地球化学组成揭示的杜蒙沙地化学风化和沉积再循环特征及其对风尘物质贡献的指示

对杜蒙沙地的河流冲积砂、河漫滩泥质粉砂、沙质古土壤和风成沙等不同类型沉积物进行了采样（27组）,对这些样品的细颗粒组分（<63 μm）进行了常量元素、微量元素、稀土元素（REE）和Sr-Nd同位素比值等地球化学分析,就杜蒙沙地的化学风化、沉积再循环特征及其对风尘物质的贡献等展开了讨论。结果显示,杜蒙沙地的地球化学组成表现出空间的均一性,低的化学蚀变指数CIA（48~56,平均52）及A-CN-K和A-CNK-FM图解均表明了杜蒙沙地仅遭受了低级的化学风化程度。沙地的成分成熟度较低,大部分河流沉积物表现出初次循环沉积特征,系大兴安岭东侧中酸性岩浆母岩风化剥蚀的产物经嫩江搬运堆积形成;古土壤表现出与河流沉积物相同的初次循环特征,表明古土壤的成土母质是河流沉积物,这与野外地层出露情况一致;风成沙表现出再循环沉积特征,系河流沉积物就地起沙搬运堆积形成。不活动元素比值、REE和Sr-Nd同位素比值等物源判别图解,结合植被和地貌状况,一致表明杜蒙沙地与东北平原中东部的风尘物质没有地球化学亲缘关系,其对该地区（甚至下风向更远地区）的大气风尘的贡献很小。     

Sulfur redox reactions: Hydrocarbons,native sulfur,Mississippi Valley-type deposits,and sulfuric acid karst in the Delaware Basin,New Mexico and Texas

Hydrocarbons, native sulfur, Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) deposits, and sulfuric acid karst in the Delaware Basin, southeastern New Mexico, and west Texas, USA, are all genetically related through a series of sulfur redox reactions. The relationship began with hydrocarbons in the basin that reacted with sulfate ions from evaporite rock to produce isotopically light ( ³⁴S = -22 to -12) H₂S and bioepigenetic limestone (castiles). This light H₂S was then oxidized at the redox interface to produce economic native sulfur deposits ( ³⁴S = -15 to +9) in the castiles, paleokarst, and along graben-boundary faults. This isotopically light H₂S also migrated from the basin into its margins to accumulate in structural (anticlinal) and stratigraphic (Yates siltstone) traps, where it formed MVT deposits within the zone of reduction ( ³⁴S = -15 to +7). Later in time, in th zone of oxidation, this H₂S reacted with oxygenated water to produce sulfuric acid, which dissolved the caves (e.g., Carlsbad Cavern and Lechuguilla Cave, Guadalupe Mountains). Massive gypsum blocks on the floors of the caves ( ³⁴S = -25 to +4) were formed as a result of this reaction. The H₂S also produced istopically light cave sulfur ( ³⁴S = -24 to -15), which is now slowly oxidizing to gypsum in the presence of vadose drip water.     

Mechanism of Hg(II) immobilization in sediments by sulfate-cement amendment

Reactive amendments such as Portland and super-sulfate cements offer a promising technology for immobilizing metalloid contaminants such as mercury (Hg) in soils and sediments through sequestration in less bioavailable solid forms. Tidal marsh sediments were reacted with dissolved Hg(II) in synthetic seawater and fresh water solutions, treated with Portland cement and FeSO₄ amendment, and aged for up to 90 days. Reacted solids were analyzed with bulk sequential extraction methods and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron microscopy, and synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Hg L_III- and S K-edge. In amended sediments, XRD, SEM and sulfur K-edge XANES indicated formation of gypsum in seawater experiments or ettringite-type (Ca₆Al₂(SO₄)₃(OH)₁₂^.26H₂O) phases in fresh water experiments, depending on the final solution pH (seawater ∼8.5; freshwater ∼10.5). Analysis of Hg EXAFS spectra showed Cl and Hg ligands in the first- and second-coordination shells at distances characteristic of a polynuclear chloromercury(II) salt, perhaps as a nanoparticulate phase, in both seawater and fresh water experiments. In addition to the chloromercury species, a smaller fraction (∼20–25%) of Hg was bonded to O atoms in fresh water sample spectra, suggesting the presence of a minor sorbed Hg fraction. In the absence of amendment treatment, Hg sorption and resistance to extraction can be accounted for by relatively strong binding by reduced S species present in the marsh sediment detected by S XANES. Thermodynamic calculations predict stable aqueous Hg–Cl species at seawater final pH, but higher final pH in fresh water favors aqueous Hg-hydroxide species. The difference in Hg coordination between aqueous and solid phases suggests that the initial Hg–Cl coordination was stabilized in the cement hydration products and did not re-equilibrate with the bulk solution with aging. Collectively, results suggest physical encapsulation of Hg as a polynuclear chloromercury(II) salt as the primary immobilization mechanism.     

