青海南部杂多地区超镁铁质-镁铁质岩石的特征及Ar—Ar定年

通过野外地质研究和室内岩相学、岩石地球化学研究,在位于青藏高原中部的青海杂多地区的双湖-澜沧江结合带中发现了一套超镁铁质岩、镁铁质岩。该超镁铁质岩、镁铁质岩沿北西—南东向区域构造线多呈岩脉状侵入在早石炭世杂多群中,局部呈构造透镜体分布在断裂带中或呈包体分布在白垩纪花岗岩中,出露规模不大,局部侵入体具有层状侵入杂岩体的特征。主要岩石类型为辉石橄榄岩、辉长岩、辉长辉绿岩,岩石地球化学具高Ti、Fe、Al、Ga和LREE中等富集的特征。橄榄岩中角闪石的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar同位素测年得到275.3Ma±1.9Ma的坪年龄,表明这套超镁铁—镁铁质岩石可能为早、中二叠世弧后盆地拉张的产物。     

北秦岭二郎坪群重晶石岩热水沉积地球化学证据及其成矿意义

北秦岭二郎坪群中存在与地层整合产出的层状重晶石岩和铜多金属矿床。重晶石岩贫Al2O3、TiO2组分含量;富集热液组分As、Sb、Ba、Ag和Hg;微量元素U/Th>1;低ΣREE(平均值27.78×10-6)、富集轻稀土(LREE)、亏损重稀土(HREE)、具明显Eu正异常、Ce负异常及与大西洋TAG热液区热液沉积物相似的球粒陨石标准化的稀土元素配分模式特征。这些特征揭示研究区重晶石岩是热水沉积成因型。热水沉积重晶石岩与铜多金属矿床的紧密联系说明,研究区铜金属矿床是海底热液喷流沉积成岩成矿作用的产物。     

Petrologic, isotopic, and radiometric age constraints on the origin and tectonic history of the Malino Metamorphic Complex, NW Sulawesi, Indonesia

The Malino Metamorphic Complex (MMC) is located at the western end of the north arm of Sulawesi. It consists of mica schists and gneisses (derived from proximal turbidite and granitoid protoliths), with intercalations of greenschist, amphibolite, marble, and quartzite, forming an E-W elongated dome-like structure bounded on all sides by faults. The age of the MMC is constrained between Devonian and Early Carboniferous. This Paleozoic age, the presence of Archean and Proterozoic inherited zircons, and the isotopic signature of the mica schists and gneisses indicate that the terrane was derived from the New Guinea-Australian margin of Gondwana. Similarities with basement rocks in the Bird’s Head suggests a common origin. Greenschists forming a discontinuous selvage (metamorphic carapace) around the complex were derived from adjacent autochthonous Paleogene formations. The rocks of the MMC show a Barrovian-type progression from greenschist through epidote-amphibolite to amphibolite facies. P–T estimations suggest a depth of burial of up to 27–30 km. K/Ar and 40Ar/39Ar cooling ages of 23–11 Ma, and a 7 Ma age for unconformably overlying volcanic rocks, indicate that the complex was exhumed during the Miocene. Two tectonic scenarios are considered: 1. the continental fragment docked with Sulawesi during the Mesozoic and was exhumed as a metamorphic core complex during the Miocene; 2. it was subducted beneath the north arm during the late Oligocene and then rapidly returned back to the surface.     

Geology, mineralogy, and PGE mineralization of the copper-nickel occurrences of the Kvinum ore field, Sredinny Range, Kamchatka

