新型复合胶无粘土冲洗液研究及应用

针对松散覆盖层、强风化破碎层取心率低,岩心松散破碎,孔壁稳定性差等问题,进行了以天然植物胶为主原料的处理剂复配改性研究和冲洗液优化配方研究。主要研究方法是通过有机聚合物和无机交联剂的作用,对羟丙基瓜尔胶(GRJ)进行交联改性,以此获得新型复合胶无粘土冲洗液优化配方,并进行了现场应用。应用效果表明,该冲洗液密度低,粘度可调范围大,流变性和润滑性好,成膜护心、护壁作用强,完全满足第四系覆盖层、胶结差的砂卵石层和强风化破碎地层取心钻进要求。      

Diagenetic fluids evolution and genetic mechanism of tight sandstone gas reservoirs in Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Sichuan Basin,China

The reservoirs of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Sichuan Basin have the characteristics of low compositional maturity, low contents of cements and medium textural maturity. The general physical properties of the reservoirs are poor, with low porosity and low permeability, and there are only a few reservoirs with medium porosity and low permeability in local areas. Based on the diagenetic mineral association, a diagenetic sequence of cements is established: early calcites (or micrite siderites) →first quartz overgrowth→chlorite coatings→dissolution of feldspars and debris→chlorite linings→ second quartz overgrowth (quartz widen or filled in remain intergranular pores and solution pores)→dissolution→third quartz overgrowth (quartz filled in intergranular and intragranular solution pores)→intergrowth (ferro) calcites→dolomites→ferro (calcites) dolomites→later dissolution→veins of quartz and calcites formation. Mechanical compaction is the main factor in making the reservoirs tight in the basin, followed by the second and third quartz overgrowth. In a long-term closed system, only feld-spars and some lithic fragments are dissolved by diagenetic fluids, while intergranular cements such as quartz and calcit are not dissolved and thus have little influence on the porosity of the Xujiahe Formation. This is the third factor that may have kept the sandstones of Xujiahe Formation tight finally. The hydrocarbon was extensively generated from organic materials after the second quartz overgrowth, and selectively entered favorable reservoirs to form tight sandstone gas reservoirs.     

Environmental decision-making under uncertainty using intuitionistic fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (IF-AHP)

Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is a utility theory based decision-making technique, which works on a premise that the decision-making of complex problems can be handled by structuring them into simple and comprehensible hierarchical structures. However, AHP involves human subjective evaluation, which introduces vagueness that necessitates the use of decision-making under uncertainty. The vagueness is commonly handled through fuzzy sets theory, by assigning degree of membership. But, the environmental decision-making problem becomes more involved if there is an uncertainty in assigning the membership function (or degree of belief) to fuzzy pairwise comparisons, which is referred to as ambiguity (non-specificity). In this paper, the concept of intuitionistic fuzzy set is applied to AHP, called IF-AHP to handle both vagueness and ambiguity related uncertainties in the environmental decision-making process. The proposed IF-AHP methodology is demonstrated with an illustrative example to select best drilling fluid (mud) for drilling operations under multiple environmental criteria.     

南海西沙海槽S14站位的地球化学异常特征及其意义

西沙海槽具备良好的天然气水合物的形成条件,并已发现与其有关的地球物理标志--模拟海底反射层（BSR）。通过对西沙海槽S14大型活塞站位的孔隙水和沉积物样品进行化学组分、酸解烃和热释光等方面的分析测试,结果发现在海底之下4～5 m区间存在着较明显的高盐高烃异常,其中酸解烃中的甲烷、乙烷、丙烷含量及其热释光值均有所增高,孔隙水中的绝大部分离子及其盐度也存在着明显的升高,这一高盐高烃异常可能是下部与天然气水合物有关的孔隙流体沿着断层向上迁移所致。这些地球化学异常以及模拟海底反射层等地球物理标志显示该站位之下可能存在天然气水合物。     

冀东太平寨-娄子山太古宙麻粒岩相变质峰期流体研究

冀东太平寨-娄子山地区太古宙麻粒岩系变质峰期流体包裹体首次见于夕线石中,按形 态 和产状可分三类,均形成于峰期至其稍后阶段。它们成分相似。特征是:①富碳质,XC　O2+C　H4=0.64～0.93; ②含少量H2O,XH 2O=0～0.22,且与峰期矿物 组合平衡热力学计算的水活度(aH2O=0.04～0.31)和含量( XH2O=0.03～0.22)完全吻合; ③有时含一定量H2S和SO2; ④盐水溶液 中阴离子总量极低(0.12～0.61mol/L)。石英和石榴石中也有特征相同的这期包裹体。峰 期包裹体中C　O 2均一温度多数 为-28℃～-22℃,密度为0.96～1.06g/cm3,包裹体整体密度应稍高,相应的压力为0.60 ～0.70G Pa。流体的氧逸度lgfO2在-17～-15之间。峰期流体上述各种特征在空间上较 均匀,相邻的不同岩石类型中aH2O值相似,结合地质和原岩特 征分析,认为流体中C　O2可能为深部地幔来源,其成因与基性岩浆底侵及其结晶作 用有关。     

