Compaction process in sedimentary basins: the role of stiffness increase and hardening induced by large plastic strains

This paper is devoted to the simulation of large strain compaction process in sedimentary basins. Special attention is paid to the effects of large porosity changes on the elastic and plastic mechanical properties of the sediment material. The latter are introduced in the constitutive behaviour in the framework of a micromechanical reasoning. In particular, the proposed approach avoids the problem of negative porosities that are predicted by classical models under high confining pressures. Some closed‐form solutions are presented in the simplified case of one‐dimensional compaction. While the influence of stiffness increase is shown to be negligible as regards the compaction law, it proves to affect significantly the stress and porosity profiles. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On coherent ice drift features in the southern Beaufort sea

Previous studies have highlighted reversals in the Beaufort Gyre on regional scales during summer months, and more recently, throughout the annual cycle. In this study we investigate coherent ice drift features associated with individual ice beacons during winter 2008 that may be a signature of ice–coast interactions, atmospheric and/or oceanic forcing. Examined in particular are three case studies associated with reversals in ice beacon trajectories in January and April of 2008; case I corresponds to a meander reversal event in January, case II to a loop reversal event in April, and case III to a meander reversal event located to the northeast of the Mackenzie Canyon in April. An assessment of atmospheric and oceanic conditions during these reversal events shows enhanced ocean–sea-ice–atmosphere dynamical coupling during the Case I meander reversal event in January and comparatively weak coupling during the Case II loop and Case III meander reversal event in April. Absolute (single-particle/beacon) and relative (two-particle/beacon) dispersion results demonstrate dominant meridional ice drift displacement and inter-beacon separation for Case I relative to Cases II and III indicative of ice–ice and ice–coast interactions in January. The results from this investigation provide an ice drift case study analysis relevant to, and template for, high-resolution sea ice dynamic modeling studies essential for safety and hazard assessments of transportation routes and shipping lanes, ice forecasting, and nutrient and contaminant transport by sea ice in the Arctic.     

珠三角城市经济升级与社会升级的耦合协调关系及其影响因素

采用熵值法综合比较了2006―2019年珠三角经济升级和社会升级的现状,运用改进的耦合协调度模型定量衡量其经济升级和社会升级的耦合度、耦合协调度变化,并分析影响经济和社会升级耦合协调度的因素,结果表明：1）2006―2019年珠三角经济升级和社会升级过程总体上呈现波动上升的趋势,全球金融危机和珠三角的产业结构转型是影响2个系统升级过程的重要因素;2）2006―2019年珠三角2个系统的整体耦合度呈现“U”型演变的态势,由高水平耦合阶段降至磨合阶段再恢复至高水平耦合阶段;3）2006―2019年珠三角9市2个系统耦合协调度总体呈现上升趋势,经济升级系统和社会升级系统之间的协调性逐渐增强;4）人力资本、消费需求、外商投资和政府治理对珠三角经济升级和社会升级的耦合协调度有正向影响,而环境污染则起负面影响作用。     

胶州湾北部水层-底栖耦合生态系统的动力数值模拟分析

基于胶州湾1995年5航次的生态动力学综合实验观测，建立了一个水层－底栖生态系耦合的动力学箱式模型，其中水层亚模型包括浮游植物、浮游动物、无机氮、无机磷以及DOC、POC和溶解氧7变量，底栖部分包括大型、小型底栖生物、细胞、碎屑及无机氮和磷6变量。模型考虑了海面太阳辐照度变化、海水及底泥温度变化，以及营养盐与DOC陆源流入的影响，利用该模型成功地模拟了胶州湾北部各生态变量的季节变化特征。同吴增茂等（1999）水层模型模拟结果相比可以看出，耦合模型的结果更加合理。     

