兰天武地区现今大地垂直形变场演化与地壳运动特征

用分段线性速率整体动态平差法处理了兰天武地区２０多年来的多期水准资料，分析了该区现今大地垂直形变场演化与地壳运动特征。研究结果表明：该区垂直形变七十年代曾表现出山间盆地大幅度上升的强烈逆继承性运动；八十年代华家岭等两北部山地上升、东南部盆地下沉的继承性运动增强；而目前基本恢复了正常的继承性运动状态。进一步分析认为：强烈逆继承性运动和继承性运动增强是区域应力场趋于强化的标志；正常继承性运动的恢复可能是应力场调整的结果。     

川青块体及其向南东方向运动的新证据

根据近二十年地震活动性、震源机制、活断层及深部探测等方面研究进展提供的新证据,进一步论证了笔者(1980)提出的由鲜水河断裂带、舒尔干—花石峡断裂带、岷江断裂带和龙门山断裂带围限的川青地壳块体的存在及其向南东方向运动的合理性。     

基于“网络工程”的GPS联测资料分析我国在欧亚板块中的运动规律

应用“中国地壳运动观测网络”1998年到 2 0 0 0年的多期 GPS联测数据 ,得到“网络工程”基准站和基本站各点在 ITRF97框架下的速度场 ,以及相对于 NNR- NUEARL1A模型的中国大陆板内运动速度场和相对于某一单站 (如 CHAN站 )的速度场 ,并对速度场信息的可靠性进行了初步分析。     

赣东北前寒武纪港边杂岩体的岩浆混合（和）作用及其地质意义

赣东北地区沿江绍断裂北缘和江南造山带南侧有大量的前寒武纪火山侵入杂岩呈带状分布,主要由大面积的陆相火山岩和若干长英质镁铁质火成杂岩体组成,后者中出露面积最大的港边杂岩体在填图尺度上可划分为长英质岩、镁铁质岩和过渡性岩3大组成部分,长英质岩颗粒锆石U_Pb谐和不一致曲线上交点年龄为822±4Ma,代表杂岩体中岩浆混合作用发生的时间。港边岩体中长英质岩石的Nd模式年龄为1·49~1·68Ga,镁铁质岩中玄武质岩石为1·51~2·21Ga,辉长岩的Nd模式年龄与玄武质岩石基本相同,为1·54~2·13Ga,经计算的过渡性岩石的Nd模式年龄为1·58~1·90Ga,因此认为镁铁质岩石从源区分离的时间要远早于长英质岩石,而过渡性岩石含有前两个端员岩浆相互混合(和)的信息。长英质岩石的εNd(t=822Ma)值为-0·8~-4·4,87Sr/86Sr(822)比值为0·70368~0·70549;玄武质岩石的εNd(822)值为-2·6~+2·3,87Sr/86Sr(822)比值为0·70387~0·70527,这反映了镁铁质岩浆的源区接近总地球,长英质岩浆则来自具壳幔混合性质的EMⅠ型地幔的源区。可以推测,赣东北前寒武纪也曾发生过岩浆底侵作用。底侵作用对港边火成杂岩体岩浆的形成起着重要的作用。底侵于壳幔边界的玄武质岩浆使地壳熔融形成长英质岩浆并聚集于浅部岩浆房。随着长英质岩浆房降温,长英质岩浆的结晶度和粘度增加,其物理状态发生液态→(固+液)混合态→固态的变化;当玄武质岩浆穿透下地壳并不断进入物理状态变化的长英质岩浆房时,持续地发生两种岩浆的化学混合作用或两岩浆的机械混合作用或玄武质岩浆的侵入,其混合作用的时间以长英质岩锆石的U_Pb谐和不一致曲线上交点年龄822±4Ma界定。根据Nd模式年龄(tDM)和Nd富集系数(fSm/Nd)分布特征,可以确定中元古代江南造山带为太古宙扬子古陆核的横向增生体,而新元古代陆相火山侵入杂岩带则横向增生于江南造山带南缘。至此,扬子古陆横向增生作用结束,开始与华夏古陆拼贴,包括港边火成杂岩体在内的新元古代火山侵入杂岩带则成为两古陆连结的纽带。     

应用GPS研究现今地壳运动的一些新特点

介绍了第3代GPS卫星的基本特征以及国际全球导航卫星系统(IGS)目前提供的各种星历、卫星时钟和追踪站时钟的精度、地球极移参数、日长及其变化等,同时阐述了国内外GPS地壳形变观测网的最新发展状态,重点介绍了川西地壳形变科研观测网。讨论了GPS瞬时定位方法的特点及其应用,评述了利用GPS观测数据研究慢地震取得的成果及其动态。     

