Investigation of the time variability of diurnal tides and resonant FCN period

The time variability of diurnal tides was investigated by analyzing gravity observations from global superconducting gravimeter (SG) stations with running time intervals. Through least-square and Bayesian approaches, FCN resonance parameters were estimated for each data section after obtaining the tidal parameters of mainly diurnal tidal waves. The correlation of the time variation in diurnal tidal waves and FCN period was discussed. For comparison, a similar method was used to analyze VLBI observations to study the time variability of nutation terms and FCN period. The variation trend of the FCN period totally depends on the Ψ1 wave in tidal gravity and on the retrograde annual term in nutation. We observed a similar variation trend in the FCN periods obtained from different SG stations worldwide and VLBI observations. The relation between diurnal tides and LOD variations is discussed and the possible mechanisms of the decadal variation in FCN periods were discussed.     

武汉台重力潮汐长期观测结果

采用武汉台超导重力仪(SG C032)14年多的长期连续观测资料,研究了固体地球对二阶和三阶引潮力的响应特征,精密测定了重力潮汐参数,系统研究了最新的固体潮模型和海潮模型在中国大陆的有效性.采用最新的8个全球海潮模型计算了海潮负荷效应,从武汉台SG C032的观测中成功分离出63个2阶潮汐波群和15个3阶潮汐波群信号,3阶潮波涵盖了周日、半日和1/3日三个频段.重力潮汐观测的精度非常高,标准偏差达到1.116 nm·s^-2,系统反映了非流体静力平衡、非弹性地球对2阶和3阶引潮力的响应特征.结果表明,现有的武汉国际重力潮汐基准在半日频段非常精确,但在周日频段存在比较明显的偏差,需要进一步精化.对于中国大陆的大地测量观测,固体潮可以采用Dehant等考虑地球内部介质非弹性和非流体静力平衡建立的固体潮理论模型或Xu 等基于全球SG观测建立的重力潮汐全球实验模型作为参考和改正模型,海潮负荷效应应该采用Nao99作为改正模型.     

利用超导重力数据检测日本Mw9.0地震的低频自由振荡及谱线分裂

准确估计低频自由振荡及谱线分裂是约束地球内部结构和改进地球模型的重要手段.本文利用四个不同台站的超导重力观测数据系统研究了日本M_w9.0大地震激发的低于1.5 mHz自由振荡及谱线分裂.研究结果表明:(1)选取适当的数据长度,超导重力观测数据可以检测出低于1.5 mHz除₁S₁以外的所有自由振荡;(2)除₀S₂、₀S₃、₀S₀、₂S₁、₃S₁、₁S₂和₀T₂外,重点探测出₃S₂、₀S₄和₁S₄谱线分裂的所有谱峰;(3)与PREM模型理论频率相比,₀S₀观测频率平均向右偏移0.354×10^-3mHz,说明PREM理论模型中地幔底部参数与真实地球可能存在微小偏差;(4)₃S₂的谱线分裂率r为1.485267,比PREM理论谱线分裂宽度约宽50%,表明PREM中地球内核中部介质参数可能存在一定误差,需要进一步改善.另外,quasi-₀T₂的r为1.254206,比PREM理论谱线分裂宽度约宽25%.     

武汉和京都参站超导重力仪高精度潮汐重力观测结果

利用高精度潮汐重力场观测研究地球物理不和地球动力学问题已成为当今地学工作者的共识。由于某些信号十分微弱且具有区域和全球分布特征,相当一部分信号被混合在常规仪器的观测噪声水平上,因此获得全球分布的第一手高精度观测资料显得尤为重要超导重力仪具有精度高,连续性和稳定性好等特征,期望能在测定区域和全球重力场的精细结构方面发挥重要作用。有１８个台站参加的全球地球动力学合作项目于１９９７年７月份开始实施,其主     

陆态网络连续重力站近期潮汐观测精度讨论

重力潮汐观测在全球潮汐模型的建立、重力扰动信号识别等工作中具有重要作用,而潮汐观测精度是完成这些工作的基础。本文利用中国大陆构造环境监测网络10个重力站3年的重力固体潮数据计算了观测潮汐模型。在与历史已有结果进行比较后,分析了观测潮汐模型精度以及环境对精度的影响。结果表明,10个站观测潮汐模型的M₂波潮汐因子中,误差最优为0.00014,主要潮波平均精度优于0.0010,高于20世纪80～90年代弹簧重力仪0.5～1个数量级,部分站点的精度可达早期超导重力仪水平,而与现代OSG型超导重力仪精度相差0.5～1.0个数量级。利用重力站中最优观测潮汐模型进行潮汐改正,潮汐改正精度指标（DRMS）可达±（0.2～0.3）×10^-8m/s²,稍优于DDW/NHi理论潮汐模型结果（±（0.3～0.6）×10^-8m/s²）。10个重力站均表现出了观测优于理论模型的特点。观测环境和场地的干扰会导致观测潮汐模型的精度下降,部分台站受环境变化和观测系统本身老化等不稳定因素干扰,其观测潮汐模型精度下降。DRMS自（0.1～0.2）×10^-8m/s²增至（1.0～1.7）×10^-8m/s²。     

