舟山群岛和长江口邻近海域埋藏古河道水文环境特征

应用高分辨率地球物理方法揭示舟山群岛和长江口邻近海域埋藏大量古河道。对埋藏古河道断面特征参数进行统计分析,利用河流计算公式得到埋藏古河道相关水文环境参数值。然后应用最新河型判别方法,分析判别晚更新世末次盛冰期和冰消期研究区埋藏古河道的河流类型为辫状型;并分析得到研究区古河道的宽深比(F=22.22)、悬移质含量(M=10.10%)、河道弯曲率(P=1.52)、河曲波长(L=1 647 m)等古水文泥沙环境参数分类指标。     

鄂尔多斯盆地子北油田涧峪岔地区长6油层沉积微相识别与分布特征

运用石油地质综合方法,结合现代测试技术、测井技术,将宏观与微观相结合、区域资料与单井资料相结合,在对岩石学、粒度、岩心沉积相标志及测井曲线等进行详细研究的基础上,对子北油田涧峪岔油区三叠系长6油层组各小层沉积微相及其分布规律进行了深入研究。长6油层组储层均属于三角洲平原沉积,发育分流河道和分流间湾两种主要的沉积微相。砂体展布受北东—南西走向的分流河道控制,自长62至长61,主砂体走向及分布位置有一定的继承性。分流河道砂体对本地区油气聚集有重要控制作用。     

Neural network modelling for mean velocity and turbulence intensities of steep channel flows

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential of simulating the profiles of the mean velocity and turbulence intensities for the steep open channel flows over a smooth boundary using artificial neural networks. In a laboratory flume, turbulent flow conditions were measured using a fibre‐optic laser doppler velocimeter (FLDV). One thousand and sixty‐four data sets were collected for different slopes and aspect ratios at different locations. These data sets were randomly split into two subsets, i.e. training and validation sets. The multi‐layer functional link network (MFLN) was used to construct the simulation model based on the training data. The constructed MFLN models can almost perfectly simulate the velocity profile and turbulence intensity. The values of correlation coefficient (γ) are close to one and the values of root mean square error (RMSE) are close to zero in all conditions. The results demonstrate that the MFLN can precisely simulate the velocity profiles, while the log law and Reynolds stress model (RSM) are less effective when used to simulate the velocity profiles close to the side wall. The simulated longitudinal turbulence intensities yielded by the MFLN were also fairly consistent with the measured data, while the simulated vertical turbulence intensities by the RSM were not consistent with the measured data. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Patterns in stream longitudinal profiles and implications for hyporheic exchange flow at the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest,Oregon, USA

There is a need to identify measurable characteristics of stream channel morphology that vary predictably throughout stream networks and that influence patterns of hyporheic exchange flow in mountain streams. In this paper we characterize stream longitudinal profiles according to channel unit spacing and the concavity of the water surface profile. We demonstrate that: (1) the spacing between zones of upwelling and downwelling in the beds of mountain streams is closely related to channel unit spacing; (2) the magnitude of the vertical hydraulic gradients (VHGs) driving hyporheic exchange flow increase with increasing water surface concavity, measured at specific points along the longitudinal profile; (3) channel unit spacing and water surface concavity are useful metrics for predicting how patterns in hyporheic exchange vary amongst headwater and mid‐order streams. We use regression models to describe changes in channel unit spacing and concavity in longitudinal profiles for 12 randomly selected stream reaches spanning 62 km² in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest in Oregon. Channel unit spacing increased significantly, whereas average water surface concavity (AWSC) decreased significantly with increasing basin area. Piezometer transects installed longitudinally in a subset of stream reaches were used to measure VHG in the hyporheic zone, and to determine the location of upwelling and downwelling zones. Predictions for median pool length and median distance between steps in piezometer reaches bracketed the median distance separating zones of upwelling in the stream bed. VHG in individual piezometers increased with increasing water surface concavity at individual points in the longitudinal profile along piezometer transects. Absolute values of VHG, averaged throughout piezometer transects, increased with increasing AWSC, indicating increased potential for hyporheic exchange flow. These findings suggest that average hyporheic flow path lengths increase—and the potential for hyporheic exchange flow in stream reaches decreases—along the continuum from headwater to mid‐order mountain streams. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Contraction and extension in northern Borneo driven by subduction rollback

