Isla San Pedro Nolasco as a Late Miocene intrusive record at the eastern margin of the Gulf of California: Insights from geological,geochemical and geochronological studies

Isla San Pedro Nolasco (ISPN) is a structural high bounded by inactive dextral oblique-slip faults in the east-central part of the Gulf of California rift zone and is composed of intrusive rocks not exposed on other Gulf of California islands. Here we present the reconnaissance results from geological mapping, as well as first geochemical and geochronological data for the ISPN intrusive complex. The intrusive rocks compose a sheet-like body of intermediate and felsic composition intruded by an intermediate and acidic dike swarm. All intrusive rocks (host and dikes) range in age from ca. 9 Ma to 10 Ma (⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar) and show a hydrous ferromagnesian mineral association (amphibole and biotite) with a calc-alkalic and transitional affinity. This hydrated mineralogical association has not been recognized in the coeval rocks along the onshore western margin of the North American plate (coastal Sonora). However, such hydrous mineralogical association is found in the coeval rift transitional volcanic rocks from the Baja California Microplate at Santa Rosalía and Bahía de Los Ángeles – Bahía de Las Ánimas. The ISPN continental block, at least 40 km long, has been pulled apart by transtensional faulting of the late Miocene Gulf of California shear zone before the westward migration of the North America-Pacific plate boundary at ca. 3–2 Ma. Eventually, ISPN became isolated as an island during the late Miocene flooding of the Gulf of California seaway.     

长江中下游贵池李湾铜多金属矿区岩浆岩年代学及Hf同位素地球化学研究

李湾铜多金属矿位于长江中下游成矿带安庆-贵池矿集区,与矿区岩浆岩有密切的成因联系,是一个典型的矽卡岩型矿床。该区侵入岩主要由钾长花岗岩、闪长岩等组成,总体上具有较高的总碱(K2O+Na2O)和K2O含量,低MgO、TiO 2和P2O5含量,富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Th、U)和高场强元素(Zr、Hf、Nb和Y),亏损Ba、P、Ti,轻稀土富集、亏损重稀土等地球化学特征。通过对闪长岩和钾长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明,前者形成于123.4±2.4Ma,后者形成于122.6±1.3Ma,这与长江中下游125±5Ma岩浆活动及成矿事件一致。两者的锆石稀土元素配分均显示典型的轻稀土亏损、重稀土富集,Ce正异常、Eu负异常特征。前者相对后者锆石的Ce4+/Ce3+要高,其均值为345,显示其具有相对较高的氧逸度;锆石Ti温度计计算显示两者形成温度大体一致,为703~748℃范围内。同时钾长花岗岩锆石均具有均一的Hf同位素组成,εHf(t)均值为-4.7,二阶段模式年龄为1118~1356Ma,较高的εHf(t)值,指示源区可能有地幔物质的贡献。结合区域地质背景,我们认为该区闪长岩可能是板块后撤过程中残留的洋壳与地幔物质的混合,而附近的钾长花岗岩则是陆壳部分熔融与地幔混溶的结果,两者均位于太平洋板块125Ma前后俯冲后撤形成的拉张背景中。     

顶管工作坑可拆卸支护型式设计研究

介绍了顶管工作坑施工中可拆卸支护型式主要组成要素,包括竖向空心立柱和厚度不一的特制板材两大部分。其中竖向立柱可以通过传力装置、气锤或是小型钻机成孔的方式埋设到预计深度,通过分层开挖的型式逐层铺设特制板材进行支护。详细阐述了支护型式的结构型式、工作原理、施工工艺和设计理论。并结合工程实例,叙述其设计流程,根据实际计算值验证立柱刚度选择的可行性及特质板材尺寸设计的合理性,避免传统施工工艺复杂的现状,达到节约工程材料、提高施工效率、降低工程成本的目的。     

印度洋构造过程重建与成矿模式:西南印度洋洋中脊的启示

印度洋经历过复杂的构造演化,其中3次重大的三联点和洋中脊跃迁、板块重组对印度洋现今构造格局的形成具有重要影响。本文基于Gplates板块重建技术和古水深数据,并融合前人热点和年代学研究结果,重点探讨了120 Ma、90 Ma、84 Ma、65 Ma、40 Ma、24 Ma和15 Ma发生在印度洋的重大构造事件,讨论了这些构造事件在西南印度洋超慢速扩张脊构造特征上的关联,探讨了西南印度洋不同演化阶段的两种海底热液成矿模式,即早期热点-洋中脊相互作用相关的热点成矿模式和后期海洋核杂岩相关的湿点成矿模式。     

南海西南部巽他陆架底层冷水及其季节变化分析

本文利用历史水文观测数据研究了南海西南部巽他陆架水团特征,结果表明:(1)巽他陆架纳土纳群岛周围底层存在着低温高盐的冷水,该冷水沿地形爬升分为两支,一支可延伸至泰国湾,另一支伸向卡里马塔海峡;(2)巽他陆架底层冷水有明显的季节变化,该底层冷水在春季开始形成,夏季达到最强,秋季开始衰退,最后在冬季完全消失;(3)巽他陆架底层冷水来源于南海次表层水的涌升。夏季西南季风使陆架表层水向南海流动,有利于南海次表层低温高盐水沿地形向陆架爬升,此时底层冷水与表层水温差超过8°C。冬季东北季风,使南海表层水向陆架流动,海水在陆架堆积,从而阻止了南海次表层低温高盐水的爬升。     

