西沙珊瑚礁中青藏高原隆升的锶同位素记录

南海珊瑚礁记录了青藏高原隆升、古季风、南海板块的构造运动，火山喷发作用等方面的信息，是独特的古环境记录类型。本文着重探讨了上新世以来青藏高原隆升与西沙珊瑚礁海水锶同位素演化的关系，并建议大洋钻探计划在西沙珊瑚礁上钻探，系统识别和提取珊瑚礁中高分辨率的古环境记录。     

盐湖卤水中锶的二次离子交换分离及锶的同位素质谱法测定

介绍了用国产树脂对盐湖卤水中锶的二次离子交换分离方法。从含有大量的Na,Mg及Ca的卤水体系中,用该方法分离出的锶能够满足同位素质谱分析,不产生同位素分馏效应。将本法用于盐湖卤水中锶同位素丰度比测定,其结果是满意的。     

Field geometry, petrography and geochemistry of a dolomitization front (Late Jurassic, central Lebanon)

This contribution describes the field geometry, petrography and geochemistry of a well-exposed dolomitization front in Upper Jurassic carbonates, and attempts to highlight the sedimentological, structural and relative sea-level controls on multiphase dolomitization and related diagenetic events. The data presented reflect the superposition of various diagenetic phases which have resulted in a single dolostone body, whose dimensions are well defined in the field. Local microbial intraclastic dolomites of Late Tithonian age accumulated in a hypersaline lagoon during relative sea-level fall. These pre-date beige hydrothermal dolostones (51 to 55 mol% CaCO₃; δ ¹⁸O: −9·3 to −4·0‰ V-PDB; δ ¹³C: −1·5 to +2·1‰ V-PDB; ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr: 0·70742; matrix porosity: ≈6%; Klinkenberg permeability: ≈0·5 mD), whose dolomitizing fluid circulated along faults and invaded the nearby facies. First, the burrows were dolomitized, then the bulk rocks, resulting in the investigated 'tongue'-shaped dolomite body. Upon Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous uplift, near-surface water percolated through – and altered – the underlying beige dolostones. This event was followed by a ferroan dolomite cement phase, which occurred during further burial. This contribution, featuring a well-defined geometric pattern of a dolomitization front with a large petrographic and geochemical data set, may also serve as a case study illustrating the complexity of superimposed diagenetic processes which have to be taken into account in modelling exercises of multiphase hydrothermal dolomitization.     

Mechanisms for anhydrite and gypsum formation in the Kuroko massive sulfide–sulfate deposits,north Japan

The Sr, Ba, and rare earth elements (REEs) concentrations and Sr isotopic composition of anhydrite and gypsum have been determined for samples from the Matsumine, Shakanai, and Hanaoka Kuroko-type massive sulfide–sulfate deposits of northern Japan to evaluate the mechanisms of sekko (anhydrite and gypsum) ore formation. The Sr isotopic compositions of the samples fall in the range of 0.7077–0.7087, intermediate between that for middle Miocene (13–15 Ma) seawater (0.7088) (Peterman et al., Geochim Cosmochim Acta, 34:105–120, 1970) and that for country rocks (e.g., 0.7030–0.7050) (Shuto, Assn Geol Collab Japan Monograph 18:91–105, 1974). The Kuroko anhydrite samples exhibit two types of chondrite-normalized REE patterns: one with a decrease from light REEs (LREEs) to heavy REEs (HREEs) (type I), and another with a LREE-depleted pattern (type II). Based on the Sr content and isotopic ratio (assuming an Sr/Ca (mM/M) of 8.7 for seawater), anhydrite is considered to have formed by mixing of preheated seawater with a hydrothermal solution of Sr/Ca (mM/M) = ca. 0.59–1.36 under the condition in which the partition coefficient (Kd) ranges between ca. 0.5 and 0.7. This results in the formation of anhydrite with higher Sr content with an Sr isotopic value close to that of seawater under seawater-dominant conditions. Larger crystals of type II anhydrite are partly replaced by smaller ones, indicating that anhydrite dissolution and recrystallization occurred after or during the formation of sekko ore. Gypsum, which partially replaces anhydrite in the Kuroko deposits, also exhibits two distinct chondrite-normalized REE patterns. Because LREEs are likely to be more readily mobilized during dissolution and recrystallization, it is hypothesized that LREEs are leached from type I anhydrite, resulting in the formation of type II anhydrite with LREE-depleted profiles.     

Interrelations between coeval mafic and A-type silicic magmas from composite dykes in a bimodal suite of southern Israel, northernmost Arabian–Nubian Shield: Geochemical and isotope constraints

Late Neoproterozoic bimodal dyke suites are abundant in the Arabian–Nubian Shield. In southern Israel this suite includes dominant alkaline quartz porphyry dykes, rare mafic dykes, and numerous composite dykes with felsic interiors and mafic margins. The quartz porphyry chemically corresponds to A-type granite. Composite dykes with either abrupt or gradational contacts between the felsic and mafic rocks bear field, petrographic and chemical evidence for coexistence and mixing of basaltic and rhyolitic magmas. Mixing and formation of hybrid intermediate magmas commenced at depth and continued during emplacement of the dykes. Oxygen isotope ratios of alkali feldspar in quartz porphyry (13 to 15‰) and of plagioclase in trachydolerite (10–11‰) are much higher than their initial magmatic ratios predicted by equilibrium with unaltered quartz (8 to 9‰) and clinopyroxene (5.8‰). The elevation of δ¹⁸O in alkali feldspar and plagioclase, and extensive turbidization and sericitization call for post-magmatic low-temperature (≤ 100 °C) water–rock interaction. Hydrous alteration of alkali feldspar, the major carrier of Rb and Sr in the quartz–porphyry, also accounts for the highly variable and unusually high I(Sr) of 0.71253 to 0.73648.