白云鄂博富稀土元素碳酸岩墙的 碳和氧同位素特征

重点解剖了一条距白云鄂博超大型REE-Nb-Fe矿床东矿北东方向2 k m、切割白云鄂 博群H1及H3岩性段的细粒方解石碳酸岩岩墙的碳和氧同位素地球化学特征。结果表明,碳酸 岩的碳同位素组成变化范围较小(δ13C值为－6.6‰ ～ －4.6‰),与正常地幔碳δ 13C值－5±2‰一致;而氧同位素组成变化范围较大(δ18O值为11.9‰～17.7‰ ),显著高于地幔的δ18O值5.7±1.0‰,表明碳酸岩浆在结晶过程中或之后曾与 低 温热液流体发生了同位素交换。碳酸岩墙中白云石与方解石之间的碳和氧同位素分馏均小于 0‰,处于不平衡状态,说明该碳酸岩墙中的白云石与方解石并非同成因矿物,白云石可能 为次生成因的。     

大别山双河和碧溪岭超高压变质岩流体包裹体研究

对大别山双河和碧溪岭含柯石英榴岩和硬玉石英岩进行了详细的流体包裹体研究。根据流体包裹体的成分和盐度的不同,可以划分出至少五种类型不同的气液包裹体;（１）Ｎ２包裹体;（３）高盐度流体包裹体;（３）ＣＯ２包裹体;（４）ＣＯ２－Ｈ２Ｏ包裹体;（５）低盐度流体包裹体。本仅见于含柯石英榴辉岩,而高盐度流体包裹体则几乎存在于所有的榴辉岩和硬玉石英岩中。ＣＯ２包裹体沿榴辉岩中微剪切带分布,或存在于强变形的硬玉石     

高盐度,高温和高成矿金属的岩浆成矿流体—以格拉斯伯格Cu—Au矿为例

印度尼西北格拉斯伯格Ｃｕ－Ａｕ矿是与斑状的石英二长岩体有关的斑岩矿床,石英二长岩遭受了钾化为主的们随有绢云图和磁铁矿化的蚀变,Ｃｕ－Ａｕ矿化可分为网脉型和浸染型,以前者为主,含金的黄铜矿石英脉切穿了岩体和钾化蚀变带。本次研究见到四类包裹体,即岩民裹体、含子矿物包裹体、所体包裹体和液体包裹体,与矿化有关的是含子矿物包裹体和气体裹体,这两类包裹体的均一温度从４００℃到〉７００℃,含子包裹体和液体包裹体     

花垣铅锌矿床成矿流体特征及动态

花垣铅锌矿床是近年来发现的产于上寒武统清虚洞组藻灰岩－鲕粒灰岩中的大型密西西比型（ＭＶＴ）铅锌矿床。根据矿床中大量流体包裹体的详细研究,成矿流体为高盐度的低温 水,流体报相组分中,Ｈ２Ｏ占有主要部分,ＣＯ２＋ＣＨ４约为５％,１ｇｆｏ２稳定在－４８．０￣－４９．００之间,ｐＨ为４．３￣５．８,Ｅｈ为－０．０７￣－０．１ｅＶ,此外,流体组分中,钠离子的含量大于甲离子,钙离子大于镁离子,而氯离子大于氟离     

超临界流体热力学函数的理论计算

Ｄｕａｎ等（１９９２。１９９６）基于分子间相互作用势能模型,建立了一个适合于超临界流体的状态方程,此方程能反演出世界上几十个实验室测定的成千上万个纯组分及混合物的ＰＶＴ（压力、体积、温度）数据（温压范围：Ｐ〈２ＧＰａ,Ｔｃ〈Ｔ〈２０００Ｋ）。最近的研究发现,此方程能准确预测Ｈ２Ｏ、ＣＯ２、ＣＨ４、Ｎ２及它们的混合物在Ｔ＝１．３Ｔｃ,Ｐ＝０到Ｔ＝２０００Ｋ,Ｐ＝１０ＧＰａ这一温压范围内的压力、体积、