黄河中游河口镇至龙门区间不同岩层对河流粗泥沙贡献的分析

对黄河中游河口镇至龙门区间的产沙岩层与河流悬移质输沙进行了耦合平衡分析,确定了该区间各种产沙岩层的产沙数量,并推算出黄土、基岩和风沙对河流粗泥沙(d>0.05mm)的贡献率分别为61.2%、34.2%和4.6%。同时,分析了该区间侵蚀产粗泥沙的分布规律。     

The effect of the new Massachusetts Bay sewage outfall on the concentrations of metals and bacterial spores in nearby bottom and suspended sediments

Since the new outfall for Boston's treated sewage effluent began operation on September 6, 2000, no change has been observed in concentrations of silver or Clostridium perfringens spores (an ecologically benign tracer of sewage), in bottom sediments at a site 2.5 km west of the outfall. In suspended sediment samples collected with a time-series sediment trap located 1.3 km south of the outfall, silver and C. perfringens spores increased by 38% and 103%, respectively, in post-outfall samples while chromium, copper, and zinc showed no change. All metal concentrations in sediments are <50% of warning levels established by the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority. An 11-year data set of bottom sediment characteristics collected three times per year prior to outfall startup provides perspective for the interpretation of post-outfall data. A greater than twofold increase in concentrations of sewage tracers (silver and C. perfringens) was observed in muddy sediments following the exceptional storm of December 11-16, 1992 that presumably moved contaminated inshore sediment offshore.     

STUDY ON PREDICTION FOR TRANSPORT AND DIFFUSION OF DREDGED MATYER IN JIAOZHOU BAY, CHINA

The finite-element method was used to simulate the currents of Jiaozhou Bay and the nearcoast areas, and then established the model of the transport and diffusion of suspended particulate matter there. The transport and diffusion of dredged matter near the discharging field were estimated ; and the results were used to analyze the effects of the suspended particulate matter on the marine environment.     

基于超参数优化CatBoost算法的河流悬浮物浓度遥感反演

悬浮物浓度（TSM）是水生态环境评价的重要参数之一,及时掌握河流悬浮物浓度动态变化信息对于内陆水质监测、水环境治理是十分必要的。本研究基于野外实测光谱和悬浮物浓度数据,筛选与悬浮物浓度高度相关的波段组合反射率作为自变量,基于CatBoost、随机森林和多元线性回归算法构建悬浮物浓度遥感反演模型,采用带交叉验证的网格搜索法分别对CatBoost和随机森林2种机器学习模型进行超参数调优,确定模型最优参数配置,并对比不同模型反演精度,确定最优模型。基于最优模型,利用2019—2020年多时相Sentinel-2 MSI遥感影像,反演闽江下游悬浮物浓度,并分析其时空变化特征。结果表明：(1) b4/b3、(b6-b3)/(b6+b3)、(b4+b8)/b3、(1/b3-1/b4)×b5是MSI反演闽江下游TSM浓度的最佳波段组合反射率;(2)对比其他2种模型,基于超参数优化的CatBoost算法建立的悬浮物反演模型精度最高,其决定系数R2为0.95,均方根误差RMSE和平均绝对百分比误差MAPE分别为15.32 mg/L和19.68%;(3) 2019—2020年闽江下游悬浮物浓度分布“西低东...     

张强凹陷长北背斜生油岩有机地球化学特征

张强凹陷长北背斜侏罗系上统有沙海组和九佛堂组两套生油合系，其有机质丰度属中等，沙海组生油岩多为腐泥腐殖型．地球化学分析表明，沙海组下段的生油岩处于低熟—成熟阶段，该地区各层原油主要来源于侏罗系上统沙海组下段生油岩．     

无定河流域碳氮稳定同位素研究

对黄河中游一条很有特点的高悬沙支流--无定河流域进行了碳氮稳定同位素调查,发现该流域植被的碳氮同位素组成分布范围很广,碳同位素组成呈现出明显的双峰特征,说明该流域生态系统属于C3和C4混合植被类型.植物的氮同位素组成与碳同位素组成之间并不存在相关关系.沿河沉积物中的碳氮同位素组成之间存在有弱负相关性.河水悬浮体中碳氮同位素组成显示出良好的负相关关系,反映出该河悬浮体中主要有2种物质来源以及具保守性的物理混合特征.根据无定河流域植被、土壤、沉积物的碳同位素调查结果,估算出该河流颗粒有机质中C3植物碳的贡献可占75%～80%.河水悬浮体中有机质的控制性来源是中下游陆地侵蚀物质,同样也反映了流域植被的同位素特征,C3植物碳的贡献占优势.初步的研究结果已经证明,在研究河流中生源要素的输送通量与降水及径流过程之间的关系和河流物质与陆地生态环境变化之间的关系时碳氮稳定同位素示踪应该是十分有效的手段.     

