福建黄塘晚侏罗世长林组硅质岩地球化学特征及其沉积环境意义

福建黄塘地区晚侏罗世长林组发育一套层状硅质岩,夹薄层凝灰岩,产硅质海绵骨针和硅质钙藻,其硅质岩沉积环境复杂,成因一直存在不同认识。本文通过野外地质调查和岩相学研究,以及主量元素、稀土元素和微量元素分析认为,该区硅质岩为非纯硅质岩,在FeMnAl三角图中样品位于生物成因区及附近,Mo和V含量富集、轻稀土富集、Eu弱负异常及U/Th值也都具有典型的生物成因特征,且微观特征显示其受到火山活动的影响。黄塘硅质岩在Fe2O3/TiO2Al2O3/(Al2O3+Fe2O3)、TFe2O3/(100-SiO2)Al2O3/(100-SiO2)和(La/Ce)NAl2O3/(Al2O3+Fe2O3)图解中都投在了大陆边缘及附近。ΣREE值较高、Ceanom值、MnO/TiO2值及(La/Yb)N值等这些地球化学指标一致表明黄塘硅质岩处于受陆源物质影响的大陆边缘浅海沉积环境。在前人研究基础上,认为研究区在晚侏罗世早期开始发生海侵并伴有小规模的火山活动,整体为还原环境,局部可能水体较深,为进一步开展福建、浙江地区的石油地质评价工作提供了依据。     

北淮阳东段卢镇关群和佛子岭群地层含矿性地球化学评价

卢镇关群和佛子岭群广泛分布于北淮阳成矿带内,但是对其含矿性研究一直较为薄弱。文章通过对卢镇关群和佛子岭群成矿元素的地球化学特征研究,评价地层含矿性。成矿元素富集系数(K)分析表明卢镇关群和佛子岭群各组中Mo元素均富集,W、Pb、Ag、Cu元素也存在不同程度的富集,存在潜在成矿可能;成矿元素后期叠加强度(D)分析表明本区的Mo、Ag、Cu等元素存在不同程度的后期叠加作用;成矿元素变异系数(CV)分析表明本区成矿元素具有一定的成矿潜力。对卢镇关群和佛子岭群成矿能力评序得出最优势矿种为Mo元素,并且卢镇关群和佛子岭群是北淮阳钼矿的理想矿源层,为区内钼矿提供了成矿物质。成矿元素与主微量元素的相关性分析表明Cu、W、Ag、Pb、Zn等元素受碎屑岩特征和氧化还原环境控制。     

锦屏隆里地区剪切构造变形的初步研究

在隆里地区新元古界下江群中发育有剪切变形的构造，形成脆－韧性剪切带（过渡性剪切带）。按其产状可分为切层和顺层过渡性剪切带两类，具有较典型的脆性－韧性变形的宏观和微观特征。此类变形是地壳浅层次剪切构造作用产物，显示了江南造山带外带的特征     

Application of visual,statistical and artificial neural network methods in the differentiation of water from the exploited aquifers in Kuwait

The ability of artificial neural network to differentiate water samples from the two aquifers of Kuwait on the basis of their major ion chemistry has been demonstrated. The major ion concentration distribution in the groundwater of the Kuwait Group and the Dammam Formation aquifers of Kuwait appears very similar. Cross-plots, supported by the discriminant function analysis of the data, however, suggest that there are some subtle differences in the overall composition of the water from the two aquifers that make it possible to differentiate the water from the two aquifers in almost 80% of the cases. An artificial neural network improved the differentiation capability to 90% of the cases. It is also possible to estimate the fraction of Kuwait Group water in the flow stream of dually completed wells with the help of an artificial neural network developed for this purpose. Electronic Publication     

苏德尔特油田贝16断块兴安岭群沉积特征与储层非均质性

在岩心观察描述、测井及开发动态资料综合分析的基础上,对苏德尔特油田贝16断块兴安岭群储层沉积特征及非均质性进行了研究,并分析了它们对注水开发的影响。结果表明:研究区在兴安岭群沉积时期主要发育滨浅湖沉积背景下的扇三角洲前缘的沉积,其中扇三角洲前缘水下辫状河道不等粒砂岩及粗砂岩储层物性最好,河口坝中粒砂岩次之,远砂坝粉砂岩最差;除了Ⅱ油组以外,其它油层的储层非均质性较强。应当根据沉积微相的平面分布特征及储层非均质性的强弱采取不同的开发措施。     

