Students’ Perceptions of Their Engagement Using GIS-Story Maps

This article describes the findings of a qualitative phenomenographic study that explored students’ engagement from the perspective of the students. It describes how the participants perceived their engagement when they learned social studies using GIS Story Maps. Qualitative data collection involved classroom observations, student-written reflections, and oral interviews with fourteen eighth-grade student-participants. The data analysis revealed that students perceive Story Maps as engaging in four qualitatively different ways: generating inquiry, visualizing information, mapping interactively, and cycling. Students also see a geographic and cultural connection between Story Maps and their lives, and additional connections beyond the classroom.     

Using a GIS to Examine Changes in the Bathymetry of Borrow Pits and in Lower Bay, New York Harbor, USA

Standard analyses with geographic information systems (GIS) and the publicly available GEODAS database were used to highlight bathymetric changes in the Lower Bay complex of New York Harbor. Dredging operations have deepened much of the Lower Bay complex. Approximately 6,580 hectares, or 20% of the bay bottom surveyed in 1934, was deeper in 1979/1982 than during 1934. Half of this deepening, 3,219 hectares or 10% of the bay bottom surveyed during 1934, was deeper by at least 2 m. Surveys conducted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers of three borrow pits in the central part of the Lower Bay complex were used to examine sedimentation over a 16-year period from 1979 to 1995. Results were consistent with studies conducted during the 1970s and 1980s that show the pits function as sediment traps. Between 1979 and 1995, sediment accumulated at rates of 6 to 12 cm per year in many portions of the borrow pits.     

长江口与东海陆架泥质沉积动力过程与环境效应：长期数据采集需求

长江入海物质在东海内陆架水域形成了大规模泥质沉积区。内陆架泥区具有细颗粒沉积物和有机质的源/汇双重特征。长江口及邻近海域的泥质沉积过程 产物关系、泥质沉积在生态系统动力学中的作用、泥质沉积碳库增量潜力,是区域性沉积动力学的3个前沿问题,主要研究内容包括长江河口泥区未来演化趋势、泥区沉积物重力流形成条件和过程、泥区沉积物有机质含量与初级生产及低氧水层的关系、泥区消浪作用及其机制、颗粒态有机质衰减曲线(或曲线族)、颗粒态有机质碳库增量潜力等。其研究需要海洋观测站网在底部边界层、水层、新型数据上的支撑,以满足数据分辨率、连续性的要求。底部边界层连续观测将有助于重力流、泥区消浪作用、湍动影响下的沉积物起动曲线族等问题的解决。水层观测将有助于有机质衰减系数的研究,进而获得有机质埋藏率、浅层天然气、有机碳库增量等问题的答案。一些新型数据含有物源、沉积体特征和演化的大量信息,此类数据的获取将依赖于观测技术的突破。     

层序地层学在乌尔逊凹陷北部大磨拐河组隐蔽油气藏勘探中的应用

隐蔽油气藏勘探要以高分辨率地震资料为基础,以层序地层学理论为指导,结合测井和沉积学综合研究.本文讨论了层序地层学在陆相湖盆隐蔽油气藏勘探中的的理论基础和工作方法,并将其应用于海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷北部大磨拐河组隐蔽油气藏识别中,指出大磨拐河组为一套完整的二级层序,由低水位体系域、水进体系域和高水位体系域组成,其中低水位体系域发育的湖底扇和斜坡带发育的岩性上倾尖灭砂体为研究区主要的隐蔽油气藏类型.     

基于数字化技术的古建筑保护研究

介绍了地面三维激光扫描和GIS等新技术手段的优势和特点,探讨其在古建筑保护中的应用,并以河南开封的国家级重点保护文物"开封铁塔"为研究对象,以三维激光扫描点云为基础数据,结合地理数据库和三维建模技术,建立了古建筑数据库。利用ArcGIS Engine二次开发平台,设计了具有多维展示、数据库管理、监测分析和决策支持等功能的古建筑数字化保护系统,从技术层面上加强了对古建筑保护的力度。     

IGS精密星历的误差分析

采用高精度的ITRF2000全球参考框架、新的地球物理模型和误差改正模型、统一的卫星轨道参量和地球自转模型、统一的数据处理策略,重新处理了IGS全球跟踪站数据以求解1994～2004年的GPS卫星轨道。通过轨道比较评估了IGS精密星历的系统偏差和随机误差,发现IGS精密星历标称精度和实际精度存在差异,特别是早期结果。IGS精密星历在不同时期存在不同的系统偏差,主要由其在不同时期采用的不同ITRF序列参考框架之间的差异引起,IERS公布的转换参数不能完全表征ITRF序列间的差异。相对于重解精确轨道,IGS精密星历随机误差随时间逐渐减小,1994年为15～20cm,1998年逐渐减小到6～8cm,1998年以后小于5cm。     

Responding to common questions on the conservation of agricultural heritage systems in China

Although the urgency of their conservation has been recognized, Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) designated by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) since 2002 and China Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (China- NIAHS) certified by the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) of China since 2012 are faced with questions as to why to conserve them, what is to be conserved, who should conserve them, and how? This paper attempts to clarify and respond to such questions focusing on the conservation of agricultural heritage systems in China based on a review of both theoretical and practical progress. Agricultural heritage systems exhibit a multitude of values for sustainable and equitable development and therefore should be conserved for both present and future generations. Unlike most conventional heritages, the conservation of agricultural heritage systems is a complex, systematic “engineering” in which both physical and biological components and associated socio-cultural processes should be conserved in a dynamic way. Farmers and heritage sites must benefit from the continuance of traditional agricultural production under the premise of ecological functions being sustained and traditional culture being inherited. For a more effective conservation, a multi- stakeholder process should be established involving governments at different levels, multi-disciplinary scientists, communities and farmers, and business enterprises as well as social organizations. As has been demonstrated, the conservation of agricultural heritage systems aims to promote the regional sustainable development, to improve the livelihood, food security and well-being of farm people, and to provide references for the development of modern agriculture in China.     

Remote Sensing and GIS Application to Superlarge Mineral Deposits Prediction in Western Slope of Great Xing'an Mountains, China

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Remote Sensing and GIS Application to Superlarge Mineral Deposits Prediction in Western Slope of Great Xing'an Mountains, China

Supported by Geographic Information Systems (GIS), the multi - source geoscience information in the Western Slope of Great Xing' an Mountains are visual analyzed, including remote sensing data, magnetic data, gravity data and gamma - ray spectrometry data. Thus the structural framework is built up. And the remote sensing image pattern of mineral deposits is established by comparing the remote sensing geological features of five large or superlarge mineral deposits located in the same metallogenic belt in China, Russia and Mongolia. Guided by the image pattern, seven prospective locations of large or superlarge mineral resource are delineated.     

Embedding a Geographic Information System in a Decision Support System for Landslide Hazard Monitoring

In this paper we present an application that exploitsa geographic information system as a front-end of acomplex information system supporting the managementof landslide hazard in Valtellina, an alpine valley inNorthern Italy.A decision support system (EYDENET, operational sinceOctober 1996), incorporating a geographic informationsystem and a data interpreter based on artificialintelligence techniques, processes the readings of the250 most significant instruments of a monitoring netof about 1000 sensors installed on differentlandslides in several alpine valleys.Data gathered by extensometers, clinometers andpluviometers, to check both movements of rocks andclimatic conditions which could affect them, areprocessed by EYDENET, that provides on-lineinterpretation of data, helps the users analyse them,and generates natural language explanations and alarmmessages for the people responsible for theenvironmental management and the civil protection.