The geology and mineralogy of host metamorphic rocks, the mineralogy of sulfide ores, and the distribution of PGE mineralization were studied in detail for the Kvinum-1 and Kvinum-2 copper-nickel occurrences of the Kvinum ore field, which are the most promising targets for the copper-nickel-PGE mineralization of the Sredinny Range of Kamchatka. It was established that stringer-disseminated and massive copper-nickel ores are localized in amphibole peridotites, cortlandites, and form ore bodies varying from tens of centimeters to 5–20 m thick among the layered cortlandite-gabbroid massifs. The massive sulfide ores were found only at the bottom of cortlandite bodies and upsection grade into stringer-disseminated and disseminated ores. Pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and pentlandite are the major ore minerals with a sharply subordinate amount of pyrite, sphalerite, galena, arsenopyrite, and löllingite. Besides pentlandite, the Ni-bearing minerals include sulforasenides (gersdorffite), arsenides (nickeline), and tellurides (melonite) of nickel. It was found that PGE mineralization represented by antimonides (sudburyite) and tellurobismuthides (michenerite) of Pd with sharply subordinate platinum arsenide (sperrylite) is confined to the apical parts of massive sulfide zones and the transition zone to the stringer-disseminated ores. Ore intervals enriched in arsenides and tellurides of Ni, Pd, and Bi contain high-purity gold. In the central parts of the orebodies, the contents of PGE and native gold are insignificant. It is suggested that the contents of major sulfide minerals and the productivity of PGE mineralization in the cortlandites are defined by combined differentiation and sulfurization of ultramafic derivatives under the effect of fluids, which are accumulated at the crystallization front and cause layering of parental magmas with different sulfur contents. The fluid-assisted layering of mafic-ultramafic massifs resulted in the contrasting distribution of PGM in response to uneven distribution of sulfur (as well as As, Te, and Bi) during liquid immiscibility. The productivity of PGE mineralization significantly increases with increasing contents of S, As, Te, and Bi (elements to which Pt and, especially, Pd have high affinity) in fluids.     

Roughness control on hydraulic conductivity in fractured rocks

The influence of joint roughness on the typologies of fluid flow inside fractures is well known and, thanks to experiences in the field of hydraulics, it has been studied from both a physical and mathematical point of view. Nevertheless, the formulations adopted by traditional hydraulic models are hardly applicable in the geological field, because of the difficulty encountered in the roughness parameter estimation. Normally this parameter can be estimated using the joint roughness coefficient (JRC), which considers both the asperity height and its regularity and directional trend. The main advantage in using the JRC arises from the fact that it can easily be obtained from geological-technical surveys and from comparison with the standard Barton profiles. Some relationships have been built up that allow for the estimation of the hydraulic conductivity tensor (an essential parameter for understanding water flow in fractured rock masses), not only as a function of traditional parameters like aperture, spacing, dip and dip direction, etc., but also of joint roughness, precisely expressed in terms of the roughness coefficient. These relationships have been studied initially from a theoretical point of view and then practically, through laboratory investigations.

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Resumen  Se conoce muy bien la influencia de la rugosidad de las grietas en las tipologías del flujo de fluidos a lo interior de las fracturas y gracias a las experiencias en el campo de hidráulica ha sido posible estudiarla desde puntos de vista matemáticos y físicos. Sin embargo, las formulaciones adoptadas por los modelos hidráulicos tradicionales tienen poca aplicabilidad en el campo geológico debido a la dificultad relacionada con la estimación del parámetro de rugosidad. Normalmente este parámetro puede estimarse usando el coeficiente de rugosidad de grieta (JRC) el cual considera tanto la altura de la aspereza como su regularidad y tendencia direccional. La principal ventaja de utilizar el JRC se deriva del hecho que puede obtenerse fácilmente de levantamientos técnico-geológicos y de la comparación con los perfiles Standard Barton. Se han construido algunas relaciones que permiten la estimación del tensor de conductividad hidráulica (un parámetro esencial para el entendimiento del flujo de agua en masas de roca fracturadas), no solo en función de parámetros tradicionales como apertura, espaciado, buzamiento y dirección de buzamiento, etc., sino también en función de la rugosidad de la grieta estimada con precisión en términos del coeficiente de rugosidad. Estas relaciones se han estudiado inicialmente desde un punto de vista teórico y luego de modo práctico a través de investigaciones de laboratorio.

