Genetic model of hanging wall syncline and central dome in extensional fault

Hanging wall syncline and central dome are special extension structures, developing over the hanging wall in an extensional ramp-flat fault. Under the condition that the flat is sub-horizontal, the hanging wall syncline is separated from the half graben by the central dome. And on the dome forms an erosional surface. Both sediments in the half graben and erosional surface on the top of the central dome extended over the dome and entered into the hanging wall syncline with extension going on. Meanwhile, those having entered were overlapped by new sedimentary layers in the hanging wall syncline, so that there is a together-threaded, diachronic unconformity to form in the same epoch stratum. The layers in the hanging wall syncline also have an attribute of migrating laterally and getting tilted with extension. There is no sedimentation on the central dome. But sediments, which came from the half graben, got thicker over the dome in extension.     

冰穹C的大气条件:天文含意

在南极洲高原的冰穹C有望发现非凡的天文观测条件,受此鼓舞,许多国际小组协同努力对该地的大气条件作全面的测量．评述对冰穹C的选址现况,讨论过去、现在和计划中的选址仪器,迄今已得到的结果,以及这些结果的天文含意．     

Discrete element modeling of the faulting in the sedimentary cover above an active salt diapir

Geological mapping, seismic analyses, and analogue experiments show that active salt diapirism results in significant faulting in the overburden strata. Faults associated with active diapirism generally develop over the crest of the dome and form a radial pattern. In this study, we have created a 3-D discrete element model and used this model to investigate the fault system over active diapirs. The model reproduces some common features observed in physical experiments and natural examples. The discrete element results show that most faults initiate near the model surface and have displacement decreasing downward. In addition, model results indicate that the earliest fault, working as the master fault, has a strong influence on the subsequent fault pattern. The footwall of the master fault is mainly deformed by arc-parallel stretching and develops a subradial fault pattern, whereas the hanging wall is deformed by both arc-parallel stretching and gliding along the master fault and top of salt, and hence develops both parallel and oblique faults. Model results replicate the fault pattern and deformation mechanism of the Reitbrook dome, Germany.     

辽东湾坳陷辽西凸起的形成与演化

以地震、钻井等地质资料为基础,结合磷灰石裂变径迹、断层活动性、平衡剖面等方法,对辽东湾坳陷辽西凸起新生代的形成演化过程进行了分析,结果表明:辽西凸起形成于新生代古近纪孔店组.沙四段沉积期,是在辽西1号、2号、3号断裂活动和区域性构造抬升共同控制之下形成的,其间发生了三期构造抬升事件,分别在孔店组.沙三段沉积初期(40Ma之前)、东营组沉积末期.馆陶组沉积初期(26~20Ma)和馆陶组沉积末期.明化镇组沉积初期(10Ma)。由于控制凸起的断层垂向活动性差异,辽西凸起不同分段的形成演化过程存在差异,整体上呈现出南段抬升强度大于北段;沙一、二段沉积期北段开始接受沉积,早于南段,区域内沙一、二段和东营组地层表现出由北向南逐渐减薄的趋势。作为辽东湾坳陷一个重要的次级构造单元,辽西凸起的形成演化与中国东部区域性构造事件具有很好的响应关系,但和东部的辽东凸起相比,二者在形成机制上存在一定的差异性,体现了统一区域应力场下局部应力场的时空差异。     

藏南扎西康矿集区深部结构与成矿:来自地球物理的证据

扎西康矿集区是近年藏南发现的最具找矿潜力的多金属矿富集区.但是由于工作条件所限,矿集区开展的地球物理工作程度不高,深部结构和地质信息不明,严重制约了矿集区成矿作用与成矿潜力等重要地质问题研究.为了查明西藏扎西康矿集区深部地质结构,探讨成矿作用的深部机制,在扎西康地区开展了重力、磁法和大地电磁等测量,利用二维小波分解重磁异常和反演的密度、电性结构模型,结合岩石物理性质和地质资料综合分析,认为错那洞片麻岩穹窿在地球物理场上具有3层结构,且下部单元(核部)以淡色花岗岩为主,向北侧延伸到扎西康矿区深部,和矿集区近南北向断裂带、其他次级断裂共同组成了扎西康叠加改造锑铅锌银多金属矿床的控岩、控矿、赋矿系统.处在高低电性块体分区的错那洞变质穹窿形成机制可能与藏南拆离系有关,而错那洞岩体深部延伸、岩浆侵位、就位过程驱动了流体循环,在其他因素参与影响下,共同作用了扎西康矿床的形成.     

