饱和度对泥质粉砂岩冻结力学性质的影响

饱和度对泥质粉砂岩常温下力学性质的影响已多有讨论,但对其冻结状态下力学性质的影响尚不明确。对6种饱和度（0%、20%、40%、60%、80%、100%）的泥质粉砂岩样品冻结前后的纵波波速、核磁共振T₂谱、冻结状态下的抗拉强度和点荷载强度进行了测试,试验结果表明：（1）冻结状态下,随饱和度的增加,纵波波速呈现先降低后升高的趋势;（2）在-20℃下,完全饱和样品内部孔隙水有49.2%保持未冻,60%饱和度的样品有81.4%未冻,而20%饱和度样品有87.4%的孔隙水没有冻结;（3）冻结状态下岩样的抗拉强度和点荷载强度随初始饱和度的增加均呈现减小-增加-减小的趋势,在饱和度80%左右均有一极大值,且两个强度的最大值均不出现在饱和度100%时。分析后发现,在低饱和度的状态下,冻结岩石的强度仍取决于孔隙中的未冻水含量;而在高饱和度的区间,孔隙冰的含量决定了其冻结强度;对于接近饱和的岩石,其冻结强度还受到冻胀损伤的影响。     

LA-(MC)-ICPMS和(Nano)SIMS硫化物微量元素和硫同位素原位分析与矿床形成的精细过程

硫化物微区原位分析技术包括LA-ICPMS定点微量元素分析、LA-ICPMS和(Nano) SIMS微量元素面扫描分析,以及SIMS、Nano SIMS和LA-MC-ICPMS原位硫同位素点分析和面扫描。这些分析方法可以有效地获取不同期次硫化物微量元素含量、丰度分布图像、硫同位素比值和分布特征,结合微区时间分辨信号谱图、微量元素相关性分析等,在矿床学的成矿元素行为与赋存状态、成矿元素置换反应、成矿流体与硫的来源、矿石矿物的化学分带性、矿床成因模型等研究中有着重要的应用前景,以探讨矿床的精细成矿过程。硫化物原位微量元素和同位素LA-(MC)-ICPMS和(Nano) SIMS分析,需要降低仪器和分析方法的系统误差,克服严重的基体效应和同位素分馏效应。     

Modeling the spatiotemporal dynamics of electric power consumption in Mainland China using saturation-corrected DMSP/OLS nighttime stable light data

Obtaining timely and accurate data on the spatiotemporal dynamics of electric power consumption (EPC) is crucial for the effective utilization of electric power in China. The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) nighttime stable light (NSL) data have good potential for estimating EPC effectively at large scales. However, saturated lighted pixels contained within the NSL data limit the accuracy of EPC estimation. We developed a new method to correct the saturated lighted pixels, using the SPOT VEGETATION (SPOT/VGT) 10-day synthesis product (S10) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data and then modeled the spatiotemporal dynamics of EPC in Mainland China from 2000 to 2008. The results demonstrated the reliability of our approach with an average R value of 0.93 (P<0.001) and an average relative error of ?28.92%. EPC in Mainland China showed an average annual growth rate of 13.46% during the study period from 1198.23 billion kWh in 2000 to 3290.51 billion kWh in 2008. EPC in Mainland China also showed clear regional variation. Northern coastal China and eastern coastal China consumed 37.61% of the total EPC in Mainland China, with only 25.96% of the population and 6.11% of the area.     

Characterization of Continental Intercalaire aquifer (CI) in the Tinrhert-East Area-Illizi Basin on the Algerian-Libyan Border

This paper addresses the characterization of the Continental Intercalaire aquifer (CI) in the Tinrhert-East area of Illizi Basin on the Algerian-Libyan border, which belongs to the SASS1 system, one of the biggest transboundary aquifers in the world. This study concerns a superficies of 4 300 km2. On the basis of Mud Logging borehole data conducted in this part of the aquifer, a realistic characterization of the aquifer was done. The thickness of the CI aquifer varies from 300 m in the south to 700 m in the north, and the depth ranges from 180 m to 320 m. The interpretation of the logs showed that the aquifer is characterized by a maximum net thickness in its southwestern part (more than 600 m), the porosity is very high, ranging from 30% in the west to 24% at the Libyan borders, the permeability is low to medium around 10-5 m/s, and the maximum transmissivity values of about 8×10-3 m2/s were recorded at the center of the study area. The depth of water varies from 235 m to 312 m, and the water flows from south to north, in accordance with the general direction observed in the CI aquifer in the Northern Sahara Aquifer System (SASS). The porosity values obtained from the interpretation of the sonic and density logs permit to estimate the water reserves of this aquifer considered fossil, at thresholds much higher than what was considered until now.     