深圳海域潮汐海啸波耦合数值研究

以COMCOT海啸模式和TPXO7.1全球潮汐模式为基础,采用三层嵌套网格,建立了南海海啸与潮汐耦合计算模型,分析深圳海域海啸和潮汐相互作用。潮汐计算结果与实测数据吻合较好,高、低潮位平均误差小于15 cm,20 cm;在潮汐验证的基础上,以马尼拉海沟潜在地震海啸源为案例,进行8.0,9.0级地震海啸与潮汐耦合情景模拟计算,计算结果表明,9级地震海啸在深圳海域外海波高为140~150 cm,如先行波为正波发生在高潮时将产生异常高潮位,负波发生在低潮时将产生异常低潮位,线性叠加计算结果偏大,在25.0 cm之内,到达时间差异小于6 min。     

地磁长周期变化与日长10年尺度波动的相关分析

分析1900～2000年期间地磁长期变化和日长变化10年尺度波动的相关性,估算了核幔电磁耦合力矩,并与国外一些研究者的结果进行了对比。结果表明,地磁偶极矩的变化率M&与日长10年尺度波动存在时滞相关,地磁偶极矩变化比日长变化滞后大约10 a;在地幔电导为108～5108 S时,核幔电磁耦合力矩具有与日长10年尺度变化所需力矩的量级。     

塔里木河流域农牧资源与农牧经济耦合关系

通过构建农牧资源与农牧经济协调发展耦合评价指标体系,采用耦合度模型评价了2004-2011年塔里木河流域农牧资源与农牧经济耦合发展水平,并提出塔里木河流域农牧资源与农牧经济协调发展的对策建议。结果表明:(1)塔里木河流域农牧资源系统指数呈现稳中有升的态势,总体升势较为平稳,未出现较大波动。(2)西部大开发战略的顺利实施、对口援疆项目的落地,使塔里木河流域农牧经济得到快速发展,农牧经济系统指数实现较大幅度的增长。(3)农牧资源与农牧经济耦合发展水平上升趋势明显,但是协调度不太高,农牧经济的快速发展使农牧资源保护的难度持续增大,协调发展压力仍然较大。     

Numerical Modeling of Wave-Enhanced Turbulence in the Oceanic Upper Layer

A coupled model of air-wave-sea interaction is modified based on a new roughness formulation and the latest data. The model parameters for aerodynamic roughness from below (ARB) and wave-dependent roughness from above (ARA, z _0a ) are assumed equal. The combined roughness is assumed to be a function of friction velocity, gravity, air and seawater densities, and wave age (c _w ). The model is used in a study of wave-enhanced turbulence under breaking waves to predict turbulent dissipation (), ARA, and drag coefficient (C _d ). Both waves and shear production are considered as sources of ocean turbulent energy. The atmospheric part of the model is used only to specify a correct condition at the interface. Numerical experiments are performed to study the -distribution, z _0a and C _d , and to compare with data. The major achievement is model verification using all available data. The first full application of this model is in conjunction with an ocean circulation model in a coupled circulation-wave system. Simulations show that the -distribution is strongly dependent on local wind-forced wave heights. For each wind and wave state there is a particular wave-dependent depth that is verified by data. The comparison shows that the model predicted agrees well with the observed of the z ^–4 law distribution of Gargett (1989). Simulations also show that waves have an important role in causing to differ from the classical wall-layer theory and z _0a , with a value of 0.30 for the empirical constant a _a . The model-predicted , z _0a , C _d and C _gd agree well with data.     

浅水非线性波作用下沙质底床孔隙水压力响应数值分析

近岸水深较浅,波浪具有较强的非线性,海床破坏与波浪作用下孔隙水压力的分布有着密切的关系。波浪场控制方程采用雷诺时均方程和k-ε紊流模型,入射波采用椭圆余弦波,采用PLIC-VOF法追踪自由表面;海床域以Biot动力固结理论为基础,建立了非线性波浪与海床相互作用的弱耦合数学模型,获得椭圆余弦波作用下沙质海床中孔隙水压力响应规律。计算结果表明,与线性波浪相比,浅水非线性波作用下沙质海床中孔隙水压力幅值增大非常显著。