天山地区水汽再循环量化研究

利用传统气候学的Brubaker二元模型和降水同位素平衡模型定量研究了新疆天山地区水汽再循环特征。结果表明:(1)气候学角度,天山地区水汽再循环率为9.32%。当地蒸发的水汽形成的降水量为41.8 mm,外来水汽输送到山区形成的降水量为407.2 mm;(2)同位素水汽氘盈余为精细化的分析水汽再循环提供了新的思路,进一步证实天山地区水汽主要来自于西风带的水汽输送,而乌鲁木齐站平均再循环水汽仅占到8%。随着海拔的增加,水汽再循环率逐渐下降,在海拔2000 m以上的水汽再循环可以忽略不计。在西风带关键水汽输送路径建立降水同位素观测断面,使两种方法相结合,共同研究水汽的来源和路径问题,是下一步需要关注的问题。     

Sulfur isotopic geochemistry of the huize Pb-Zn ore field in yunnan province北大核心CSCD

In order to constrain sulfur isotope compositions of ore-forming fluids, ore-forming temperature, source of sulfur and mechanism of sulfur reduction in the Huize lead-zinc ore field, based on sulfur isotope compositions from previous studies, new data of sulfur isotopic composition of primary sulfide of upper ore-bodies in Qilinchang and newly-found sulfate outside the deposits were utilized in this study. It show that 5 values of primary sulfide vary from 8. Oft∗ to 17. 68 ft∗ , and sulfur isotopes in ore-forming fluid have reached equilibrium; S'lS values of sulfur out side the deposits vary from 17. 95ft∗ to 24. 30ft∗ with average value of 20. 14ft∗ , yielding sulfur isotopic composition of ore-for ming fluids as 14. 14ft∗ by the Pinekney method for mineral association. The value is close to 5'4S of marine sulfate. Ore-forming temperature is calculated as 1 34 - 388by isotope geological thermometer. The results of fluid inclusion thermometer indicate that barites were crystallized from hydrothermal fluid, which is suggested that sulfur in ore-forming fluid probably originates from marine sulfate of stratum in and outside the deposits or hydrothermal barites found in ore district. Reduction mechanism of sulfate is likely to be themio-chemical sulfate reduction.     

台湾地区湖泊水库悬浮颗粒有机质之碳、氢、氧、氮、硫元素计量分析

对台湾地区１８个湖泊水库水体中悬浮颗粒有机质之碳，氢，氧，氮，硫和叶绿素α的含量进行了分析，其中ＰＯＯ乃首度以元素分析仪直接测量。结果为，ＰＯＣ，ＰＯＨ，ＰＯＯ，ＰＯＮ，ＰＯＳ含量分别介于１３８－８３７０μｇ／Ｌ，１３．７－９２６．１μｇ／Ｌ，３１－２６２３μｍ／Ｌ，１４－１２６５μｇ／Ｌ，１．９－４９．７μｇ／Ｌ之间，Ｃｈ１．ａ含量则介于０．３１－９６．７５μｇ／Ｌ之间，ＰＯＭ元素间原子数关系为     

