圆筒型浮式生产储油平台稳性研究分析

针对圆筒型浮式生产储油平台,对其静稳性曲线做了分析研究,得到了圆筒型FPSO的稳性特点。根据平台实际作业情况,建立了一系列的典型装载工况,分别按照DNV和MARPOL公约稳性衡准的要求,对这些典型工况进行校核,同时得到满足稳性要求的许用重心高度曲线,给平台操作者提供了参考。经过计算,验证了圆筒型FPSO能同时满足DNV和MARPOL公约的稳性要求。最后对影响圆筒型FPSO稳性的主要因素做了分析研究,得到主要影响因素有主船体外形尺寸、装载工况、进水点位置、舱室划分与布置以及风倾力矩等。     

Failure mode and pullout capacity of anchor piles in soils with cohesive and cohesionless properties

Abstract

The present work develops a theoretical model based on a rational mechanical model and the failure mechanism of anchor piles in the seabed, by which the failure mode and pullout capacity of anchor piles under inclined loading can be predicted in the soils with both cohesive and cohesionless properties. Experimental and numerical results are employed to validate the theoretical predictions. Parametric studies are performed to investigate the effects of different parameters on the failure mode and pullout capacity of anchor piles, to demonstrate the applicability and efficiency of the theoretical model and to gain further knowledge of the anchor properties. An analytical method is also proposed to evaluate the optimal position of the attachment point of anchor piles, and confirmed by relevant studies in either cohesive or cohesionless soils.

1. Highlights

2. A novel theoretical model is proposed to analyze the failure mode and pullout capacity of anchor piles.

3. The model is applied to inclined loading and to soils with both cohesive and cohesionless properties.

4. Efficiency and applicability of the model are validated through comparative and parametric studies.

5. A simple expression is proposed to predict the optimal position of the attachment point for anchor piles.

     

非线性波浪作用下海底管线-海床动力响应分析

确定波浪荷载作用下海底埋置管线和海床的响应是海底管线设计中的关键问题。目前大多数研究只是考虑了管线、海床在线性推进波作用下的响应,并没有考虑管线与海床之间的相互作用效应。采用接触摩擦理论,考虑管线与海床之间的相互作用效应,基于有限元方法研究了非线性波浪作用下海底埋置管线和多孔海床相互作用问题。数值计算结果表明,在计算中如果忽略波浪非线性项,既有可能低估海底管线内应力及管线周围海床中孔隙水压力,也有可能高估海底管线内应力及管线周围海床中孔隙水压力。     

用多元素背景值法进行地质单元划分

利用1:20万区域化探中具有强相关性的几组元素的背景值,对测区的岩性地质单元进行尝试性的划分,将划分结果与已有的地质图对比,二者扣合较好,该方法对地质填图有很好的辅助作用;另外对局部地区不能很好扣合的原因进行了分析,探讨了解决的方法。     

实时高温下加载速率对花岗岩力学特性影响的试验研究

为综合考虑温度、加载速率两个因素对花岗岩力学性质及破坏方式的影响,在实时高温（25～1 000 ℃）作用下利用MTS810电液伺服材料试验系统对岩样进行不同加载速率作用下的单轴压缩试验。研究结果表明：（1）各个温度点,岩样单轴压缩应力-应变曲线大致经历了压密、弹性、屈服、破坏4个阶段。岩样峰后曲线在加载速率为0.001～0.01 mm/s出现台阶型分段跌落状,在加载速率为0.01～0.1 mm/s呈现光滑、陡峭的连续曲线。（2）岩样峰值强度、弹性模量随温度的升高可分为4个阶段：25～200 ℃区间为缓慢上升段;200～600 ℃区间为快速下降段;600～800 ℃区间为缓慢上升段;800～ 1 000 ℃区间为平缓下降段。1 000 ℃时的峰值强度和弹性模量相对于25 ℃时分别降低了53.47%和64.34 %。峰值应变与温度呈现三次多项式拟合关系。（3）岩样峰值强度、弹性模量与加载速率对数均呈现二次多项式增长关系,加载速率为0.1 mm/s时的峰值强度和弹性模量相对于0.001 mm/s时分别提高了38.82%和37.22%。岩样峰值应变与加载速率没有明显的对应关系。（4）单轴压缩状态下,随着温度的升高,花岗岩变形破坏形式由拉剪破裂向锥形破裂并伴随向碎性流动过渡,失稳型式由突发失稳向渐进破坏过渡。同一温度状态下,加载速率对岩样的破裂形式没有明显影响,但失稳型式发生了变化。     

