新疆南天山构造格架及构造演化

南天山碰撞造山带位于西伯利亚与塔里木地块之间的北亚造山区南部的天山造山系的中南部,是塔里木地块与哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔地块之间的一条构造带,地理上由哈尔克山、额尔宾山、虎拉山等组成,地质上主要由古生代地质体组成,其南北两侧均为活动陆缘,中间由洋壳残片、洋岛和增生杂岩组成,是南天山古生代洋盆演化的产物。南天山古洋盆从震旦纪裂解,寒武纪持续扩张,奥陶纪—石炭纪向南北两侧俯冲闭合,至二叠纪南天山造山带进入后造山调整阶段。     

钦-杭结合带在中生代构造转折事件以前的板块构造机制

钦州湾—杭州湾结合带是位于扬子与华夏两大古陆块中间的巨型构造结合带,在演化成西太平洋活动大陆边缘之前,经历了多期次的构造-岩浆事件。扬子和华夏板块于新元古代通过四堡造山运动(1 000~880 Ma)沿江山—绍兴断裂,经赣东北、湘中至钦州湾地区发生碰撞-拼合事件,拼合界线大致位于钦州湾—杭州湾结合带内,形成"两陆夹一盆"的主要格局。后碰撞过程经历了造山后岩浆活动和大陆拉张裂解两个过程,在结合带形成广阔的拉张盆地,加里东期(460~410 Ma)以及印支期(250~200 Ma)发生的碰撞-拼合事件导致扬子和华夏地块多次再造,引发强烈的构造-岩浆活动,并形成了华南统一的沉积环境。受西太平洋板块俯冲影响,华南地区中生代构造转折事件(125~140 Ma)使华南地区主要构造背景由碰撞挤压调整为岩石圈减薄,成为华南最重要的岩浆活动和成矿期。根据内部结构的不均一性和演化历史差异,钦州湾—杭州湾结合带可分为北段、中段和南段3段。其中,中段与传统南岭大体一致;北段为南岭以北地区,即绍兴—江山—萍乡一带;南段为南岭以南地区,大致与云开隆起—十万大山盆地相当。年代学和地球化学研究显示,在云开地块西缘的一系列变质基性岩、超基性岩和变质基性火山岩形成于新元古代洋中脊(MORB)或者岛弧(ITA)特征的构造环境,最近在岑溪一带发现形成于加里东期(441 Ma)的变质火山岩同样具有MORB型地球化学特征。在十万大山两侧发现早中生代的酸性火山岩和流纹岩具有典型岛弧型火山岩地球化学特征。可见结合带南段曾经存在古老洋壳,先后经历了新元古代、加里东期和印支期的碰撞造山事件,与北段演化历史具有一致性。     

基于Biot-Gassmann 方程的流体替换技术在番禺天然气区PY 气田的应用

珠江口盆地番禺天然气区PY 气田位于坡折带上,特殊的沉积环境导致该气田已钻探的各井 T50 储层泊松比关系异常,含油气性特征非常复杂。为更好的判断储层的含油气性,利用Biot-Gassmann 方程对坡折带储层的流体性质进行了替换,考查不同流体性质下储层的含油气响应特征。研究结果表明: Biot-Gassmann 方程能有效的用于坡折带储层的流体替换研究; 坡折带T50 储层含水和含气时的AVO 响应特征相近,但两者响应的幅值不同,含水砂岩的幅值更小。     

Crustal structure of Dabieshan orogenic belt

The crustal structures ofP velocity and density on the deep seismic sounding profile across the Ilabieshan orogenic belt are presented. There is a 5-km-thick crustal “root” between the Yuexi and Xiaotian where the elevation is highest on the profile. An apparent Moho offset of 4. 5 km beneath the Xiaotian-Mozitan fault marks the paleo-suture of the Triassic collision. A high-velocity anomaly zone at the depth below 3 km beneath the ultra-high pressure (UHP) zone may be correlated to the higher content of UHP metamorphic rocks. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Joint Earthquake Science Foundation.     