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Résumé  L’influence de la rugosité des joints sur les types d’écoulement de fluide dans les fractures est bien connue et a été étudiée aussi bien du point de vue physique que mathématique grace à des expériences menées dans le domaine de l’hydraulique. Cependant les formulations adoptées dans les modèles hydrauliques traditionnels sont difficilement applicables dans le domaine de la géologie à cause de la difficulté rencontrée pour estimer la rugosité. Ce paramètre peut normalement être apprécié grace au coefficient de rugosité du joint (JRC), lequel prend en compte à la fois la hauteur de l’aspérité ainsi que sa régularité et sa direction. Le principal avantage dans l’utilisation du JRC réside dans le fait qu’il peut facilement être obtenu à partir d’études techniques-géologiques et par comparaison avec la classification de Barton. Des relations qui permettent une estimation du tenseur de conductivité hydraulique (un paramètre essentiel pour comprendre l’écoulement de l’eau dans les masses rocheuses fracturées) ont été élaborées, pas seulement en fonction de paramètres traditionnels tels que l’ouverture, l’espacement, l’inclinaison et la direction d’inclinaison, etc , mais aussi en prenant en compte la rugosité des joints à travers le coefficient de rugosité. Ces relations ont initialement été étudiées d’un point de vue théorique puis expérimentalement à travers des recherches en laboratoire.

     

湘东北—桂北中元古界岩石地球化学特征

湘东北—桂北中元古代冷家溪群和四堡群的变玄武岩类显示过渡型拉斑玄武岩类的地球化学特征,变砂岩类和变泥岩类（绢云板岩类）显示大陆边缘的砂岩类和泥岩类的地球化学特征。根据岩石地球化学和沉积相（低密度流复理石建造）特征,推测湘东北冷家溪群和桂北四堡群主要形成于大陆边缘深水环境。     

硅质岩沉积地球化学研究现状

硅质岩是造山带中分布最为广泛的岩石类型之一,硅质岩沉积环境的确定对深海沉积作用、大陆边缘地质学及大地构造格架的厘定具有重要意义。目前,在硅质岩沉积地球化学研究方面有以下主要进展：①硅质岩沉积地球化学研究;②与蛇绿岩有关的硅质岩沉积地球化学研究;③物质来源研究;④古氧化还原条件研究;⑤硅质岩构造环境判别     

浙赣皖交界区新元古代火山-沉积岩系的比较——有关火山作用同期异相的探讨

本文综合野外地质、同位素年代学和岩石地球化学资料,对浙赣皖交界区,即江南造山带东段发育的众多新元古代火山—沉积岩系进行了对比研究。从岩石组合及其大地构造含义和火山作用同期异相的观点加以认识.揭示它们的内在联系,为该区地层单元的清理和归并提供依据。     

Magmatic Network Structure of Volcanic Rocks in the Shengli Oilfield, Eastern China

Types of polymerized molecular network structure and degree of bond breakdown for glass phases of magmatic inclusions and glassy matrix in volcanic rocks from the Shengli oilfield have been defined by the laser Raman spectroscopic investigation. There are significant differences in types of polymerized molecular network structure and degree of bond 'breakdown of the magmatic glass phases between the non-CO2 and COa gas pools: magmatic glass phases of fluid inclusions and matrix in volcanic rocks from the CO2 gas pool contain more sheet network molecules and have a greater degree of bond beakdown than those from the non-CO2 gas pool; and when gas bubbles occur in evolving magma, magma saturated with volatile components has more sheet network molecules. The results suggest the magma-degassing mechanism of the formation of CO2 gas pools in the Shengli oilfield.     

任丘油田开发过程中油田水水质演化特征研究

对任丘油田开发过程中油田水水质特征及演化规律进行了初步分析,探讨了人工注水对油田水质的演化影响,其结果表明,注入水对油田水泊稀释混合作用明显,破坏了油层内部水－岩作用平衡,改变了井下原来的水文地球化学环境,根据诺模图求得的一些离子含量与其实际值之间存在明显差异,表明机械混合与水－岩相互作用并存,这与实际情况是吻合的。