激光测高卫星波形饱和识别与测高误差改正初步研究

激光测高仪回波波形饱和现象客观存在,为增加可用激光点数目、提高饱和波形测高精度,本文提出了一种波形饱和识别与测高误差改正方法,首先,利用回波波形峰度系数对饱和波形进行识别,然后,针对饱和现象对波形高斯拟合的影响,计算高斯拟合波形与原始波形相交区域的形心位置,以形心位置差异确定因波形饱和导致的测高误差并改正。最后,采用ICESat/GLAS（Ice,Cloud and land Elevation Satellite/Geo-science Laser Altimeter System）在青海湖、纳木错、色林错采集的波形数据进行实验。结果表明,经本文算法改正后数据误差均值为0.03 m,大型湖泊区域可实现约0.05 m的测高精度,结合峰度的饱和识别方法可以对波形进行有效筛选,可发现GLAS遗漏的饱和波形,饱和改正算法可以有效改正波形饱和引起的测高误差,改正后精度明显优于GLAS提供的饱和改正结果,相关结论对高分七号卫星激光波形处理有一定参考价值。     

Improvement and comparison of the rainfall–runoff methods in SWAT at the monsoonal watershed of Baocun,Eastern China

ABSTRACT

A new physics-based rainfall–runoff method of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was developed, which integrates a water balance (WB) approach with the variable source area (WB-VSA). This approach was further compared with four methods—soil-water-dependent curve number (CN-Soil), evaporation-dependent curve number (CN-ET), Green and Ampt equation (G&A) and WB—in a monsoonal watershed, Eastern China. The regional sensitivity analysis shows that volumetric efficiency coefficient (VE) with river discharges is sensitive to the most parameters of all approaches. The results of model calibration against VE demonstrate that WB-VSA is the most accurate owing to its reflection of the spatial variation of runoff generation as affected by topography and soil properties. Other methods can also mimic baseflow well, but the G&A and CN-ET simulate floods much worse than the saturation excess runoff approaches (WB-VSA, WB and CN-Soil). Meanwhile, CN-Soil as an empirical method fails to simulate groundwater levels. By contrast, WB-VSA captures them best.

Editor M.C. Acreman; Associate editor S. Kanae     

苏里格气田西区低阻气层成因分析

苏里格气田西区上古生界二叠系的主要含气目的层为盒8段及山1段,而此区域高阻气层与低阻气层共存,运用电阻率难以区分气层与水层,这给测井评价带来很大难度。因此正确认识低阻气层的成因,对准确识别储层中流体类型十分重要。本次研究从沉积背景、储层岩性、储层物性和钻井工程的角度出发,对低阻气层的成因和特点进行了分析,认为粘土矿物分布,泥浆滤液侵入是造成气层低阻的主要因素,而高不动水饱和度是引起该区气层低阻的最主要原因。另外高地层水矿化度,也是造成该区低阻的成因。通过此次研究,其成果可为该区低阻气层的正确识别和评价提供重要依据。     

多孔介质油水两相k~s~p关系数学模型的实验研究

数学模型是研究相对渗透率与饱和度关系曲线的重要方法。采用自行开发设计的人工平面多孔介质模型,测定了相对渗透率与饱和度的关系曲线。多孔介质选择粒径为0.5~1mm、1~2mm的标准砂,纯净的水为湿润相,用3号苏丹红染色的93#汽油为非湿润相,组成多孔介质油水两相流动系统。采用Van Genuchten and Mualeum(VGM)和Brooks-Corey-Burdine(BCB)两种数学模型计算相对渗透率与饱和度的关系曲线,通过比较两种数学模型计算结果之间和模型计算结果与实测结果的差异以及模型的应用、多相渗流系统自身特征,得出VGM、BCB两种数学模型计算结果符合实际情况,VGM模型应用过程更为简便,但VGM模型具有一定适用条件;在砂性多孔介质中,BCB模型计算相对渗透率与饱和度关系曲线更准确。     

浅析套管井测井技术进展及其应用成效

随着石油勘探开发的需要,套管测井技术发展十分迅速。套管井测井是油气井测井技术的系列之一,本文主要介绍套管井测井的几项主要技术及其一些应用实例,包括注入剖面、产出剖面、储层评价以及固井与套管质量评价等方面主要测井技术的简要介绍及其应用。套管井测井技术涉及探井、开发井和生产井,可分为直井、水平井和井间等测量方式,贯穿于油气勘探开发的全过程,为油气田的高效开发和增储上产提供了强有力的技术支持。     

干燥与饱水状态下砂岩的剪切蠕变特性研究

以武汉越江隧道为工程背景,对干燥和饱水砂岩进行了剪切蠕变试验,并从剪切蠕变应变特征和剪切蠕变物理力学特性两方面进行了对比分析,重点阐述了水对砂岩剪切蠕变特性的影响,同时对其影响机制进行了相应的分析。结果表明,水能够增大砂岩的蠕变应变量和蠕变应变速率,并降低蠕变破坏强度值。因此,在重要工程设计和施工中,不能够忽视水对砂岩蠕变特性的影响。