造山作用的两大类型与成因差异

根据造山作用的主要标志识别出板内造山和板缘造山两种主要造山作用类型。板块和软流圈之间不同的相对运动机制是形成不同类型造山作用的主要原因。板缘造山主要表现为岩石圈和软流圈以基本相同的运动趋势的相对运动。板内造山主要表现为同一区域内岩石圈、软流圈等不同层圈之间的不协调的相对运动。     

基于全球板块运动模型分析大西洋扩张变化

基于现代空间测量技术SLR、VLBI和GPS实测资料，解算出大西洋中脊海底扩张速率，其中北大西洋的东西向扩张速率平均为35mm/a，赤道大西洋东西向扩张速度分别为20－25mm/a，南大西洋东西向扩张速率为22－28mm/a，证实全球板块运动的存在及大西洋扩张学说，并基于全球几百万年地质模型NNR－NUVEL1A，北大西洋的东西向扩张速率平均为24．3mm/a，基于最新全球板块运动模型ITRF2000VEL，北大西洋的东西向扩张速率平均为20．8mm/a，总体上大西洋实测东西扩张速度与根据地学资料推出的地球板块运动模型和最新ITRF2000VEL模型的结果基本一致。     

Recent Geodetic Results in the Azores Triple Junction Region

—GPS (Global Positioning System) observations started to be carried out in the Azores region under the scope of the TANGO (TransAtlantic Network for Geodesy and Oceanography) project in 1988. The measurements carried out between 1993 and 2000 (five campaigns) on nine GPS sites (one per island) were reprocessed using two state–of–the-art software packages. Different methodologies were applied to compute each campaign solution and the derived velocity field. The velocity fields, including the motions of two permanent stations, recently installed in the Azores, were computed within the most recent geodetic reference frame, ITRF2000 (International Terrestrial Reference Frame, solution 2000). They are compared with the motions of the stable rigid tectonic plates using as reference DEOS2k, a global tectonic model developed using geodetic data. The relative motions between the Western and Central groups of islands yield to evaluate the opening rate of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (boundary between the North American plate and the Eurasian and African plates). Concerning the boundary between the Eurasian and African plates, the motion of the TANGO sites in the Central and Eastern groups clearly identifies the transition pattern between those two plates. Two of the sites are considered to be located in the stable part of these plates, whereas the remaining five are within the deformation region of the Eurasia-Africa boundary. The conclusions are analyzed in view of the different deformation models, derived from geodynamic or geophysical data that have been proposed for the region.     

Middle Miocene to present plate tectonic history of the southern Central American Volcanic Arc

New mid Miocene to present plate tectonic reconstructions of the southern Central American Volcanic Arc (CAVA) reveal that the inception of Cocos Ridge subduction began no earlier than 3 Ma, and possibly as late as 2 Ma. The Cocos Ridge has been displaced from the Malpelo Ridge to the southeast since 9 Ma along the Panama Fracture Zone (PFZ) system. Ambiguous PFZ and Coiba Fracture Zone (CFZ) interaction since 9 Ma precludes conclusively establishing the age of initial Cocos Ridge subduction. Detailed reconstructions based on magnetic anomalies offshore reveal several other variations in subduction parameters beneath southern Central America that preceded subduction of the Cocos Ridge, including southeastward migration of the Nazca–Cocos–Caribbean triple junction along the Middle America Trench (MAT) from 12 Ma to present, and subduction of ≤2 km high scarps both parallel and perpendicular to the trench from 6 to 1 Ma.The timing of changes in subduction processes has commonly been determined by (and correlated with) geologic changes in the upper plate. However, reliable ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating of these events has become available only recently [Abstr. Programs-Geol. Soc. Am. (2002)]. These new dates better constrain the magmatic and structural history of southern Costa Rica. Observations from this data set include: a gap in the volcanic record from 11 to 6 Ma, which coincides temporally with emplacement of most plutons in southern Costa Rica, normal arc volcanism ceased after 3.5 Ma in southern Costa Rica, and Pliocene (mostly 1.5 Ma) adakite volcanism was widely distributed from central Panama to southern Costa Rica (though volumetrically insignificant).This new data reveals that many geologic phenomena, commonly attributed to subduction and underplating of the buoyant Cocos Ridge, in fact precede inception of Cocos Ridge subduction and seem to correlate more favorably in time with earlier tectonic events. Adakite volcanic activity corresponds in space and time with the subduction of a large scarp associated with a tectonic boundary off southern Panama. Regional unconformities and an 11–6 Ma gap in arc volcanism match temporally with oblique subduction of the Nazca plate beneath central and southern Costa Rica. Cessation of volcanic activity, low-temperature cooling of plutons in the Cordillera de Talamanca (CT), and rapid increases in sedimentation in the fore-arc and back-arc basins coincide with passage of the Nazca–Cocos–Caribbean triple junction and initiation of subduction of “rough” crust associated with Cocos–Nazca rifting 3.5 Ma, closely followed by initial subduction of the Cocos Ridge 2–3 Ma. None of the aforementioned geologic events occurred at a time that would allow for underplating by the Cocos Ridge. Rather they are probably related to complex interactions with subduction of complicated plates offshore. All of the aforementioned events indicate that the southern Central American subduction system has been in flux since at least 12 Ma.     

