塔里木盆地西北缘奥陶系碳酸盐岩中两种来源热流体的地质与地球化学证据

塔里木盆地西北缘西克尔-巴楚-柯坪地区处于巴楚-柯坪断隆带活动区,构造活动强烈.该区出露的中下奥陶统鹰山组发育大量的热液蚀变现象,既有溶蚀形成的大小孔洞、疏松灰岩层,也有各类充填的脉体,如萤石矿、硫磺石膏矿等.通过野外露头观察和采样,并对受热流体作用的样品进行了包裹体测温测盐、微量元素和硫同位素分析.结果显示研究区主要有两种流体来源:岩浆热液和地层热液.研究表明:(1)岩浆热液主要影响研究区南西段,形成萤石、重晶石、方铅矿等矿物,流体包裹体盐度低(0.5％ ～7.5％ NaCleqv)、均一化温度相对较高(142 ～ 283℃);地层热液作用范围则主要位于研究区北东段,生成白云石、方解石、石英等矿物,流体包裹体盐度高(16％ ～ 23.3％ NaCleqv)、均一化温度低(70～ 138℃);而研究区中段同时受到两种来源热液的混合作用,包裹体盐度(7.5％～18.3％ NaCleqv)和均一化温度(142 ～ 163℃)介于前两者之间;(2)热液硬石膏、硫磺的硫同位素富含32S,δ4S平均为-9.57％,说明硬石膏是H2S气体与灰岩反应的产物,硫化氢很可能来自有机物的热裂解.     

青藏高原东南缘哀牢山大坪金矿成矿流体演化

大坪金矿是青藏高原东南缘哀牢山构造带中的大型石英脉型金矿床,由北矿区和南矿区组成.北矿区和南矿区的成矿流体包裹体均一温度及其氢、氧、硫同位素、气液相成份的测试结果表明其成矿温度为:187～329℃(平均为281℃)和168～338℃(平均为264℃)、氢同位素组成(δDV-SMOW)为:-70‰～-81‰和-71‰～-86‰、氧同位素组成(δ18OH2o)为:2.9‰～9.8‰和3.5‰～5.1‰、硫同位素值(δ34S)为:0.7‰～15.5‰和10.6‰～15.8‰.在氢-氧同位素图解上,所有样品均落在岩浆水和地下水趋势线之间.其中,北矿区样品更靠近岩浆水区域,部分样品落在岩浆水区域内,南矿区相时靠近地下水区域.流体包裹体成份分析表明,气相成份主要为H2O和CO2,其次为N2,并含有少量CH4、C2H2、C2H4、C2H6和CO;离子成份主要为K+、Na+、Ca2+、Cl-和SO42-,及少量NO3-、Mg2+、F-和Br-.含金石英脉ESR定年数据揭示了北矿区成矿时代为27.2～29.1Ma,南矿区为17.3～22.1Ma.总体来看,北矿区成矿时代要早于南矿区;北矿区成矿流体是以岩浆流体为主,并有少量地下水混入,而南矿区成矿流体中地下水的参与程度要大于北矿区;成矿流体具有从北矿区向南矿区、从早到晚以及从深部向浅部,岩浆流体组分相对减少,地下水组分逐渐增加的演化趋势.     