甘肃北山红柳园地区泥盆系三个井组和墩墩山群LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年及其意义

对甘肃北山红柳园地区三个井组下部玄武岩和墩墩山群安山质火山岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄测定,三个井组火山岩形成于420Ma±15Ma,相当于晚志留世;墩墩山群火山岩形成于367Ma±10Ma,相当于晚泥盆世。测年结果表明,晚志留世北山古生代洋盆已经俯冲消亡,并开始碰撞造山,而晚泥盆世墩墩山群火山岩则是北山早古生代洋盆碰撞造山后裂谷拉伸作用的产物,标志北山及相邻地区晚泥盆世进入到新的构造演化阶段——晚古生代板内伸展阶段。     

Tectonic control on third‐order sequences in a siliciclastic ramp‐style basin: An example from the Roper Superbasin (Mesoproterozoic), northern Australia

TThe Roper Group is a cyclic, predominantly marine, siliciclastic succession of Calymmian (Early Mesoproterozoic) age. It has a distribution of at least 145 000 km² and a maximum known thickness of ～5000 m. In the Roper River district the middle part of the Roper Group (～1300 m thick) is characterised by the cyclical alternation of mudstone and sandstone units, and can be divided into six third‐order depositional sequences. A typical sequence is broadly progradational in aspect, and comprises a lower, mudstone‐rich, storm‐dominated shelf succession (up to 330 m thick), and a sequence‐capping unit dominated by tidal‐platform cross‐bedded sandstone (up to 80 m thick); both are interpreted as highstand systems tracts. Transgressive strata are poorly represented but where present are characterised by paralic to fluvial redbed assemblages that include ooidal ironstone. Roper Group sequences lack a distinct condensed section and sequence boundaries are mostly conformable. Erosional contacts separate mud‐rich shelf facies from sequence‐capping sandstones. We infer that these erosion surfaces were generated by episodic flexural tectonism, which also generated the accommodation and sediment supply for Roper sequences.     

Geochemisty and tectonic setting of igneous rocks in the Glenrock Station area,N.S.W.

In the Upper Murray Valley, Victoria, Late Silurian, high‐Si igneous rocks, which are closely associated with alkalic, basaltic dykes, were emplaced at high crustal levels following the peak of the Benambran Orogeny, which deformed and metamorphosed the Wagga Zone in Late Ordovician‐Early Silurian times. These rocks, which are informally termed ‘the Upper Murray high‐Si magmatic suite’, include leucogranites, rhyolite dykes and flows, and ash‐flow tuffs characterised by the following features. They are transitional from mildly peraluminous to mildly metaluminous; they represent relatively anhydrous magmas, in which halides were important volatile constituents; they have high Si, total alkalies, Rb, Th, U, Nb, Sn and heavy rare earth elements; and they are relatively repleted in Mg, Ca, Sr, Eu, V, Cr and Ni. In these respects and in their post‐orogenic setting and close association with alkalic basalts, they resemble many post‐orogenic granitoids from elsewhere. Such granitoids appear to have formed as partial melts during crustal extension following major episodes of deformation and high‐Si magmatism. A residual granulitic crust, from which an earlier generation of granitoid magmas had been extracted, is argued to be the source rock‐type for these post‐orogenic magmas. Tectonic extension, affecting such a crust, was accompanied by deep fracturing and basaltic vol‐canism. Mantle‐derived, CO₂‐ and halide‐rich fluids moved into the residual crust, causing widespread metasomatism, and emplacement of basaltic magma caused temperatures to rise until melting took place and a second group of magmas was produced. This model explains most aspects of the trace and major element chemistry of post‐orogenic, high‐Si igneous rocks and, for the Upper Murray high‐Si suite it also provides an explanation for variations in trace elements and isotopic characteristics. Other processes, such as crystal fractionation, magma mixing, thermogravi‐tational diffusion, and separation and loss of a volatile phase, provide explanations for variations within individual units of the suite, but they do not explain overall variations or the highly fractionated nature of the suite.     

