极不充分采动条件下地表下沉规律及计算方法研究

随着煤矿开采的不断加深,地表呆动程度(开采宽度D与开采深度H之比DIH)不断降低,并逐渐趋向于极不充分采动,同样长度的工作面对地表的影响程度极不同于浅部开采。因此,需要重新认识深部开采时的地表下沉规律。极不充分采动条件下地表下沉规律具有特殊性。经过对国内外大量观测资料的综合分析,发现当开采宽度小于地表下沉起动距时(极不充分采动),地表的下沉或地表下沉率(q′／q)为零。当开采宽度达到地表移动起动距时,地表下沉缓慢增长;达到临界采动距时,地表下沉急剧增大。地表下沉率(q′／q)与开采宽、深比D／H之间为负指数函数关系。在极不充分采动条件下进行地表下沉预计时必须对概率积分法的下沉系数进行修正。算例证明了本文给出计算方法的可行性。但这种修正方法如何与概率积分法相统一仍需进一步研究。     

Terrain Pattern Recognition and Spatial Decision Making for Regional Slope Stability Studies

A terrain partition scheme is presented that allows the identification of regions with high landslide risk in natural terrain zones on the basis of geomorphometric criteria from moderate resolution DEMs. The key factor being the terrain segmentation to aspect regions (regions formed by points preserving the same aspect direction) instead of using an artificial regular-grid terrain partition scheme. The study area is in western Greece (NW Peloponnesus) whereas a moderate resolution digital elevation model with spacing 75 m is used. Landslide inventory analysis and knowledge conceptualization identified that the landslide susceptibility of a particular aspect region is high, if the mean elevation is low and the mean gradient is high. Each aspect region was parametrically represented on the basis of its mean gradient and elevation. The domain of each parameter was divided to seven slices (classes) on the basis of the observed density. Subsequent knowledge based mapping identified aspect regions with high landslide susceptibility for the following spatial rule: (a) “mean slope in class 6 or 7” and (b) “mean elevation in class 1 to 5”. Alternatively the rule is expressed as mean slope to be equal or greater than 15^∘ whereas mean elevation to be in the range 0 to 750 m. These identified zones correspond to regions where historical landslides occurred (populated coastal areas in the North) as well as to south regions (natural terrain zone) where no landslide record is available, because of the limitations posed by the natural terrain landslide mapping program in Greece. The presented terrain segmentation technique combined to the spatial decision-making process, provided both an object framework for integrating geomorphometric parameters and a method for landslide risk analysis in natural terrain zones.     

A statistical study of environmental factors controlling concentrations of heavy metals in the burrowing bivalve Scrobicularia plana and the polychaete Nereis diversicolor

Multiple regression analyses indicate that the most important factors controlling Ag, Cd, Co, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations in the estuarine bivalve Scrobicularia plana and the polychaete Nereis diversicolor are the concentrations of these metals in surface sediments and the partitioning of sediment-bound metals between different sediment constituents. Extraction of the sediments with 1-n HCl provides more information about the bioavailability of the metals than do extractions with five other techniques. Biologically available Cd and Co in solution contribute significantly to Cd and Co concentrations in both Scrobicularia and Nereis. Concentrations of Ag in Scrobicularia are reduced where Cu concentrations in sediments are high. An unexplained increase in concentrations of Cu in Scrobicularia at specific stations in six estuaries suggests that under certain very anoxic conditions the availability of copper may be exceptionally high.     

Granulometric and chemical composition of the Sava River sediments upstream and downstream of the Krsko nuclear power plant

Total concentrations of 13 elements (K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Pb) in the size-fractionated Sava River sediments upstream and downstream of the Krsko nuclear power plant together with metal speciation within bulk sediment have been investigated. Trace metals generally increase with decreasing particle size, however, because of entrapment of organic matter in the 0.63–1 mm fraction, concentrations in the coarser sediment fraction are higher than expected. Exchangeable Pb, Zn, Cu, Mn, Cr and Fe are generally found to represent a negligible fraction of the total metal concentration of the bulk sediment. Seasonal variations of the Pb, Zn and Cu concentrations in the <0.5 mm fraction reflect decreased values during the spring period. Heavy metal concentrations in the 2003 waste water discharges from the Krsko nuclear power plant released into the Sava River were much lower than their maximum allowed values. Combined rubidium and organic matter normalization of the Zn, Pb and Cu concentrations, which was applied on the minus 0.063 mm fraction, indicated three potential sources of contaminants.     

遥感信源色彩信号的提取与复现

提出遥感信源色彩信号的提取及复现理论,给出了可操作的技术路线,设计了提取与复现程序,用MODIS(中等分辨率航天成像光谱仪)数据提取并复现了色彩信号,生成了色彩信号图像。未进行大气校正的色彩信号图像等效于太空对地摄影,从图像可看出,地物被笼罩在瑞利散射形成的蓝色“云雾”下。经瑞利散射纠正后的色彩信号图像接近于地面真彩色摄影,非专业人员能根据地物颜色及阴影判读出常见地物。理论可用于遥感信源地面真彩色图像重建、色彩信号不完整信源彩色仿真、航天对地真彩色摄影、信源质量评价。     

利用多尺度Hough变换提取高分辨率SAR图像建筑物L型结构

提出了一种利用多尺度Hough变换从高分辨率SAR图像提取建筑物L型结构的方法。针对高分辨率SAR图像建筑物L型结构的特点,建立了建筑物L型结构简化几何模型,并采用从粗到精的思路利用多尺度Hough变换提取建筑物L型结构方向线。并提出了一种L型结构组合度函数对提取直线进行编组,确定建筑物L型结构的方向和拐点。最后,采用基于扫描线的方法计算L型结构线宽,得到完整规则的建筑物L型结构。多幅真实机载高分辨率SAR图像实验结果表明,本方法可以有效地提取高分辨率SAR图像建筑物L型结构,提取结果与实际位置吻合较好。     

一种有效的航拍图像中直线提取算法

首先对航拍图像进行小尺度高斯滤波;然后进行边缘检测,得到边缘检测幅度图像;再在边缘检测幅度图像中进行启发式搜索连接,提取出符合直线模型的直线搜索轨迹;最后根据直线搜索轨迹的判别获取直线。实验结果表明,该算法可以在航拍图像中提取出真实的直线,是一种有效的直线提取算法。     

淡水湖泊湿地水体信息提取方法

及时、准确地获得水体信息是对水资源保护、利用和可持续发展的有利支持。以洪泽湖为研究区,通过实验比较了阈值法、TM2+TM3>TM4+TM5的谱间关系法、比值法和新型水体指数法提取水体结果的优缺点。研究表明,基于谱间关系构建的新型水体指数法能有效地提取各种类型的水体,且具有很强的普适性。新型水体指数法有效地提高了水体信息提取精度,提取精度高达92.5%。     

遥感技术在沿海滩涂提取中的应用

基于遥感技术,利用TM多光谱影像和SPOT全色影像,在遥感影像处理软件ERDAS 8.7中进行几何配准、IHS融合,采用监督分类的方法,对福州市长乐地区的沿海滩涂进行自动提取,并结合地理信息系统软件Arc-GIS DeskTop 8.3制作滩涂提取专题图。结果表明,遥感技术用于沿海滩涂监测,具有科学性和直观性,是传统方法无法比拟的,能更好地为滩涂管理相关部门的规划和管理提供实时、准确的依据。