The role of iron and sulfur in the visual appearance of lake sediment varves

Easily discernible sediment varves (annual laminations) may be formed in temperate zone lakes, and reflect seasonal changes in the composition of the accumulating material derived from the lake and its catchment (minerogenic and organic material). The appearance of varves may also be influenced by chemical processes. We assessed the role of iron (Fe) and sulfur (S) in the appearance of varves in sediments from Lake Nylandssjön in northern Sweden. We surveyed Fe in the lake water and established whether there is internal transport of Fe within the sediment. We used a unique collection of seven stored freeze cores of varved sediment from the lake, collected from 1979 to 2004. This suite of cores made it possible to follow long-term changes in Fe and S in the sediment caused by processes that occur in the lake bottom when the sediment is ageing. We compared Fe and S concentrations using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) in specific years in the different cores. No diagenetic front was found in the sediment and the data do not suggest that there is substantial vertical transport of Fe and S in the sediment. We also modeled Fe and S based on thermodynamic, limnological, and sediment data from the lake. The model was limited to the five components H⁺, e^?, Fe³⁺, SO₄ ^2?, H₂CO₃ and included the formation of solid phases such as Fe(OH)₃ (amorphous), FeOOH (aged, microcrystalline), FeS and FeCO₃. Modeling showed that there are pe (redox) ranges within which either FeS or Fe(OH)₃/FeOOH is the only solid phase present and there are pe ranges within which the two solid phases co-exist, which supports the hypothesis that blackish and grey-brownish layers that occur in the varves were formed at the time of deposition. This creates new possibilities for deciphering high-temporal-resolution environmental information from varves.     

新疆巴音铜矿床硫同位素地球化学研究

采用硫同位素方法,对新疆巴音铜矿床硫化物和硫酸盐矿物进行硫同位素测定,获得硫化物和硫酸盐的δ34 S值在- 17. 5‰～ + 10. 0‰ ,硫同位素富集顺序为δ34 S重晶石> δ34 S黄铁矿> δ34 S辉铜矿> δ34 S黄铜矿。对矿床矿物包裹体测定及矿物稳定场进行物理化学计算,获得成矿温度约250℃ , log f O2为- 34. 37～- 38. 42;log f s2 为- 8. 59～-14. 0; log f CO2为-2. 3; pH值为3～6。对矿床δ34 S?S计算,获得δ34 S?S为+ 10‰ ,指示出矿石硫源来自岩浆与海水硫酸盐混合。      

冲绳海槽中部Jade热液活动区中海底热液沉积物的硫同位素组成及其地质意义

测定了冲绳海槽中部Jade热液活动区中18个热液沉积物样品的硫同位素组式,其中10个硫化物样品的δ34S值为5.2×10-3～7.2×10-3,7个硫酸盐样品的34S值为16.3×10-3～22.3×10-3,1个自然硫样品的δ34S值为8.2×10-3热液沉积物的硫主要来自中、酸性火山岩和海水,并且在流体与沉积物相互作用过程中海底沉积物也可能为热液沉积物的形成提供部分的硫.导致本区热液沉积物中硫化物与其他热液活动区的硫同位素组成不同的原因,主要是各热液活动区的硫源以及有关岩浆活动和构造演变的不同.海底热液体系中硫的演化是一个复杂的过程,涉及被加热海水的上升、流体与火山岩的相互作用、海水硫酸盐和中、酸性火山岩中流的混合作用以及流体与沉积物相互作周等一系列海底热液活动,其中海水和中、酸性火山岩的相互作用是本区硫演化的一个重要机制.     

气态SO_2转化及其数值模型研究

本文基于对室外烟雾箱实验,探讨了SO_2的转化机制及影响SO_2转化的因素,由此并借助于烟团模型,建立了SO_2转化和硫酸盐气溶胶细粒子生成的数值模型,用于估算从排放源排入大气的SO_2浓度及其转化成硫酸盐细粒子的浓度以及它们的空间分布,与实测结果相比,两者有较好的一致性.同时指出,由于大气中细粒子(粒径小于1μm)可通过人体呼吸进入并沉积在肺泡中而对健康有不利影响,从而说明研究大气中细粒子污染的迫切性.     