双层打包带加固窗间墙抗震性能试验研究

地震时砌体结构窗间墙易发生破坏,为了提高其抗震性能,对高宽比为1的2组共4片墙体,其中:2片为双层打包带加固墙体,2片为原墙,进行了拟静力试验,研究墙体的破坏形态、水平承载力、滞回曲线和耗能等抗震性能。试验发现原墙发生剪切破坏,加固后墙体发生摇摆破坏,加固改变了墙体破坏模式,加固后墙体滞回曲线饱满但有捏笼,破坏荷载、延性和耗能能力都有提高,破坏时未发生剥离,表明双层打包带加固法有效地提高了窗间墙体抗震性能,对承受较大竖向应力墙体效果更好,建议加固时要加强加固层与窗下和窗上墙体的连接。     

下扬子地区中-新生代的挤压变形与伸展改造及其油气勘探意义

以地表变形特征、地层厚度变化和地震剖面为约束,构建了贯穿下扬子地区主要构造单元的三条地质大剖面。剖面展示了研究区早期褶皱逆冲、晚期伸展断陷的构造格局,并揭示了变形的空间差异。通过对褶皱卷入的层位、断层与地层的切割关系及不整合类型和发育特征的梳理,得出研究区北侧的褶皱逆冲主要形成于中-晚三叠世,南侧的褶皱逆冲主要形成 于中-晚侏罗世。两侧的挤压构造在晚白垩世开始都经历了强烈的拉张作用,北侧的断陷一直持续到古近纪,新近纪以拗陷为主,而南侧古近纪断陷规模较小,新近纪拗陷不发育。苏州-无锡地区的下古生界受后期改造作用较弱,是油气勘探的有利地区。     

江西省会昌县淘锡坝大型锡矿床构造控矿机制探讨

淘锡坝锡矿床是近年探明储量达大型的锡矿床,是一种新的锡矿类型-隐爆层间裂隙带型。文章介绍了该矿床的地质特征和矿化特征,对矿区的构造进行了重点解剖,对构造控矿机理进行了探讨,提出火山机构及北东向断裂是矿区的控岩构造,控制了白垩纪成矿花岗岩体的侵入就位。而火山岩中大范围的隐爆层间裂隙带是良好的容矿构造,矿体赋存其中呈似层状,局部膨大形成厚达数十米的＂锡矿包＂。通过研究构造与矿化富集的内在联系,总结了该矿床的成矿规律。     

大别山前寒武纪变质地体基本组成

本文以新城－圻春断裂为界将大别山前寒武纪变质地体划分为华北陆块南缘和场子陆块北缘两个次级变质地体，两个次级地体不仅在地球物理，构造变形方面明显不同，而且在物质成分上有显著差异，它们有各自独立的变质地层系统，遭受了不同类型的变质作用，有完全不同的岩浆活动图象，上述差异均可指示华北，扬子两古陆碰掸对接时扬子陆块北缘向北俯冲至华北陆块南缘之下，这可能包括两次合作用，从元古代开始至中生代最终结束的长期复杂     

Accretion and exhumation at a Variscan active margin, recorded in the Saxothuringian flysch

The Saxothuringian flysch basin, on the north flank of the Central European Variscides, was fed and eventually overthrust by the northwestern, active margin of the Tepla-Barrandian terrane. Clast spectra, mineral composition and isotopic ages of detrital mica and zircon have been analyzed in order to constrain accretion and exhumation of rocks in the orogenic wedge. The earliest clastic sediments preserved are of early Famennian age (ca. 370?Ma). They are exposed immediately to the NW of the suture, and belong to the par-autochthon of the foreland. Besides ultramafic (?ophiolite) material, these rocks contain clasts derived from Early Paleozoic continental slope sediments, originally deposited at the NW margin of the Saxothuringian basin. These findings, together with the paleogeographic position of the Famennian clastics debris on the northwestern passive margin, indicate that the Saxothuringian narrow ocean had been closed by that time. Microprobe analyses of detrital hornblendes suggest derivation from the “Randamphibolit” unit, now present in the middle part of the Saxothuringian allochthon (Münchberg nappes). Detrital zircons of metamorphic rocks formed a little earlier (ca. 380?Ma) indicate rapid recycling at the tectonic front. The middle part of the flysch sequence (ca. early to middle Viséan), both in the par-autochthon and in the allochthon, contains abundant clasts of Paleozoic rocks derived from the northwestern slope and rise, together with debris of Cadomian basement, 500-Ma granitoids and 380?Ma (early Variscan) crystalline rocks. All of these source rocks were still available in the youngest part of the flysch (c. middle to late Viséan), but some clasts record, in addition, accretion of the northwestern shelf. Our findings permit deduction of minimum rates of tectonic shortening well in excess of 10–30?mm per year, and rates of exhumation of ca. 3?mm/a, and possibly more.