples of PM₁₀ (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than 10μm) and TSP (total suspended particles) were simultaneously collected from April 2001 to March 2002 at the top of Mount Baguan on the downtown campus of Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China. The concentrations of Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb and Zn were determined by means of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The monthly variability of the mass concentrations of aerosol particles and the concentrations of trace metals are presented and discussed. The distribution pattern of these metals in PM₁₀ and TSP is also discussed. During the observation period, the mass concentration of PM₁₀ at this site ranged from 13.80 to 306.42 μgm⁻³, while that of TSP ranged from 31.02 to 568.82μgm⁻³. Both PM₁₀ and TSP reached their highest concentrations in springtime, while the lowest values occurred in summertime. The concentrations of crustal metals followed the same variation pattern, while those of anthropogenic metals did not. A closer examination led to the conclusion that anthropogenic metals are mainly from local sources. The average concentration ratios of anthropogenic metals in PM₁₀ to TSP were higher than the average mass ratio of PM₁₀ to TSP, suggesting that there was a higher proportion of anthropogenic metals on smaller particles although there were a few exceptions. For crustal metals, however, the metal concentration ratios were close to the particle mass ratio, indicating that the distribution of crustal metals was much more homogeneous on aerosol particles with different sizes. The correlation analysis indicated that Al, Fe and Mn were originated from similar sources and were mainly controlled by the particle mass, while Cu, Pb and Zn were predominated by local anthropogenic sources, with Pb and Zn having similar origins.     

沙尘源区AVHRR反照率时序变化与TSP的对比分析

以 2 0 0 1年 3月到 5月的几次沙尘天气为例 ,介绍基于地表覆盖的AVHRR反照率的反演结果 ,并与TSP(沙尘干量 )和Si(硅 )进行对比分析 ,发现它们具有较好的相关性 ,从而揭示了沙尘暴发生前后地表能量的变化状况 ,为预测预警沙尘天气的危害提供及时客观的空间信息     

TSP 203在云南元磨高速公路隧道超前地质预报中的应用

TSP203系统是瑞士Amberg工程技术公司最新研制并拥有专利的隧道地震探测仪，专门为隧道超前地质预报而设计的。该系统从数据采集、处理和成果评估高度智能化。采用该系统可以预报隧道工作面前方至少100m围岩地质体的性质、位置和规模，并可算出其岩石物理力学参数，为确定合理的支护参数提供依据，确保隧道施工安全和质量。本文是TSP203系统在云南元磨高速公路隧道超前地质预报中的应用实例。     

TSP203型隧道超前地质预报系统及应用

介绍了TSP203型超前地质预报系统的组成、性能以及工作原理与方法,数据处理的步骤,通过工程实例分析说明其应用效果。     

The influence of meteorology on the organic and inorganic properties of aerosols in Hong Kong

The organic and inorganic species in total suspended particulates (TSP) collected from June to December in 1998 in Hong Kong were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to investigate the sources of Hong Kong aerosols and the mechanisms that control the chemical compositions and variations in the atmosphere. These samples were classified according to the climate: wet, dry under the influence of southerly winds from the sea (Dry-S) and dry under the influence of northerly winds from the continent (Dry-N). There were significant increases of materials from crustal, biogenic and pollution sources in the Dry-N period by a factor of 5, 4, and 2, respectively. Since the crustal tracers (e.g., Al, Fe) could be from coal flyash, the estimate of crustal material in the Dry-N period may include some materials from pollution source. Therefore, a positive correlation between crustal and pollution elements was observed. From the analysis of solvent-extractable organics (SEOC), microbial and meat cooking sources showed slight increase (1.2-fold). Higher levels of plant wax materials in the Dry-N period were probably due to the higher wind speed during the winter monsoon. The percentage of crustal material in TSP was 47% in the Dry-N period, and only 22% in the wet season and the Dry-S period. Plant wax materials (biogenic source) had a higher percentage in the Dry-N period (39% of SEOC) while microbial and meat cooking sources accounted for 49% of SEOC in the wet season. This study revealed that wind direction and precipitation had a significant influence not only on the concentrations but also on the chemical compositions and sources of Hong Kong aerosols.     

甘肃河西地区大气沙尘成分及影响分析

 河西地区是中国西北干旱区沙尘暴活动比较频繁的地区之一,由沙尘暴引起的较高浓度的TSP严重污染城市空气质量。1999—2001年监测资料表明,河西走廊城市空气中TSP含量年平均值在沙尘事件和非沙尘事件期间的比率约为4~8倍。通过对2001年冬春季13次沙尘暴特征的统计分析,表明该区沙尘暴的特征主要体现在以下几个方面：①沙尘暴持续时间在1~3 d之间;②沙尘暴过程中的主导风向为NNW、NW和WNW;③1 h平均最大风速约为15.0 m·s-1,TSP最高含量约为62.53mg·m-3。沙尘颗粒表面的化学成分主要为地壳元素SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、CaO、MgO、K2O、Na2O和TiO,而其中的微量元素Cu、V、Pb、Zn和As主要来源于工业尾矿及其他人为污染物。     

TSP在软、硬岩地层中的应用效果分析

介绍了TSP超前预报系统实现预报的基本原理.从基本原理出发分析了TSP对不同岩性地层的适应性问题;通过实例分析了TSP在不同地层中的顸测效果.结果表明当围岩中没有大的不良地质体时,TSP在软岩中的预测效果较差,而在硬岩中预测效果好.