东胜区污染状况分析

文章利用东胜区主要污染源排放情况以及2005年9月1日-2007年8月31日每日SO2、NO2、PM10浓度监测值和2005-2007年SO2、NO2、PM10平均值,分析了东胜区主要污染类型、污染物来源以及东胜区近3年SO2、NO2、PM10监测值日、月、季、年分布特征和变化规律;提出了消减大气污染物排放的对策。     

兰州市冬季SO2大气环境容量研究

通过数值模拟方法,研究了兰州市冬季SO2的大气环境容量,为大气污染的总量控制方法提供了前提和依据。本文利用RAMs三维非流体静力大气动力模式模拟的气象场驱动中尺度大气扩散模式(HYPACT),模拟出SO2的浓度分布及每个污染单元对于地面浓度的分担率。根据SO2的国家环境空气质量标准(下称质量标准),用线性规划的原理和方法计算了兰州市冬季典型日条件下SO2的大气环境容量。     

Highly Oxidized Magma and Fluid Evolution of Miocene Qulong Giant Porphyry Cu‐Mo Deposit,Southern Tibet,China

The Miocene Qulong porphyry Cu‐Mo deposit, which is located at the Gangdese orogenic belt of Southern Tibet, is the largest porphyry‐type deposit in China, with confirmed Cu ～10 Mt and Mo ～0.5 Mt. It is spatially and temporally associated with multiphase granitic intrusions, which is accompanied by large‐scale hydrothermal alteration and mineralization zones, including abundant hydrothermal anhydrite. In addition to hydrothermal anhydrite, magmatic anhydrite is present as inclusions in plagioclase, interstitial minerals between plagioclase and quartz, and phenocrysts in unaltered granodiorite porphyry, usually in association with clusters of sulfur‐rich apatite in the Qulong deposit. These observations indicate that the Qulong magma‐hydrothermal system was highly oxidized and sulfur‐rich. Three main types of fluid inclusions are observed in the quartz phenocrysts and veins in the porphyry: (i) liquid‐rich; (ii) polyphase high‐salinity; and (iii) vapor‐rich inclusions. Homogenization temperatures and salinities of all type inclusions decrease from the quartz phenocrysts in the porphyry to hydrothermal veins (A, B, D veins). Microthermometric study suggests copper‐bearing sulfides precipitated at about 320–400°C in A and B veins. Fluid boiling is assumed for the early stage of mineralization, and these fluids may have been trapped at about 35–60 Mpa at 460–510°C and 28–42 Mpa at 400–450°C, corresponding to trapping depths of 1.4–2.4 km and 1.1–1.7 km, respectively.     

新元古代—寒武纪硫同位素异常事件(Yudomski事件)的起源与结束

新元古代晚期—寒武纪早期是地球历史演化的关键时期,整个生物圈、大气圈和水圈在此期间都发生了巨大的变化,海水成分在其间也发生了明显的变化。而石盐流体包裹体恰恰记录了该时段海水主要离子成分的转变:海水成分从新元古代晚期的“文石海”,快速转化为寒武纪的“方解石海”;同时海水中的碳、锶、硫同位素都发生了剧烈的改变,其中海水硫酸根的硫同位素从新元古代冰期前的20‰左右,迅速升高到新元古代冰期后的35‰左右,甚至可以到45‰,海相蒸发岩沉积中的硫酸盐沉积(主要是石膏、硬石膏)则直接记录了当时海水中硫酸根的硫同位素变化。现有研究表明,新元古代晚期——寒武纪时期的海相蒸发岩沉积记录了当时海洋中存在着地质历史时期最大的硫同位素异常,即“Yudomski事件”。塔里木盆地的寒武纪早期、中期蒸发岩记录了“Yudomski事件”的硫同位素异常高值(35‰左右,甚至更高),表明这一起源于新元古代晚期的同位素异常事件持续到了寒武纪的早期和中期;塔里木盆地奥陶纪早期的蒸发岩、鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶纪中期蒸发岩和美国Williston盆地奥陶纪晚期地层的蒸发岩的硫同位素数据相似,都在+25‰左右则记录了较低的海洋硫同位素值,表明起源于新元古代冰期之后的“Yudomski事件”的硫同位素异常,持续到了寒武纪的中期,而结束于寒武纪的晚期。