内蒙古中西部宝音图群石榴角闪岩的地球化学、变质作用及年代学特征

宝音图群分布于内蒙古中西部狼山、图古日格和达茂旗一带,主要由云母片岩、石英片岩、石英岩、角闪岩和大理岩组成。在狼山格尔敖包沟和图古日格西南地区发育十分典型的石榴角闪岩,均以似层状或透镜状产自云母片岩中,但两地具有不同的矿物组合,前者主要以石榴石+角闪石+斜长石+含钛矿物（金红石和钛铁矿）为特征,后者主要以石榴石+角闪石+绿帘石+含钛矿物（金红石和钛铁矿）为特征。地球化学研究显示两个地区的石榴角闪岩原岩具有相似的化学组成,均为亚碱性玄武岩的拉斑系列。宝音图群的石榴角闪岩具有右倾的稀土配分模式,REE总量为83.31×10^-6~125.9×10^-6,（La/Yb）_N比值为2.17~6.48,δEu=0.87~0.98。Ta、Nb、Ti没有明显的负异常,其配分型式类似E-MORB特点。微量元素构造判别图解表明这些石榴角闪岩的原岩产于板内拉张环境中。本文通过模拟格尔敖包沟样品LS01和图古日格西南地区样品LS35的P-T视剖面图研究其变质作用及矿物演化过程,结果显示这两个样品均经历了早期进变质,峰期以及峰后近等温减压的顺时针型P-T轨迹。样品LS01的峰期温压条件为~11kbar/~735℃,模拟得到的峰期矿物组合可能为石榴石+角闪石+斜长石+黑云母+透辉石+金红石+熔体,P-M（H₂O）视剖面图显示,由于峰后演化过程中存在饱和流体渗透,导致峰期透辉石无法保留。样品LS35的峰期温度压力条件为~8kbar/675℃,其峰期组合为石榴石+角闪石+绿帘石+金红石。两个地区的石榴角闪岩的温度压力条件明显不同,推测宝音图群中呈透镜体或似层状产出的变质基性岩,存在着递增型的变质作用。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学的研究结果显示石榴角闪岩样品LS01的变质锆石年龄为394±8Ma。由此推测这些石榴角闪岩的原岩可能形成于华北北缘在新元古代发育的裂陷盆地,在泥盆纪中期,宝音图群作为华北克拉通的一部分,被卷入到与古亚洲洋闭合有关的造山过程,发育中压型递增变质作用。

     

Temnospondyls from the Beaufort Group (Karoo Basin) of South Africa and Their Biostratigraphy

The Permo-Triassic Beaufort Group (Karoo Basin) of South Africa is biostratigraphically subdivided into eight, temporally successive assemblage zones based on therapsids (‘mammal-like reptiles’). The Temnospondyli, fossil tetrapods usually regarded as extinct amphibians, are second only to therapsids in terms of diversity and abundance in these strata, with nine higher-level taxa (‘families’) known. Temnospondyls are also playing an increasingly important role in biostratigraphy and correlation of the Beaufort strata. The lower Beaufort Group (Late Permian) contains six of the eight biozones, but only one temnospondyl ‘family’, the Rhinesuchidae, whose record in the Karoo is the richest in the world. However, rhinesuchid taxonomy remains in flux and the group is thus of limited biostratigraphic utility. The Early Triassic Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone (middle Beaufort Group) contains the Rhinesuchidae, Amphibamidae, Lydekkerinidae, Tupilakosauridae, Rhytidosteidae, Mastodonsauridae and Trematosauridae, although the biostratigraphy of temnospondyls within this biozone is poorly constrained. The uppermost reaches of the Lystrosaurus biozone contain a paucity of fossils but includes ‘Kestrosaurus’ (Mastodonsauridae) and ?Trematosuchus (Trematosauridae), taxa previously thought to pertain to the lower part of the overlying Cynognathus biozone. The late Early to Middle Triassic Cynognathus Assemblage Zone (upper Beaufort Group) hosts the Mastodonsauridae, Trematosauridae, Brachyopidae, Laidleriidae and, possibly, the Rhytidosteidae. Based largely on the spatial and temporal distribution of mastodonsaurids, this biozone has been biostratigraphically subdivided into a lower A, middle B and upper C subzones, characterised by differing ages and faunas.