全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4378篇 |
免费 | 206篇 |
国内免费 | 163篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 2510篇 |
大气科学 | 103篇 |
地球物理 | 260篇 |
地质学 | 619篇 |
海洋学 | 156篇 |
天文学 | 407篇 |
综合类 | 361篇 |
自然地理 | 331篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 8篇 |
2023年 | 22篇 |
2022年 | 77篇 |
2021年 | 104篇 |
2020年 | 128篇 |
2019年 | 127篇 |
2018年 | 75篇 |
2017年 | 204篇 |
2016年 | 199篇 |
2015年 | 176篇 |
2014年 | 224篇 |
2013年 | 322篇 |
2012年 | 294篇 |
2011年 | 268篇 |
2010年 | 190篇 |
2009年 | 217篇 |
2008年 | 261篇 |
2007年 | 280篇 |
2006年 | 235篇 |
2005年 | 191篇 |
2004年 | 170篇 |
2003年 | 142篇 |
2002年 | 127篇 |
2001年 | 122篇 |
2000年 | 94篇 |
1999年 | 99篇 |
1998年 | 56篇 |
1997年 | 53篇 |
1996年 | 43篇 |
1995年 | 45篇 |
1994年 | 39篇 |
1993年 | 33篇 |
1992年 | 19篇 |
1991年 | 21篇 |
1990年 | 15篇 |
1989年 | 24篇 |
1988年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有4747条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
161.
162.
采用了Geodatabase空间数据模型,建立了地理信息数据库,设计了基于地理信息的人员疏散模型。 相似文献
163.
164.
165.
介绍道路交通空间数据WebGIS发布技术研究的必要性。在介绍WebGIS的功能特点的基础上,简要介绍了超图软件SuperMapIS.NET的特性。最后,详细论述了运用SuperMapIS.NET发布交通数据的步骤,并做了简要数据地图的发布实现。 相似文献
166.
The variability of bottom dissolved oxygen (DO) in Long Island Sound, New York, is examined using water quality monitoring data collected by the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection from 1995 to 2004. Self-organizing map analysis indicates that hypoxia always occurs in the Narrows during summer and less frequently in the Western and the Central Basins. The primary factor controlling the bottom DO, changes spatially and temporally. For non-summer seasons, the levels of bottom DO are strongly associated with water temperature, which means DO availability is primarily driven by solubility. During summer, stratification intensifies under weak wind conditions and bottom DO starts to decrease and deviate from the saturation level except for stations in the Eastern Basin. For the westernmost and shallow (<15 m) stations, bottom DO is correlated with the density stratification (represented by difference between surface and bottom density). In contrast, at deep stations (>20 m), the relationship between oxygen depletion and stratification is not significant. For stations located west of the Central Basin, bottom DO continues to decrease during summer until it reaches its minimum when bottom temperature is around 19–20 °C. In most cases the recovery to saturation levels at the beginning of fall is fast, but not necessarily associated with increased wind mixing. Therefore, we propose that the DO recovery may be a manifestation of either the reduced microbial activity combined with the depletion of organic matter or horizontal exchange. Hypoxic volume is weakly correlated to the summer wind speed, spring total nitrogen, spring chlorophyll a, and maximum river discharge. When all variables are combined in a multiple regression, the coefficient of determination (r2) is 0.92. Surprisingly, the weakest variable is the total nitrogen, because when it is excluded the coefficient r2 only drops to 0.84. Spring bloom seems to be an important source of organic carbon pool and biological uptake of oxygen plays a more crucial role in the seasonal evolution of bottom DO than previously thought. Our results indicate that the reassessment phase of the Long Island Sound Total Maximum Daily Load policy on nitrogen loading will most likely fail, because it ignores the contributions of the spring organic carbon pool and river discharge. Also, it is questionable whether the goal of 58.5% anthropogenic nitrogen load reduction is enough. 相似文献
167.
168.
