基于遥感与GIS的城市用地动态变化分析——以上海市南汇区为例

近几十年来,土地利用/覆盖变化研究成为全球变化研究的焦点.本文利用2000年和2003年两个不同时期的遥感影像数据,借助GIS强大的空间分析能力,首先对上海市南汇区的城市用地利用变化的时空扩展过程、特征、规律做了深入的探讨,然后结合研究区社会经济数据对土地利用动态变化的驱动力进行了分析.研究结果表明:(1)随着经济的快速发展,南汇区城市土地利用正发生着数量及空间上的变化;(2)城市用地扩展的大部分来源于耕地,在城市化进程中耕地资源被大量地占用了;(3)南汇城市用地加速扩展,但扩展速度在空间上并不均衡;(4)城市用地的扩展在空间上呈现出轴线性和带状分布特点;(5)经济的发展始终是南汇区用地扩展的主导影响因子,相关的政府政策和规划贯穿于南汇城市用地扩展的全过程.     

原位低温拉曼光谱技术在人工合成CaCl2-H2O和MgCl2-H2O体系流体包裹体分析中的应用Ⅱ:低温下流体包裹体相变行为的研究

本文利用低温原位拉曼技术,对CaCl2-H2O体系和MgCl2-H20体系人工合成流体包裹体进行了研究.结果表明:对于盐浓度不同的溶液而言,可采用不同的冷冻方式有效采集低温拉曼光谱;通过系统采集不同温度下的拉曼光谱,可以直接准确地测定包裹体中流体的成分和低温相变过程.人工合成包裹体原位低温拉曼光谱的研究,为将该技术应用于天然包裹体分研究奠定了理论基础,可以预见,该技术必将在流体包裹体研究领域发挥其它方法不可替代的重要作用.     

三级“源-渠-汇”耦合研究珠江深水扇系统

国外单纯地依靠建立深水扇沉积模式来研究深水沉积已经走入了困境,本文尝试通过三级“源-渠-汇”耦合研究来探索珠江深水扇系统的沉积。三级次的源-渠-汇耦合研究方法是把控制珠江深水扇系统沉积的诸因素分成宏观-中观-微观级别,分层次地考察珠江深水扇系统。强调利用宏观研究来描述发育珠江深水扇系统形成的地质条件;利用以层序地层解释为主要手段的中观研究刻画出深水扇的沉积结构模式;通过沉积内幕及其响应关系的微观研究识别珠江深水扇的供源背景、输送管道、沉积微观内幕、沉积过程、沉积流态、储集条件和圈闭性。这种方法较之传统扇模式更能从成因上分层次地揭示深水扇的形成发育演化。     

Perceptions of Local People toward Wild Edible Plant Gathering and Consumption: Insights from the Q-method in Hani Terraces

Wild edible plants (WEPs) can provide a variety of provisioning services and cultural services but they are currently under-utilized. Understanding farmers’ perceptions of the collection and consumption of wild edible plant resources is essential for promoting local socio-ecological system resilience and local wild plant resource use. This paper uses the Q-method to investigate the main perspectives of farmers toward collecting and consuming wild edible plants in the Honghe Hani Terraces region of Yunnan Province. This analysis identified four main perspective types among the farmers, including market-driven, household user-driven, cultural service seekers, and tradition followers. It revealed the main factors that limit and facilitate farmers’ WEP collection and consumption, including limitations due to loss of traditional knowledge, and changes in socioeconomic conditions that negatively affect WEP collection and consumption; while, on the other hand, the demand for WEP-related cultural services and the presence of a strong culture slowed down changes in dietary structure, which in turn have maintained WEP collection and consumption. The Q-method can help in identifying the relationship between community residents and local wild plant resource use in rapidly transitioning areas and in identifying the barriers that affect the resilience of local socio-ecological systems.     

论地理信息系统及其在地理学中的地位

地理信息系统技术的兴起代表了地理学发展的一个重要方向。地理信息系统是一门处理地理(空间)数据的综合信息技术,它属于技术地理学的范畴,它为资源与环境的管理和规划以及地理学的研究提供了一个革命性工具。另一方面,地理信息系统的建立和应用又依赖于地理学理论和实用模型的发展。进一步勾通地理信息系统与空间分析之间的关系是目前促进地理信息系统发展的重要课题。     

The Millstone Grit (namurian) of the southern pennines viewed in the light of eustatically controlled sequence stratigraphy

The overall lithological succession in the Millstone Grit of the southern Pennines was most probably controlled by glacial-eustatic sea-level oscillations and may be interpreted in terms of the systems tracts of sequence stratigraphy. Bands containing thick-shelled goniatites represent ‘condensed sections’ formed at times of maximum flooding. Turbidite-fronted deltas, marking major basin-filling episodes, resemble ‘lowstand systems tracts’. However all sand influxes did not necessarily occur during lowstands. Millstone Grit sheet deltas and elongate deltas resemble lobate and birdfoot deltas in Recent ‘highstand systems tracts’. The prograding fluviodeltaic complexes at the tops of some major turbidite-fronted deltas were braid deltas. So was the sheet-like channel complex of the Rough Rock at the top of the Millstone Grit, but this was probably part of a ‘highstand systems tract’.