During the Paleogene the Proto-South China Sea was subducted beneath northern Borneo. Subduction ended with Early Miocene collision of the Dangerous Grounds/Reed Bank/North Palawan block and the Sabah–Cagayan Arc. Much of northern Borneo then became emergent forming the Top Crocker Unconformity. Later in the Early Miocene subsidence resumed. It is proposed that northward subduction of the Celebes Sea initiated formation of the Sulu Sea backarc basin, followed by subduction rollback to the SE. This formed a volcanic arc, which emerged briefly above sea level and collapsed in the Middle Miocene. As rollback continued the Sulu Arc was active during Middle and Late Miocene between Sabah and the Philippines. Rollback drove extension in northern Borneo and Palawan, accompanied by elevation of mountains, crustal melting, and deformation offshore. There were two important extensional episodes. The first at about 16 Ma is marked by the Deep Regional Unconformity, and the second at about 10 Ma produced the Shallow Regional Unconformity. Both episodes caused exhumation of deep crust, probably on low angle detachments, and were followed by granite magmatism. The NW Borneo–Palawan Trough and offshore Sabah fold and thrust belt are often interpreted as features resulting from collision, regional compression or subduction. However, there is no seismicity, dipping slab or volcanicity indicating subduction, nor obvious causes of compression. The trough developed after the Middle Miocene and is not the position of the Paleogene trench nor the site of Neogene subduction. Inboard of the trough is a thick sediment wedge composed of an external fold and thrust belt and internal extensional zone with structures broadly parallel to the trough. The trough is interpreted as a flexural response to gravity-driven deformation of the sediment wedge, caused by uplift on land that resulted from extension, with a contribution of deep crustal flow.     

教改是提高大学生就业率的关键环节

从当前我国人力资源市场上大学生就业难的现象切入，通过分析大学生就业市场供求双方的经济关系，说明求职大学生在素质上与用人单位的需求之间存在较尖锐的矛盾，是大学生就业难的重要原因。解决大学生就业难的关键环节之一是通过教改提高大学生的综合素质。     

基于自适应分组的预警信息发布系统

介绍了DAB(数字音频广播)主业务信息通道的传输结构及其作用,提出了一种应用于DAB发射机在主业务信息通道传输文字模块的设计方案.该设计针对现有DAB发送文字信息所需的多样性、实时性和经济性的要求,基于MOT(多媒体对象传输)协议传输规范,利用自适应分组模式传输机制提高了DAB发射系统发送文本信息(气象预警信息、交通信息等)的灵活性和子信道容量的利用率.该方案已通过自适应分组编码软件实现.     

个旧锡石一赤铁矿一方解石脉型矿体地质特征及其研究意义

报道了在个旧锡矿松树脚矿区发现的脉状锡石一赤铁矿一方解石新型矿体,认为该新型矿体很可能是成矿流体运移的通道,同时对其成因进行了初步探讨。通过与红海型热水沉积矿床的特征进行对比分析,提出个旧锡矿“层间氧化矿”以及红海型热水沉积矿床中铁氧化物型矿床可能存在2种成因模式：第一种是热卤水自海水向海底沉积物、从上到下的热卤水分层氧化模式;第二种是成矿流体自地下深部向海底的从下到上逐步氧化模式。     

A Paleozoic subduction complex in Korea: SHRIMP zircon U–Pb ages and tectonic implications

The Wolhyeonri complex in the southwestern margin of the Korean Peninsula is divided into three lithotectonic units: Late Paleozoic Zone I to the west, Middle Paleozoic Zone II in the middle and Early Paleozoic Zone III to the east. Zones II and III display characteristics of continental arc magmatic sequence. Zone II is dominated by mafic metavolcanics, whereas zone III is characterized by the presence of dismembered serpentinite bodies including chaotic mélange. These zones are proposed to have been formed in a convergent margin setting associated with subduction. Here we present zircon SHRIMP U–Pb ages from the various units within the Wolhyeonri complex which reveal the Paleozoic tectonic history of the region. The Late Carboniferous ages obtained from the main shear zone between the Wolhyeonri complex and the Paleoproterozoic Gyeonggi massif are thought to mark the timing of continental arc magmatism associated with the subduction process. In contrast, Zone I with Neoproterozoic arc magmatic remnants might indicate deposition in a forearc basin. The Wolhyeonri complex also preserves strong imprints of the Triassic collisional event, including the presence of Middle Triassic high-pressure metabasites and eclogites near the eastern boundary of the Zone III. These range of radiogenic ages derived from the Wolhyeonri complex correlate well with subduction and accretion history between the North and South China cratons. Similar geochronological features have also been indentified from the Qinling, Tongbai–Xinxian, and northern Dabie areas in east-central China. The existence of Paleozoic coeval subduction in East Asia prior to the Triassic collision is broadly consistent with a regional tectonic linkage to Gondwana.     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S167498711000040X

The Eastern Pontides orogenic belt in the Black Sea region of Turkey offers a critical window to plate kinematics and subduction polarity during the closure of the Paleotethys. Here we provide a brief synthesis on recent information from this belt. We infer a southward subduction for the origin of the Eastern Pontides orogenic belt and its associated late Mesozoic–Cenozoic magmatism based on clear spatial and temporal variations in Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic arc magmatism, together with the existence of a prominent south-dipping reverse fault system along the entire southern coast of the Black Sea. Our model is at variance with some recent proposals favoring a northward subduction polarity, and illustrates the importance of arc magmatism in evaluating the geodynamic milieu associated with convergent margin processes.