The geological-geophysical map series of the eastern China seas and adjacent region (1:1 000 000) will be published in the late half year of 2009. The regional tectonic map is one of the main professional maps. The Mapping methods, the division method of geological tectonic units and the main geological tectonic units are mainly discussed. The strata from Pliocene to Holocene are peeled off so as to display the Pre-Pliocene structures. In basins, isopaches are drawn for the Cenozoic deposits. The plate tectonic theory and present tectonic pattern are adopted as the priorities in tectonic division. As to the division of intraplate tectonic units, it is a revision, complement and improvement of previous dividing systems, and the nomenclature for each tectonic unit follows the current system in China. The first-order tectonic unit is plate (Pacific Plate, Eurasian Plate and Philippine Sea Plate). The second-order tectonic unit is tectonic domain (East Asian continental tectonic domain,East Asian continental margin tectonic domain and west Pacific tectonic domain). The Philippine Sea Plate and the west part of the Pacific Plate are called the West Pacific tectonic domain. The part of the Eurasian Plate involved in this study area can be further divided into East Asian continental tectonic domain and East Asian continental margin tectonic domain. The East Asian continental margin domain is composed of the Ryukyu island arc, the Okinawa Trough back-arc basin and the back-arc basin of Sea of Japan. The East Asian continental tectonic domain in this study area is composed of the Sino-Korea Massif, the Changjiang River (Yangtze) Massif and South China Massif. In turn, these massifs consist of basins, folded belts or uplift zones. The basins,the folded belts or the uplift zones are further divided into uplifts and depressions made up of sags and swells. 相似文献
169.
CHEN Yongliang Comprehensive Information Institute of Mineral Resources Prediction Jilin University Changchun China 《东北亚地学研究》2009,12(1):46-56
An extended self-organizing map for supervised classification is proposed in this paper. Unlike other traditional SOMs, the model has an input layer, a Kohonen layer, and an output layer. The number of neurons in the input layer depends on the dimensionality of input patterns. The number of neurons in the output layer equals the number of the desired classes. The number of neurons in the Kohonen layer may be a few to several thousands, which depends on the complexity of classification problems and the classification precision. Each training sample is expressed by a pair of vectors : an input vector and a class codebook vector. When a training sample is input into the model, Kohonen's competitive learning rule is applied to selecting the winning neuron from the Kohouen layer and the weight coefficients connecting all the neurons in the input layer with both the winning neuron and its neighbors in the Kohonen layer are modified to be closer to the input vector, and those connecting all the neurons around the winning neuron within a certain diameter in the Kohonen layer with all the neurons in the output layer are adjusted to be closer to the class codebook vector. If the number of training sam- ples is sufficiently large and the learning epochs iterate enough times, the model will be able to serve as a supervised classifier. The model has been tentatively applied to the supervised classification of multispectral remotely sensed data. The author compared the performances of the extended SOM and BPN in remotely sensed data classification. The investigation manifests that the extended SOM is feasible for supervised classification. 相似文献
170.
面向汉语的自然语言路径描述方法 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
自然语言路径描述是运用日常生活中人们习惯的语言方式和思维方式来表达路径信息的。而可视化描述和自然语言描述相结合,可以使电子地图向用户提供图文并茂的路径查询服务。目前,电子地图在移动设备和Internet日益普及,自然语言路径描述成为电子地图大众化和人性化服务的重要标志之一。因此,路径描述中需要重点解决空间关系的自然语言描述问题。自然语言中空间关系描述的语言特征与心理学和认知语言学有着非常密切的关系。本文描述了针对汉语的路径描述词汇库的结构与内容,并根据汉语特点设计了路径描述的单元和复合句法模式,以解决词汇受限和句法模式单一的问题,提出了道路名称、沿途标志性地物和方向判断等路径描述补充信息的获取方法,以增加路径描述的可理解性。并以南京市电子地图为例,开发了电子地图查询原型系统。该系统能够在地图上可视化显示最短路径的同时,自动生成该路径的自然语言描述。 相似文献