老挝万象平原盐丘发育程度与钾盐找矿策略

老挝万象平原不同矿区盐丘构造发育程度不同。由于盐丘控制了钾盐矿层的分布,因此研究盐丘及其发育程度并对其分级,对万象平原及其周边地区的钾盐找矿具有重要参考意义。通过对万象平原大量的钾盐勘查资料研究,将该区域内盐丘构造按发育程度不同分为Ⅲ级(较发育)、Ⅱ级(发育)和Ⅰ级(极发育)三个级别。属Ⅲ级的有通芒盐丘和班海盐丘,属Ⅱ级的有农刀及塔贡盐丘,属Ⅰ级的为农哈湖盐丘。在万象平原进行钾盐勘查时,发育程度不同的盐丘及盐丘的不同部位的工程布设不同,找矿效果也不同。     

南秦岭佛坪地区早中生代变质-深熔-变形作用的锆石U-Pb年代学制约

本文通过几何学与运动学等构造变形分析, 勾勒出南秦岭佛坪地区龙草坪混合岩化片麻岩穹隆、佛坪县城片麻岩穹隆以及秧田坝—十里铺走滑剪切带的基本形态。同时, 对该区混合岩、麻粒岩以及变形花岗岩进行了系统的岩石学与年代学研究。结果表明, 混合岩的锆石具有明显的核-边结构, 其中中色体年龄集中在(211.8±1.9) Ma, 浅色体中锆石边部年龄为(203.7±1.6) Ma, 而继承核部则显示了与本地区泥盆纪变质沉积岩中碎屑锆石一致的年龄谱系。麻粒岩的锆石也具有明显的核-边结构, 核与边分别得到(201.5±7.0) Ma和(188.1±1.5) Ma的加权平均年龄。伟晶岩和细粒花岗岩样年龄分别为(200.4±2.0) Ma和(201.1±1.5) Ma, 误差范围内一致。穹隆一带的副片麻岩和走滑剪切带南侧变质沉积岩分别得到(198.1±2.2) Ma和(196.1±2.1) Ma的变质年龄。佛坪县城片麻岩穹隆一带的变形花岗岩年龄为(205.5±3.0) Ma。综合以上构造变形与变质-深熔-岩浆作用的研究, 我们构建了佛坪地区早中生代构造演化序列, 并提出片麻岩穹隆侵位过程中得到了作为勉略带东侧部分的秧田坝—十里铺韧性走滑剪切带活动的促进。并认为南秦岭构造带至少在217~212 Ma之前仍处于俯冲环境, 于211~201 Ma进入同碰撞背景, 并于200~190 Ma完成同碰撞向伸展体制的转变。     

松潘—甘孜造山带容须卡岩浆-穹隆地质特征及构造演化

位于松潘—甘孜造山带雅江穹隆群北东部的容须卡岩浆底辟穹隆区,经历了多期构造演化,内部构造极其复杂。为厘清容须卡地区岩浆与穹隆的演化关系,通过野外地质调查及室内综合研究,探讨了容须卡穹隆的地质特征及构造演化。该穹隆中心发育无根或肠状褶皱,及“S”型、“Z”型褶皱和“A”型平卧褶皱; 穹隆外围发育叠加褶皱,反映造山带早期SN向和EW向收缩挤压。该穹隆主要经历了晚三叠世(印支末期)SN向与EW向的“双向挤压”作用; 成穹期岩浆向上侵位时限为(214.4±1.2) Ma; 成穹后经历了挤压推覆和应力松弛阶段; 早中新世(17~10 Ma),由于青藏高原东南缘快速抬升,松潘—甘孜造山带发育NW-SE向鲜水河左旋走滑断裂,使容须卡地区形成一系列NNW向韧脆性和脆性破碎带。     

Characteristics of shallow gas hydrate in Okhotsk Sea

Multidisciplinary field investigations were carried out in Okhotsk Sea by R/V Akademik M.A. Lavrentyev (LV) of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) in May 2006, supported by funding agencies from Ko- rea, Russia, Japan and China. Geophysical data including echo-sounder, bottom profile, side-scan- sonar, and gravity core sample were obtained aimed to understand the characteristics and formation mechanism of shallow gas hydrates. Based on the geophysical data, we found that the methane flare detected by echo-sounder was the evidence of free gas in the sediment, while the dome structure de- tected by side-scan sonar and bottom profile was the root of gas venting. Gas hydrate retrieved from core on top of the dome structure which was interbedded as thin lamination or lenses with thickness varying from a few millimeters to 3 cm. Gas hydrate content in hydrate-bearing intervals visually amounted to 5%―30% of the sediment volume. This paper argued that gases in the sediment core were not all from gas hydrate decomposition during the gravity core lifting process, free gases must existed in the gas hydrate stability zone, and tectonic structure like dome structure in this paper was free gas central, gas hydrate formed only when gases over-saturated in this gas central, away from these struc- tures, gas hydrate could not form due to low gas concentration.     

Tectonometamorphic Cycles in Different Geodynamic Conditions

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