基于叠前地震数据和岩石物理的游离气定量估算方法——以印度Krishna-Godavari盆地NGHP01-10A井为例

天然气水合物稳定带下方游离气分布模式、气体含量及其对水合物富集成藏的指示是水合物研究中的难点,而利用振幅随偏移距变化(Amplitude Versus Offset,AVO)与岩石物理模型能够对游离气含量进行地震定量解释.我们对印度Krishna-Godavari(K-G)盆地的地震资料进行了叠前保幅处理,在测井数据和层位标定的基础上,基于等效介质岩石物理模型和AVO正演模拟定量估算了NGHP01-10A井的游离气饱和度,发现水合物下方的游离气饱和度与其分布模式有关.游离气呈均匀分布时饱和度为孔隙空间的0.3%~0.4%,而块状分布时为3%~4%,该结果与NGHP01-10D实测计算的泊松比交汇分析结果吻合很好.最后再根据干燥岩石骨架的泊松比反演结果进一步判断游离气分布为均匀分布,其饱和度为0.3%~0.4%.     

Simplified design method for shear-valve magnetorheological dampers

Based on the Bingham parallel-plate model, a simplified design method of shear-valve magnetorheological(MR) dampers is proposed considering the magnetic circuit optimization. Correspondingly, a new MR damper with a full-length effective damping path is proposed. The prototype dampers are also fabricated and studied numerically and experimentally. According to the test results, the Bingham parallel-plate model is further modified to obtain a damping force prediction model of the proposed MR dampers. This prediction model considers the magnetic saturation phenomenon. The study indicates that the proposed simplified design method is simple, effective and reliable. The maximum damping force of the proposed MR dampers with a full-length effective damping path is at least twice as large as those of conventional MR dampers. The dynamic range of damping force increases by at least 70%. The proposed damping force prediction model considers the magnetic saturation phenomenon and it can realize the actual characteristic of MR fluids. The model is able to predict the actual damping force of MR dampers precisely.     

Viscoelastic representation of surface waves in patchy saturated poroelastic media

Wave-induced flow is observed as the dominated factor for P wave propagation at seismic frequencies. This mechanism has a mesoscopic scale nature. The inhomogeneous unsaturated patches are regarded larger than the pore size, but smaller than the wavelength. Surface wave, e.g., Rayleigh wave, which propagates along the free surface, generated by the interfering of body waves is also affected by the mesoscopic loss mechanisms. Recent studies have reported that the effect of the wave-induced flow in wave propagation shows a relaxation behavior. Viscoelastic equivalent relaxation function associated with the wave mode can describe the kinetic nature of the attenuation. In this paper, the equivalent viscoelastic relaxation functions are extended to take into account the free surface for the Rayleigh surface wave propagation in patchy saturated poroelastic media. Numerical results for the frequency-dependent velocity and attenuation and the time-dependent dynamical responses for the equivalent Rayleigh surface wave propagation along an interface between vacuum and patchy saturated porous media are reported in the low-frequency range (0.1–1,000 Hz). The results show that the dispersion and attenuation and kinetic characteristics of the mesoscopic loss effect for the surface wave can be effectively represented in the equivalent viscoelastic media. The simulation of surface wave propagation within mesoscopic patches requires solving Biot’s differential equations in very small grid spaces, involving the conversion of the fast P wave energy diffusion into the Biot slow wave. This procedure requires a very large amount of computer consumption. An efficient equivalent approach for this patchy saturated poroelastic media shows a more convenient way to solve the single phase viscoelastic differential equations.     

Resistivity saturation in liquid iron–light-element alloys at conditions of planetary cores from first principles computations

We present a comprehensive analysis of electrical resistivity for liquid Fe–Si, Fe–S, and Fe–O alloys from first principles computations, covering the pressure/temperature conditions and major light element candidates inside the cores of terrestrial planets. By fitting optical conductivity with the Drude formula, we explicitly calculate the effective electron mean free path, and show that it becomes comparable to the interatomic distance for high densities and Si/S concentrations (Ioffe–Regel criterion). In approaching the Ioffe–Regel criterion, the temperature coefficient of resistivity decreases with compression for all compositions, eventually vanishes (Fe–Si), or even changes sign (Fe–S). Differences in resistivity and the degree of saturation between the iron alloys studied are explained in terms of iron–light element coordination numbers and their density dependence. Due to competing temperature and pressure effects, resistivity profiles along proposed core adiabats exhibit a small negative pressure gradient.     

岩心CT三维成像与多相驱替分析系统

介绍了研制"岩心CT三维成像、多相驱替分析系统"软件的主要研究对象,一是平面图像处理部分,二是DR试验中饱和度计算问题,三是岩心三维实体重建.     

CO_2-原油体系混相状态的渗流特性

为认识混相状态的CO2在油藏中的渗流特征,利用高温高压三维模拟装置对CO2-地层原油体系在油藏环境条件下的混相驱替过程进行研究.实验发现:模型产出液量与注入量存在较大差异;采收率、含水和气油比曲线亦表现出CO2在孔隙介质中渗流的复杂特征.由实时监测的含水饱和度分布场图分析认为:CO2与原油混相后,流体粘度降低、渗流阻力减小,这是提高采收率的重要原因之一;同时,CO2/原油相与部分接触水能形成近似于三相混相的状态.实验研究还表明CO2以高密度气体形式进入饱和水、饱和油无法进入的微孔隙,这是注入量和产出量不一致的主要原因.     