Tracing suspended organic nitrogen from the Yangtze River catchment into the East China Sea

Total suspended matter was collected along the Yangtze River (Changjiang) and in the East China Sea in April to May and in September 2003, respectively, to study origin and fate of particulate organic nitrogen. Concentrations of particulate organic carbon (POC), nitrogen (PN) and hydrolyzable particulate amino acids (PAA; d- and l-enantiomers) were higher in the Yangtze Estuary than in the river and decreased offshore towards the shelf edge. In the coastal area, higher values of PAA were observed in the surface layer than in the bottom water. Stable carbon isotope ratios (δ¹³C) of POC increased from − 24.4‰ in the river to values around − 21‰ on the East China Sea Shelf. Dominant amino acids were aspartic acid + aspartine (Asx), glutamic acid + glutamine (Glx), glycine, alanine and serine. The proportions of Asx, Glx and isoleucine were higher in the marine than in the riverine samples contrary to the distributions of glycine, alanine, threonine and arginine. The proportions of d-amino acids were highest in the riverine suspended organic matter (6% of PAA) decreasing towards the shelf edge (1.5% of PAA). d-arginine, not reported in natural aquatic samples so far, was the most abundant d-amino acid in the river. The amino acid composition of the particulate organic matter (POM) in the Yangtze River indicates an advanced stage of degradation of POM. Highly degraded organic matter from soils is probably a main source of POM in the Yangtze River, but the relatively high δ¹³C values and low C/N ratios (7.7 ± 1.6) also indicate contribution from anthropogenic sources. The degraded riverine material was a dominant organic matter source in the estuary, where aquatic primary production had only a small overall contribution. In the East China Sea, gradual settling of riverine organic matter and the addition of fresher phytoplankton impacted the amino acid composition and δ¹³C values, and on the outer shelf relatively fresh phytoplankton-derived organic matter dominated.     

Multivariate approach for chlorophyll-a and suspended matter retrievals in Case II type waters using hyperspectral data

Abstract

Remote sensing has become promising in providing temporal and spatial information on biogeodynamics in large and open freshwater bodies. In optically complex environments, such as in the Western Basin of Lake Erie (WBLE), the water contains multiple biogeochemical constituents or colour producing agents (CPAs), such as phytoplankton, suspended matter and dissolved organic carbon; identifying and analysing such in-water constituents is crucial for understanding and assessing many biogeochemical processes. For example, concentrations of chlorophyll-a and total suspended matter can be used as proxies to assess phytoplankton dynamics and particulate loading. However, quantitative estimation of their concentrations from satellite observations is complicated when working with mixed spectral signatures. Hyperspectral remote sensing is fast emerging as a key technology for advanced and improved understanding of optically complex waters. This study estimates concentrations of chlorophyll-a and total suspended matter (TSM) in the WBLE by applying the partial least squares (PLS) method to a full range (400–900 nm) of continuous narrow spectral bands. The PLS method models the covariance between hyperspectral bands and CPAs, and identifies the optimal bands that characterize most of the variance in the CPAs. This method avoids the curse of dimensionality and the effects of multi-collinearity, a challenge that is associated with new-generation hyperspectral satellite sensors. Validation parameters for the PLS-based models produced R² of 0.84 for chlorophyll-a (RMSE = 1.18 μg/L), and R² of 0.90 for TSM (RMSE = 1.26 mg/L), illustrating the potential of the PLS method for isolating and extracting absorption features characterizing the various CPAs in optically complex Case II type waters.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz Associate editor Not assigned     

A multi-proxy lacustrine record of Holocene climate change on northeastern Baffin Island, Arctic Canada

Reconstructions of past environmental changes are critical for understanding the natural variability of Earth's climate system and for providing a context for present and future global change. Radiocarbon-dated lake sediments from Lake CF3, northeastern Baffin Island, Arctic Canada, are used to reconstruct past environmental conditions over the last 11,200 years. Numerous proxies, including chironomid-inferred July air temperatures, diatom-inferred lakewater pH, and sediment organic matter, reveal a pronounced Holocene thermal maximum as much as 5°C warmer than historic summer temperatures from 10,000 to 8500 cal yr B.P. Following rapid cooling 8500 cal yr B.P., Lake CF3 proxies indicate cooling through the late Holocene. At many sites in northeastern Canada, the Holocene thermal maximum occurred later than at Lake CF3; this late onset of Holocene warmth is generally attributed to the impacts of the decaying Laurentide Ice Sheet on early Holocene temperatures in northeastern Canada. However, the lacustrine proxies in Lake CF3 apparently responded to insolation-driven warmth, despite the proximity of Lake CF3 to the Laurentide Ice Sheet and its meltwater. The magnitude and timing of the Holocene thermal maximum at Lake CF3 indicate that temperatures and environmental conditions at this site are highly sensitive to changes in radiative forcing.