三峡水库首区重力固体潮观测资料分析

介绍了中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所的LCR-ET20重力仪和中国地震局地震研究所的DZW-9重力仪在三峡水库首区的重力固体潮比对观测.获得了该地区高精度的重力固体潮潮汐参数,估算了DZW-9重力仪的格值,其值为（-756.06plusmn;0.05）times;10-8（mbull;s-2）/v. 分析了相应仪器的重力观测残差, 数值结果表明DZW-9重力仪的长期漂移具有线性特征, 观测精度与LCR-ET20重力仪在同一量级. 本文提供的相关结果可为该地区地表和空间大地测量观测提供有效的重力潮汐改正模型.      

High-frequency parasitic modes of superconducting gravimeters

The superconducting gravimeter (SG) has a long-period instrumental noise called the parasitic mode at periods around 100 s, whose precise mechanism has not yet been identified. In this paper, another instrumental noise is detected at much higher frequencies by analyzing the high-rate gravity channel of two SGs in Japan. This is also a parasitic oscillation, characterized by frequencies on the order of 1 Hz and very high Q values. Detailed spectra indicate that the noise actually consists of two modes with small frequency separations. Based on a simple theory on the rotational motions of the superconducting sphere in the gravity sensor, the observed modes are tentatively identified as rotational oscillations of the sphere about two orthogonal axes in the horizontal plane. Interactions between the parasitic modes are investigated using the spectra acquired on an earthquake, to conclude that the low-frequency parasitic mode is likely to be a rotational motion of the sphere about the vertical axis.     

利用2009年日全食的精细重力观测探寻“引力异常”

日全食期间在是否存在"引力异常"现象是一个关系到引力本质的重大问题,也是一个十分具有现实意义的科学问题.近一个世纪来,许多科学工作者作了大量的观测和实验,研究日全食期间的"引力异常"现象.肯定的、否定的结果并存,更多的是难以确定的结果.在学习、总结和发展了前人工作的基础之上,本文利用7台LaCoste-Romberg重力仪和1台SG-053超导重力仪,对2009年7月22日日全食期间的重力变化进行了精细的观测.研究利用了目前最好的观测环境和观测仪器,无论观测规模还是观测质量在近百年来日全食的重力观测研究中都是首屈一指的.在经过详细的数据处理和图像分析后,可以确定,日全食期间不存在现有观测能力之上的引力异常,以往发现的异常现象受剧烈的气象变化影响可能性极大.另外,在处理重力观测数据时,本文合理的利用了最小二乘多项式拟合法去除理论潮汐值,使计算得以简化,结论更加可靠.     

Detection of small hydrological variations in gravity by repeated observations with relative gravimeters

Recently, a new application of time-dependent gravity observations is emerging: the study of natural hydrological mass changes and their underlying processes. Complementary to GRACE data and continuous recordings with superconducting gravimeters, repeated observations with relative instruments on a local network may contribute to gain additional information on spatial changes in hydrology. The questions that need to be addressed are whether the results of these repeated measurements will be of sufficiently high resolution and accuracy, as well as how unique the information obtained will be. To examine this, a local gravity network with maximum point distances of 65 m was established in a hilly area around the Geodynamic Observatory Moxa, Germany. Using three to five LaCoste & Romberg relative gravimeters repeated measurements were carried out in a seasonal rhythm as well as at particular events like snowmelt or dryness in 17 campaigns between November 2004 and April 2007. The standard deviations obtained by least squares adjustment range from ±9 to ±14 nm/s² for a gravity difference of one campaign, thus for gravity changes between two campaigns from ±13 to ±20 nm/s². Between the points of the network, spatial gravity changes of up to 171 nm/s² (139 nm/s² between two successive campaigns) could be proven significantly. They correlate with changes in the local hydrological situation. Particularly, a steep slope next to the observatory is identified as a gravimetrically significant hydrological compartment. The results obtained contribute to an improved reduction of the local hydrological signal in continuous gravity recordings and provide constraints to hydrological models.     

国际地球动力学合作项目的实施与展望

国际地球物理和大地测量协会(IUGG)下属的地球深部研究(SEDI)小组倡导成立了国际地球动力学合作项目(GGP)。该项目利用全球超导重力仪联合组成观测网络,开展周期为六年的连续观测,规范数据采集系统,进行国际资料交换,利用统一方法处理数据,使它们在地球内部物理学和地球动力学研究中发挥作用。概要综述了GGP的研究内容及实施要点,结合我国实际情况,提出参加GGP项目策略和需解决的主要学科问题。