Components of suction caisson capacity measured in axial pullout tests

Suction caissons are the foundation of choice for offshore structures in deep water. Systematic study of caisson behavior is relegated to the laboratory due to the high cost of full-scale testing. Our laboratory caisson was installed in normally consolidated clay using dead weight and suction. Tensile axial capacity was measured with the top cap vented or sealed, and with the soil undrained or drained. For the common case of rapid pullout with a sealed top, the test results indicate an external side resistance factor (α) of 0.5–0.8 and a reverse end bearing factor (N_c) of 13–21.     

SPAR平台拖拉装船作业风荷载计算研究

SPAR平台装船作业和运输过程中受到的风荷载对作业的安全性有极大的影响。采用计算流体动力学方法,针对作业和极限两种工况,对桁架式SPAR平台在不同方向下的风荷载进行数值模拟,然后将数值模拟的结果和规范计算的结果进行比较,证实了CFD计算方法对复杂结构风荷载的有效性,为计算桁架式SPAR平台这类复杂结构物的风荷载提供了一个新方法。     

Dynamic Response Analysis of Risers Subjected to Combined Wave and Current Loading

A dynamic response analysis in the frequency domain is presented for risers subjected to combined wave and current loading. Considering the effects of current, a modified wave spectrum is adopted to compute the linearized drag force. An additional drag force convolution term is added to the linearized drag force spectrum, therefore the error is reduced which arises from the truncation of higher order terms in the drag force auto-correlation function. An expression of linearized drag force spectrum is given taking the relative velocity into account. It is found that the additional term is a fold convolution integral. In this paper dynamic responses of risers are investigated, while the influence of floater motion on risers is considered. The results demonstrate that the accuracy of the present method reaches the degree required in time domain analysis.     

Influence of Frequency on the Behaviour of Plate Anchors Subjected to Cyclic Loading

This article reports the response of embedded circular plate anchors to varying frequencies of cyclic loading. The effects of time period of loading cycles and pre-loading on movement of anchors and post-cyclic monotonic pullout behavior are studied using a model circular (80 mm diameter) plate anchor, buried at embedment ratio of six in a soft saturated clay. The frequencies of loading cycles have showed considerable effect on movement of anchors. For given duration of loading, higher frequency cycles cause more movement of anchor than lower frequency cycles. Pre-loading reduces the movement of anchors in subsequent loading stages. When anchors are recycled at a load ratio level less than the pre-cycling load, the movement of anchor in recycling phase are very much reduced, but if the recycling is done at a higher load ratio level, the effect is not that much pronounced and the anchors behave as if they were not subjected to any cycling load in the past. Anchor subjected to cyclic loading and then monotonic pullout shows an increase in initial stiffness, whereas the peak pullout load was found to decrease marginally over that of an anchor not subjected to any cyclic loading. For the present test conditions, the relative post-cyclic stiffness of anchors is found to vary from 1.169 to 1.327.     

风暴浪导致的黄河口水下土体破坏试验研究

本文试验利用取自黄河水下三角洲的样品 ,重塑后铺设水槽底床进行水槽试验 ,并利用原状土进行动三轴试验 ,2种试验均测定土体内的孔隙水压力。根据各种情况下孔隙水压力的变化记录 ,表明土体破坏同时其孔隙水压力产生骤变。将本文试验结果与在黄河水下三角洲不稳定区的原位沉积动力学试验孔隙水压力测试结果对照 ,说明黄河三角洲水下斜坡某些土体的破坏 ,未出现波浪循环荷载作用下孔隙水压力积累升高所导致的土体液化破坏 ,而是风暴浪对海底的强切应力作用致使土体产生剪切破坏