低渗透储集层T2截止值实验研究

由于一个地区甚至一口井很难有一个统一的截止值,无法用单一的截止值方法区分束缚水和自由流体,因而核磁共振测井解释束缚水饱和度存在着实用上的困难．为此,本文借鉴已发表的实验方法对塔中地区低渗透储层岩心进行核磁共振实验．实验结果分析时充分考虑岩石孔隙结构的变化,发现T2截止值与孔隙结构综合指数(√κ/φ)密切相关,提出了一种应用于测井解释的变T2截止值方法,并在实际测井解释中获得了良好的应用效果。     

新疆北山早二叠世岩浆型铜镍硫化物矿床 综合信息勘查模式

新疆北山发育有20～30个产于晚古生代北山裂谷带中的早二叠世超基性岩岩体。自2008年以来在坡北基性-超基性杂岩体中发现坡一大型镍矿床和坡十中型镍矿床。利用本项目资料结合前人研究成果,文章从构造、岩体基本特征、围岩条件、矿物学特征、化探异常特征、地球物理参数等多个方面总结了含矿岩体(相)与非含矿岩体(相)的区别。研究发现新疆北山铜镍矿矿床受深大断裂控制,多产于深大断裂一侧的次级断裂中。在预查阶段或预查以前,可以首先利用1∶20万和1∶5万勘查地球化学数据,对Cu、Ni、Co、Cr异常区进行调查研究,同时辅以ETM遥感线环解译、1∶5万航磁资料的化极和向上延拓图(关注高磁异常)和1∶5万重力资料的布格重力异常(关注△GB-142×10 g.u的区域)来圈定区域上的基性超基性岩体。地表的孔雀石蚀变、黄钾铁矾和镍华是寻找铜镍矿的重要线索。在普查阶段,若存在纯橄岩且岩相分异良好的杂岩体,则更有可能发现铜镍矿。同一地区,具有高Cr尖晶石且尖晶石Fe3+/∑Fe0.3的基性-超基性杂岩体,成铜镍矿的潜力更大;含最超基性或接近最超基性的岩相的岩体成铜镍矿的可能性更大;含有高Fo、高NiO、低FeO*、低CaO、低TiO2的橄榄石且低Fe、Ca含量辉石的岩相是铜镍矿勘查的优选岩相。围岩有硫化物、硫酸盐或石墨层的超基性岩体的成矿潜力要大于围岩为无硫化物方解石大理岩的超基性岩体的成矿潜力。在此基础上,瞬变电磁(TEM)方法获得的瞬变响应感应电动势的垂直分量DBz/Dt(1.2)数据和可控源声频大地电磁可以用来推断深部超基性岩体的分布,是深部验证的重要依据。三维磁化率反演可以为矿区的定位预测或确定超基性岩体的延伸情况提供一定的依据。井中磁测可以作为防止漏矿的一种补充方法。在详查阶段,通过精细钻孔编录和三维软件查明矿体的空间展布趋势规律可为定位预测提供依据。文章总结了针对新疆北山地区铜镍硫化物矿床的综合信息勘查模型和勘查策略,并对硫化物饱和机制进行了探讨。     

考虑吸力效应的非饱和黏土回弹模量预估模型

回弹模量是反映路基弹性支撑能力的重要指标,并受运营期间基质吸力变化的显著影响。通过3种压实黏土试样的土-水特征曲线试验和重复动三轴试验,研究了回弹模量与基质吸力的相关性,并基于非饱和土有效应力原理,提出了考虑吸力效应的回弹模量预估模型。结果表明：基质吸力与回弹模量之间具有较强的非线性相关性,可采用指数形式进行两者的拟合;含水率由最佳含水率-4%提升至最佳含水率+4%时,受基质吸力减小的影响,回弹模量降幅达到29.1%～39.0%;在 土-水特征曲线过渡区,采用以饱和度表征的有效应力参数,可较好地反映基质吸力对于回弹模量的贡献,预估效果优于采用残余含水率或进气值相关的有效应力参数;在相同饱和度的情况下,黏粒含量越多、塑性指数越高,基质吸力对有效应力的贡献比例越小。     

CO2地质封存中储层流体压力演化规律的解析模型

为使解析模型可以更加科学准确地描述储层中多相流体的迁移机制与压力演化规律,提高解析计算与分析的精度。首先将储层中的流场划分为3个区域,然后根据渗流体积守恒方程反演储层中两相流体混合渗流区的各相流体饱和度,进而将总流度直接引入到达西公式中得到了一个适用于两相流的广义达西公式,据此推导出了一个更为精确的表征储层流体压力演化规律的解析模型。最后,通过案例分析,将该解析模型的计算结果与既有文献的显式积分解及TOUGH2/ECO2N的数值解进行对比,验证了该模型的可靠性及相比于既有文献的显式积分解在计算精度方面的优越性。此外,计算结果也表明,该解析模型虽然是在稳态流的假定条件下得到的,但对于实际储层流体压力演化的全过程均具有很强的表征能力,这主要归因于该模型可科学准确地确定饱和度,因此,可以在工程中推广应用。