单桩极限承载力实例分析灰色预测

该文简要介绍了GM(1，1)模型的建模及精度检验方法。依据单桩载荷试验中桩顶沉降随荷载变化的特征，建立了单桩极限承载力的预测模型，并通过工程实例对单桩极限承载力进行了灰色预测。     

螺旋板载荷试验资料整理若干问题探讨

螺旋板载荷试验对获取地下水位以下土层的工程参数具有无可比拟的优势 ,但在试验资料的整理分析方面 ,尚有若干问题需要解决。在大量试验的基础上 ,对这些问题进行了有益的探讨。     

大别-苏鲁造山带大理岩中榴辉岩包体的锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

大别-苏鲁造山带大理岩中榴辉岩包体的锆石有两种类型，为变质增生锆石和变质重结晶的残留碎屑锆石。变质增生锆石和完全变质重结晶锆石都具有较低的U、Th含量和Th/U比值，且给出两组变质年龄，分别为240.9±4.8~25.1±3.1 Ma和223.7±4.2~226.0±3.9 Ma。年龄为240.9±4.8~245.1±3.1 Ma的变质锆石的生长对应于板块俯冲过程中高压榴辉岩相变质作用期间的流体活动，而223.7±4.2~226.0±3.9 Ma的变质锆石的生长可能对应了板块折返早期的流体活动。这些年龄同样可以很好地用来限定其寄主大理岩的变质演化历史。     

地幔柱假说及地质意义

文章介绍了地幔柱理论研究的一系列进展,诸如地幔柱特征、动力学模式及其地质意义.在重力分异过程中,随着地球质量不断向地心集中,地球自转动能也不断向地核集中,从而产生圈层分化和差异旋转.地核相对地壳、地幔高速旋转,具有巨大动能,旋转阻力不断将其转化为热能,在核幔边界聚积起来,为液核对流和热幔柱提供足够的能量.核幔边界是产生热幔柱的位置.阐明了地幔柱构造与板块构造的关系.地幔柱理论涉及地幔深部物质垂直运动的机制,对了解地球深部动力学机制有重大意义.     

X形和三角形钢板阻尼器的阻尼力模型（Ⅱ）——基于R-0本构关系

利用软钢的Ramberg-Osgood本构关系(R-O模型)，依据经典力学原理推导建立了X形和三角形钢板阻尼器的阻尼力滞回模型。首先，给出了循环加载下软钢材料的应力-应变R-O本构关系；其次，推导建立了基于R-O本构关系的钢板阻尼器的阻尼力模型；最后，将该阻尼力模型及其参数与试验结果和双线性强化模型进行了比较，验证了R-O理论模型的有效性，并分析了误差存在的原因。