大连地区雷暴时空变化特征及其严重年大气环流背景分析

利用1961—2013年大连地区3测站逐日地面雷暴观测资料及1948—2016年NCEP/NCAR再分析月平均资料,采用线性趋势估计和合成分析方法分析了大连地区雷暴日数的时间和空间分布规律,并进一步探讨雷暴严重年5—9月平均大气环流背景特征。结果表明:大连地区雷暴具有明显的地域特征,空间分布主要呈现北部内陆地区多,南部沿海地区少的特点;除2月外,各地其余月份均可发生雷暴,7月和8月达到高峰值,雷暴集中发生在5—9月,雷暴具有较强的季节性,夏季6—8月最多,冬季很少出现雷暴;年平均雷暴日数总体呈减少趋势,其中北部的减少趋势尤为显著;雷暴初日多出现在4月,终日多出现在10月,初日较终日稳定,无论初日和终日均以北部地区较南部地区稳定,各地雷暴初日显著提前,终日推迟不显著,但仅有大连终日推迟趋势显著;雷暴初日和终日北部地区对应的候平均气温阈值分别为-1℃和10℃,南部(东部)地区对应的候平均气温阈值分别为6℃(-1℃)和3℃(8℃);多雷暴年,高层500 hPa蒙古低涡异常偏强,副热带高压偏西偏北,低层850 hPa偏南风水汽输送和大连上空整层垂直上升运动均异常偏强,这些有利于雷暴日数的增多,而少雷暴年与多雷暴年特征基本相反。     

鲁奇管壳型合成塔合成燃料甲醇的数学模型

采用单速率模型建立了鲁奇（ｌｕｒｇｉ）管壳型合成塔合成燃料甲醇的数学模型，并对影响数学模型一些主要因素进行了模拟计算及讨论，得出了鲁奇管壳型合成塔适用于合成燃料甲醇的生产工艺条件。     

星载合成孔径雷达成像处理

合成孔经雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)是当今微波遥感领域的研究热点,其全天候、全天时、高分辨率以及穿透地表等特点使其具备其他传感器不可比拟的优势,因此得到了极其广泛的应用。成像处理是SAR技术的核心部分。分析了星载SAR点目标回波信号模型和几种常用的星载SAR数字成像处理算法。以距离-多普勒算法为例,阐述了距离压缩和方位压缩的实质,详细讨论了多普勒参数估计、距离徙动校正和斑点噪声的去除等几个关键的问题。采用ERS-1卫星数据做了成像实验,并对SAR成像技术加以总结。     

Neo-deterministic definition of seismic input for residential seismically isolated buildings

This paper deals with the neo-deterministic definition of the seismic input in the municipality of Nimis (Italy), aimed at the design of residential seismically isolated buildings. The seismic input is defined by the computation of realistic synthetic seismograms considering different levels of detail for the earthquake source, both for a bedrock model and taking into account the specific site conditions. The horizontal response spectrum, calculated in the centre of the municipality by modelling the most dangerous source, advises against the construction of a building with a fixed base, but it is compatible with the seismic isolation, and it has been, therefore, used for the design of a residential seismically isolated building. The maximum displacement for the isolation system has been estimated about 17 cm, a value much lower than that provided by the code design response spectrum (28 cm). The importance of the realistic modelling, which permits the generalization of empirical observations by means of, physically sound, theoretical considerations, is evident, as it allows for the optimisation of the structural design with respect to the site of interest.     