Constraining Fluid and Sediment Contributions to Subduction-Related Magmatism in Indonesia: Ijen Volcanic Complex

Ijen Volcanic Complex (IVC) in East Java, Indonesia is situatedon thickened oceanic crust within the Quaternary volcanic frontof the Sunda arc. The 20 km wide calderas complex contains around22 post-caldera eruptive centres, positioned either around thecaldera-rim (CR) or along a roughly NE–SW lineament insidethe caldera (IC). The CR and IC lavas exhibit separate differentiationhistories. Major element and trace element modelling shows thatfractionation of olivine, clinopyroxene, Fe–Ti oxide ±plagioclase is important in the CR group, whereas plagioclaseis the dominant fractionating mineral in the same assemblagefor the IC group. Spatial controls on magmatic differentiationhighlight important structural controls on magma storage andascent at IVC. Mantle-like ¹⁸O values, restricted ranges inSr, Nd and Hf isotope ratios, and a lack of correlation betweenisotope ratios and indices of differentiation in IVC lavas areconsistent with magmatic evolution through fractional crystallization.Furthermore, the small ranges in isotopic ratios throughoutthe complex indicate little heterogeneity in the mantle. IVClavas possess higher ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf and ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd isotope ratiosthan other volcanoes of Java, representing the least contaminatedsource so far analysed and, therefore, give the best estimateyet of the pre-subduction mantle wedge isotopic compositionbeneath Java. Trace element and radiogenic isotope data areconsistent with a two-stage, three-component petrogenetic modelfor IVC, whereby an Indian-type mid-ocean ridge basalt (I-MORB)-likefertile mantle wedge is first infiltrated by a small percentageof fluid, sourced from the altered oceanic crust, prior to additionof <1% Indian Ocean sediment dominated by pelagic material. KEY WORDS: differentiation; geochemistry; source components; Sr, Nd, Hf and O isotopes; Sunda arc     

菲律宾海板块与欧亚板块的相互作用及其对东亚构造运动的影响

根据菲律宾海的演化,指出菲律宾海板块的特点:以俯冲边界为主,易于产生形变.将理论结果与地球物理、地质以及GPS测量结果进行比较,发现菲律宾海板块内部及边界有明显形变.讨论了菲律宾海板块与欧亚板块的相互作用,指出其相互作用有明显的分段性.在南海海槽一带有较强的挤压,在琉球海沟一带由于两板块耦合较弱及冲绳海槽的开裂,没有形成对东亚大陆的挤压;台湾附近两板块碰撞,对中国东南形成较强的挤压;在菲律宾群岛一带形成两板块间的复杂变形带,使两板块间的作用减弱.     

CGCS2000板块运动模型建立方法研究

使用国家级CORS站数据,建立了CGCS2000板块运动模型,该模型可以提供高精度的速度场,实现2000历元至当前历元的点位的归算。     

负浮力是板块运动的驱动力吗?关于岩石断裂力学的讨论

本文从岩石断裂力学的角度,讨论了俯冲板块下拉牵引力(负浮力)作为板块运动初始驱动力的可能性。笔者总结已发表的岩石抗张强度的岩石力学实验结果,并和现在普遍认为的负浮力的数量级进行对比分析,结果表明大洋岩石圈上部岩石强度较低,仅有n×10 MPa。虽然随着温度和压力的增加岩石圈的强度不断增强,但是在板块俯冲的初始阶段,大洋岩石圈可能无法承受拖曳板块运动高达n×10² MPa的应力。此外,构造模拟、热开裂、疲劳断裂、俯冲挠曲、俯冲脱水以及熔融作用等地质现象的分析,也表明俯冲板块的负浮力作为板块运动初始驱动力是不符合客观事实的。     

周向应力在地壳运动中的作用

地壳运动的驱动力一直存在争议。目前虽然提出了很多假说,但这些假说所描述的驱动力数量级均较小,不足以推动地壳运动;另外,大量实际地应力测量表明,水平主压应力在三个地应力分量中最大,被看作地壳“异常”压力,其机理也没有统一的认识。因此,有必要弄清楚地壳运动的动力来源是什么及为什么会出现这种水平应力占主导的现象。受背斜构造或石拱桥的侧向支撑的启发,通过地球模型受力分析得出,地壳作为球壳在自重下会相互挤压,在圆周方向产生很强的周向应力。周向应力大于重力,且由重力派生,和实测的地应力特征是一致的。推测该应力在20 km深处约为900 MPa,足以驱动板块运动(>500 MPa)。因软流圈是可流动的,其上面的岩石圈只要存在薄弱带,该应力就会释放,板块之间从而产生相对运动。整个洋壳和拱桥类似,在该力的作用下,会在俯冲带处下插至陆壳深部,俯冲带就是岩石圈的薄弱区,它因此会承担部分甚至全部洋壳的重量。最后提出,没有独立于重力的、可独立起作用的构造力或碰撞力,周向应力是地壳运动的唯一具有足够数量级的驱动力。