AN ATMOSPHERIC MOTION EQUATION BUILT ON THE CONSERVATIVE RELATIONSHIP OF THE ANGULAR MOMENTUM EXCHANGE BETWEEN THE SOLID EARTH AND THE ATMOSPHERE ON SEASONAL-ANNUAL TIMESCALE

Within the seasonal-annual timeseale,there exists an angular momentum conservative exchange relationship be-tween the solid earth and the atmosphere,and their angular momentum exchange not only can cause variations inlength-of-day(LOD)but also can express anomalies in atmospheric general circulation.Therefore,their angular mo-mentum exchange mechanism should be introduced into the general circulation model.Considering the angular momentum anomalous exchange caused by the air-earth interface friction effect,awhole-layer atmospheric motion equation is derived in this paper including the earth spin anomalous friction forceparameterized by using the change in the earth rotation rate.Through analysing the equation,it shows that the magni-tude of the earth spin anomalous friction force is the same as that of Coriolis force on seasonal-annual timescale.     

近地质时期岩石圈板块构造运动的力学分析

运用相对运动的地球动力学理论，把软流圈以上的岩石圈和软流圈以下的地球内圈，作为两个独立的运动单元来考察它们随地球自转时所发生的变化和各自的运动状态。完整的岩石圈碎裂成岩石块之后，它们各自作为独立的单元，在纬向西漂力、经向离极力和洋底扩张力联合作用下，产生相对运动。     

Boundary-Layer Decoupling over Cold Surfaces as a Physical Boundary-Instability

In the stable atmospheric boundary layer (SBL), the interaction of processes in numerical weather prediction (NWP) models seems to test their representation more stringently than their separate 'validation.Some SBL schemes derived from micrometorological research seem to allow a 'decoupling behaviour when implemented in NWP. That is, turbulence dies out from the ground upwards. Such 'decoupling of the surface from atmospheric fluxes can permit dramatic and possibly unrealistic falls in surface temperature. This study traces the mechanism of model decoupling, asks whether this behaviour is in any sense correct and considers the implications.It is shown that decoupling can occur in idealized single-column models, originating from an unstable boundary-mode. This behaviour can depend critically on parameters such as surface roughness and soil thermal diffusivity as well as turbulence. But the turbulence dependence arises through the response of the boundary layer as a whole, and not just the surface-layer scheme. Such decoupling arises from the 'physics, rather than the finite-difference schemes, and appears to occur sometimes in the real atmosphere.     

莱州湾南岸平原地面古河道研究

利用综合方法对莱州湾南岸平原地面古河道做了系统研究,发现并验证地面古河道２５条,按形成时代将其分为两期,其中,早一中全新世古河道６条,历史时期古河道１９条,按地貌形态将其为４种类型,包括高地古河道带,条状高地古河道,槽状洼地古河道和古河槽,其中条状高地古河道为该区主要的古河道类型。     

黑河实验区的地表反射率与植被指数

本文利用1988年9月黑河地区地气相互作用观测实验研究预试验期NOAA-AVHRR资料讨论了从晴天行星反射率推算地表反射率的方法,分析了与水、热收支有密切关系的下垫面参数——地表反射率与植被指数的分布特征及它们之间的经验关系。     

东北地区地震波Q值非均匀成象的初步探讨

本文首先证明了远震面波,近震Lg波震级起算函数和地震波吸收特征时间t及地壳品质因数Q值之间具有一定的联系,从而可利用面波及Lg波振幅周期资料进行Q值成象。其次,作为实验,利用1481条地震面波射线资料反演了东北和华北交界某区域(北纬35°—44°,东经115°—124°)内地壳品质因数Q值的空间分布。初步看,结果具有一定的地球物理意义。最后,论述了应用Lg波资料反演松辽地台地壳品质因数Q值的必要性和可能性。     

DW—10型电涡流传感器的性能测试

介绍了DW-10型电涡流位移传感器的主要技术性能及测试结果。其灵敏度为11-13mV/μm;线性范围达±0.5mm;线性度≥0.8％传感器对被测体的作用力<1×10~(-9)N。     

边坡稳定离心模型试验中离心力分布不均匀的影响

边坡稳定离心模型试验中离心力分布不均匀会给试验结果带来误差。本文用圆弧滑动计算法探讨了这种误差的大小、影响因素及变化规律，提出了减少误差的措施。     

Water Resources of the South Asian Region in a Warmer Atmosphere

The global mean surface temperature may rise by about 0.3oC per decade during the next Few decades as a result of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in the earth’s atmosphere. The data generated in the greenhouse warming simulations (Business-as-Usual scenario of IPCC) with the climate models developed at Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg have been used to assess future plausible hydrological scenario for the South Asian region. The model results indicate enhanced surface warming (2.7oC for summer and 3.6oC for winter) over the land regions of South Asia during the next hundred years. While there is no significant change in the precipitation over most of the land regions during winter, substantial increase in precipitation is likely to occur during summer. As a result, an increase in soil moisture is likely over central India, Bangladesh and South China during summer but a statistically sig-nificant decline in soil moisture is expected over central China in winter. A moderate decrease in surface runoff may occur over large areas of central China during winter while the flood prone areas of NE-India. Bangladesh and South China are likely to have an increase in surface runoff during summer by the end of next century.