碳酸盐岩中烃类包裹体的人工合成实验研究

运用Sterner和Bodnar在1984年提出的愈合裂隙的实验技术,利用冰洲石作为主矿物,进行了烃类包襄体的合成实验研究。并将实验产物磨制成双面抛光的薄片,在普通光学显微镜和荧光显微镜下对合成的包裹体进行了岩相学观察。结果表明本次研究在冰洲石中成功地合成了含液态烃类的包裹体,这也是国内外首次在碳酸盐岩矿物中成功合成的烃类包裹体,它为研究碳酸盐岩中油气藏的形成机理提供了一种新的手段,也为正确理解和解释自然界碳酸盐岩油气藏中烃类包裹体的资料提供了重要的参考。     

原位低温拉曼光谱技术在人工合成CaCl_2-H_2O和MgCl_2-H_2O体系流体包裹体分析中的应用Ⅰ:低温拉曼光谱研究

利用原位低温拉曼光谱分析技术,对在设定的实验条件下合成的CaCl2-H2O体系和MgCl2-H2O体系的流体包裹体进行分析研究,结果表明低温下CaCl2水溶液和MgCl2水溶液形成的盐水合物具有各自不同的特征拉曼光谱,通过测定特征光谱,能够简易直接的鉴定这些物质,进而确定盐水体系包裹体的成分.因此,原位低温拉曼光谱技术,能够有效地测定Ca2+和Mg2+这两种盐水体系包裹体流体中常见,但显微测温过程难以观察和判别的二价阳离子.实践表明,原位低温拉曼光谱分析技术是对传统的流体包裹体显微测温技术的一个十分有效的补充,在包裹体研究领域会得到越来越广泛的应用.     

Thermoluminescence, electron paramagnetic resonance and optical absorption in natural and synthetic rhodonite crystals

Thermoluminescence, electron paramagnetic resonance and optical absorption properties of rhodonite, a natural silicate mineral, have been investigated and compared to those of synthetic crystal, pure and doped. The TL peaks grow linearly for radiation dose up to 4 kGy, and then saturate. In all the synthetic samples, 140 and 340°C TL peaks are observed; the difference occurs in their relative intensities, but only 340°C peak grows strongly for high doses. Al₂O₃ and Al₂O₃ + CaO-doped synthetic samples presented several decades intenser TL compared to that of synthetic samples doped with other impurities. A heating rate of 4°C/s has been used in all the TL readings. The EPR spectrum of natural rhodonite mineral has only one huge signal around g = 2.0 with width extending from 1,000 to 6,000 G. This is due to Mn dipolar interaction, a fact proved by numerical calculation based on Van Vleck dipolar broadening expression. The optical absorption spectrum is rich in absorption bands in near-UV, visible and near-IR intervals. Several bands in the region from 540 to 340 nm are interpreted as being due to Mn³⁺ in distorted octahedral environment. A broad and intense band around 1,040 nm is due to Fe²⁺. It decays under heating up to 900°C. At this temperature it is reduced by 80% of its original intensity. The pink, natural rhodonite, heated in air starts becoming black at approximately 600°C.     

适于窄线三维地震资料的面炮方法

用小孔径波动方程叠前深度偏移完成大面积数据的成像，不仅总的计算量较大，而且成像畸变较严重。为了进行大孔径波动方程叠前深度偏移，必须将实际的小孔径资料合成大孔径资料，并解决大孔径资料的成像方法。AMO等合成孔径方法，数据合成方式简单，但成像方法是近似的且较复杂。面炮方法从理论上讲数据合成方法较简单，成像方法是精确的且较简单，但其应用适用于远道振幅比近道弱很多的情况。在窄线三维地震资料情况，其联络测线方向不易满足面炮应用条件。针对这种情况，本文将最小二乘原理应用于波场成像，提出适用窄线三维地震资料的面炮方法。为了解三维波动方程叠前深度偏移的面炮方法解决复杂油气藏的可行性、所需计算资源和成像效果，我们利用大庆SW地区三维地震资料进行了实验研究。通过研究，我们获得了面炮方法的实际效果，获得了所需计算资源的测试数据。对实际效果的分析对比表明，面炮方法是一种三维波动方程叠前深度偏移的快速方法，有较好应用前景。     

利用煤矸石合成4A分子筛初探

利用煤矸石经煅烧后在强碱作用下制备成４Ａ分子筛，这一实验室成果对综合利用煤矸石、生产适于洗涤剂配方用的合成沸石分子筛，具有积极的意义。