1981–2020 winter ozone trends,Erzgebirge, Central Europe

Tropospheric ozone (O₃) acts as greenhouse gas and air pollutant. Over the last 100 years, tropospheric O₃ levels increased above background by factor 2.5 in the northern hemisphere and by factor 3–4 across Europe. The gas poses a potential risk to forest ecosystems in many mountain areas. There, O₃ concentrations result from long-range transport and are influenced by removal processes (dry deposition, gas phase and cloud removal, reduction on wet aerosols). Most trend studies analyzed annual-mean concentrations. We focus on winter O₃ trends at high altitudes in the German/Czech Erzgebirge (period 1981–2020) to avoid major noise from photochemical reactions and to better explain recent O₃ behavior in Central Europe. Hourly air quality and meteorological data from four stations (Carlsfeld, CAR; Fichtelberg, FIB; Schwartenberg, SWB; Zinnwald, ZIW) were used to analyze O₃ trends. The data can explain the complex O₃ formation and removal behavior.Three distinct periods of O₃-concentration trends can be discerned: i) Until the late 1980s, characterized by relatively low O₃ concentrations. ii) Dramatic transformation in the 1990s with changing air pollution in Central Europe. Strong O₃-concentration increase at FIB is corroborated by data from CAR and ZIW. iii) Stabilization as of 1997/98, when O₃ concentrations remained at the same level for all four stations, despite general regional air pollution decrease. Key results are:a) Winter O₃ trends mainly depend on O₃ concentration of air masses transported to the stations and on the O₃-removal potential (ORP) of clouds, not on local formation processes.b) ORP differs between clouds and fog, depending on droplet chemical composition. Fog from the North Bohemian Basin showed the highest ORP due to reaction with liquid phase S(IV). However, O₃ reactions with O₂⁻ in fog droplets showed high ORP, too, depending on cloud-water pH values and NO_x concentrations.c) So-called “Bohemian fog” decreased, and with it related ORP, while that of clouds from westerly and northwesterly air masses remained nearly unchanged since 1997/98.d) Decreasing ORP in clouds and fog (= higher O₃ concentration) oppose decreasing O₃ concentrations in westerly air masses. Both effects lead to unchanged O₃ levels in the Erzgebirge since 1997/98.     

移动式橇装备在塔里木油田边缘井的应用

本文对塔里木油田却勒井区的QLI、QL102试采井采用移动式橇装化工艺设备回收放空天然气进行了描述,为今后油气田类似气井放空天然气回收工程的实施提供一些参考。     

Reconstruction of paleo-redox conditions and early sulfur cycling during deposition of the Cryogenian Datangpo Formation in South China

In South China, the Datangpo black shales (663 Ma–654.5 Ma) were deposited during the Cryognian interglacial time between the Sturtian and Marinoan glaciations. Multi-geochemical proxies, including different iron speciation and relevant ratios (Fe_HR/Fe_T, Fe_P/Fe_HR and Fe_T/Al ratios) and molybdenum concentrations, were used to reconstruct the paleo-depositional environment of this black shale horizon. The ratios of different iron species (Fe_HR/Fe_T > 0.38 and Fe_P/Fe_HR < 0.80) suggest an overall anoxic conditions (ferruginous) over the deposition of the black shales, although intermittent euxinic (Fe_HR/Fe_T > 0.38 and Fe_P/Fe_HR ≈ 0.80) and oxic (Fe_HR/Fe_T < 0.38) intervals could have occurred. Furthermore, Fe_T/Al ratios (Fe_T/Al ≤ 0.51) confirm that water column may not be persistent euxinia during the deposition of the Datangpo black shales. Meanwhile, molybdenum concentrations show a decreasing trend towards the top of the black shales, reconciling the gradual oxygenating trend during this period as stated above. Compared to δ³⁴S_Py values in the Mesoproterozoic deep ocean, more positive δ³⁴S_Py values of this study may result from a small size of sulfate reservoir. The small-size sulfate reservoir and concurrent enrichment of molybdenum indicate that the ocean chemistry in the Cryogenian Period is similar to that in the Archean Eon.