华北克拉通中生代伸展构造研究的几个问题及其在岩石圈减薄研究中的意义

总结了华北克拉通及周边以变质核杂岩和穹隆为代表的伸展构造研究的进展和存在的问题,提出了值得进一步研究的几个重要问题及其在华北克拉通破坏和岩石圈减薄研究中的意义。以变质核杂岩和穹隆为窗口,开展推覆向伸展的转化机制、区域性伸展运动学特征、剪切应变类型、伸展构造发育的时间和过程的研究,有助于深入探讨增厚地壳向伸展减薄转化的起因和过程,确定减薄的区域运动学方式及时限,查明伸展构造变形对地壳及岩石圈减薄的贡献。这方面的研究将提升华北伸展构造研究的水平,有助于查明岩石圈减薄的地壳响应,为探讨华北克拉通破坏和减薄的时限、机制、模式及深部动力学问题提供直接的构造证据。     

中国云南哀牢山含海蓝宝石伟晶岩的起源和成岩模拟实验研究

The Ailaoshan aquamarine-bearing pegmatites are associated with Proterozoic metamorphic rocks in the southern portion of the Ailaoshan fault-folded complex.The gem-bearing pegmatite mineralization zones of the region occur in areas generally consistent with the regional tectonic trend.The pegmatites are found in metamorphic rocks,migmatites and in the inner/outer contact zones of gneissoid granites. The Rb-Sr isochron drawn for the pegmatites is 26～31 Ma,(i.e.in Himalayan).The homogenization temperatures of melt and liquid inclusions in minerals vary from 185 to 920℃,which are comparable to the inclusions observed in banded migmatites and ptygmatic quartz veins in the surrounding metamorphic rocks. The mineralization fluids of the pegmatite were rich in HCO_3 and CO_2,and their compositional assemblages are comparable to metamorphic fluids.Results of H,O,C,Si etc.isotopic analyses and REE,and Be analyses indicates that the sources of mineralization components that formed the pegmatites are closely associated with metamorphic fluids and the enclosing metamorphic rocks. A pegmatite structure simulation experiment was conducted at high temperature and pressure(840℃and 1,500×105Pa.),with various metamorphic rock samples in a water-rich and volatile-rich environment.When the liquidus was reached,the temperature was gradually decreased at the rate of 5～10℃/day over a time period of three months.SEM energy-dispersive spectrum analyses were performed on the experimental products.A series of pegmatoid textures were observed including zonal texture,megacryst texture,drusy cavities,crystal druses,and vesicular texture along with more than ten types of minerals including plagioclase,microcline,quartz and biotite.Different metamorphic rock melts generated different mineral assemblages.Experiment results revealed that the partial melting of metamorphic rocks could form melts similar to pegmatite magmas. Based upon the geological characteristics,geochemistry,and pegmatite texture simulation experimental results,it is concluded that the mineralization components of Ailaoshan aquamarine-bearing pegmatites came from metamorphic rocks.The petrogenetic model for the origin of pegmatites is related to ultrametamorphism and metamorphic anatexis.     

Development of a Continental Volcanic Field: Petrogenesis of Pre-caldera Intermediate and Silicic Rocks and Origin of the Bandelier Magmas, Jemez Mountains (New Mexico, USA)

The Miocene–Quaternary Jemez Mountains volcanic field(JMVF) is the site of the Valles caldera and associated BandelierTuff. Caldera formation was preceded by > 10 Myr of volcanismdominated by intermediate composition rocks (57–70% SiO₂)that contain components derived from the lithospheric mantleand Precambrian crust. Simple mixing between crust-dominatedsilicic melts and mantle-dominated mafic magmas, fractionalcrystallization, and assimilation accompanied by fractionalcrystallization are the principal mechanisms involved in theproduction of these intermediate lavas. A variety of isotopicallydistinct crustal sources were involved in magmatism between13 and 6 Ma, but only one type (or two very similar types) ofcrust between 6 and 2 Ma. This long history constitutes a recordof accommodation of mantle-derived magma in the crust by meltingof country rock. The post-2 Ma Bandelier Tuff and associatedrhyolites were, in contrast, generated by melting of hybridizedcrust in the form of buried, warm intrusive rocks associatedwith pre-6 Ma activity. Major shifts in the location, styleand geochemical character of magmatism in the JMVF occur withina few million years after volcanic maxima and may correspondto pooling of magma at a new location in the crust followingsolidification of earlier magma chambers that acted as trapsfor basaltic replenishment. KEY WORDS: crustal anatexis; fractional crystallization; Jemez Mountain Volcanic Field; Valles Caldera; radiogenic isotopes; trace elements