The initial ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios, expressed by ε_Nd(T) values, are probably unaltered and show small variation in mafic and felsic rocks within a narrow range from + 1.4 to + 3.3. The Nd isotope signature suggests either a common mantle source for the mafic and silicic magmas or a juvenile crustal source for the felsic rocks (metamorphic rocks from the Elat area). However, oxygen isotope ratios of zircon in quartz porphyry [δ¹⁸O(Zrn) = 6.5 to 7.2‰] reveal significant crustal contribution to the rhyolite magma, suggesting that mafic and A-type silicic magmas are not co-genetic, although coeval. Comparison of ¹⁸O/¹⁶O ratios in zircon allows to distinguish two groups of A-type granites in the region: those with mantle-derived source, δ¹⁸O(Zrn) ranging from 5.5 to 5.8‰ (Timna and Katharina granitoids) and those with major contribution of the modified juvenile crustal component, δ¹⁸O(Zrn) varying from 6.5 to 7.2‰ (Elat quartz porphyry dykes and the Yehoshafat alkaline granite). This suggests that A-type silicic magmas in the northern ANS originated by alternative processes almost coevally.     

滇西两个碱性岩体Rb、Sr同位素资料的再认识

滇西两个碱性岩体的Rb、Sr同位素研究结果：白云山正长岩同位素年龄为85MaBP，^76Sr／^86Sr的初始比值为0．7097；小桥头石英正长岩^87St／^86Sr的初始比值为0．7038。另据矿物组成和地球化学特征等，表明白云山正长岩类似钠质碱性系列的岩石。     

长江三峡中坝遗址地层中Rb和Sr的分布特征及其古气候演变

长江三峡中坝遗址是我国目前仅有的、世界上也罕见的“通史式”遗址。它不仅蕴藏大量的文化内涵,而且包含极其丰富的自然环境演变信息,是研究三峡地区全新世环境演变的理想剖面。文章对遗址地层中的铷(Rb)、锶(Sr)值进行了测试和分析,结果显示:剖面地层中的Rb含量偏低,而Sr含量偏高,Rb/Sr比值变化较大。Rb/Sr比值已成为区域环境演变研究中较理想的替代指标,根据Rb/Sr比值的环境指示意义发现,长江三峡地区全新世中晚期以来气候环境总体上逐渐趋于恶劣;气候冷暖湿热变化剧烈;寒冷期长于温暖期,并没有明显地向湿热方向发展趋势。与长江下游等东部其他地区相比,长江三峡地区也存在明显不同之处:隋唐暖期不明显,而中世纪暖期表现显著。     

Kinematic reworking and exhumation within the convergent Alpine Orogen

Kinematic data from the internal zones of the Western Alps indicate both top-to-SE and top-to-NW shearing during synkinematic greenschist facies recrystallisation. Rb/Sr data from white micas from different kinematic domains record a range of ages that does not represent closure through a single thermal event but reflects the variable timing of synkinematic mica recrystallisation at temperatures between 300 and 450 °C. The data indicate an initial phase of accretion and foreland-directed thrusting at ca. 60 Ma followed by almost complete reworking of thrust-related deformation by SE-directed shearing. This deformation is localised within oceanic units of the Combin Zone and the base of the overlying Austroalpine basement, and forms a regional scale shear zone that can be traced for almost 50 km perpendicular to strike. The timing of deformation in this shear zone spans 9 Ma from 45 to 36 Ma. The SE-directed shear leads to local structures that cut upwards in the transport direction with respect to tectonic stratigraphy, and such structures have been interpreted in the past as backthrusts in response to ongoing Alpine convergence. However, on a regional scale, the top-to-SE deformation is related to crustal extension, not shortening, and is coincident with exhumation of eclogites in its footwall. During this extension phase, deformation within the shear zone migrated both spatially and temporally giving rise to domains of older shear zone fabrics intercalated with zones of localised reworking. Top-NW kinematics preserved within the Combin Zone show a range of ages. The oldest (48 Ma) may reflect the final stages of emplacement of Austroalpine Units above Piemonte oceanic rocks prior to the onset of extension. However, much of the top-to-NW deformation took place over the period of extension and may reflect either continuing or episodic convergence or tectonic thinning of the shear zone.⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar data from the region are complicated due to the widespread occurrence of excess ⁴⁰Ar in eclogite facies micas and partial Ar loss during Alpine heating. Reliable ages from both eclogite and greenschist facies micas indicate cooling ages in different tectonic units of between 32 and 40 Ma. These ages are slightly younger than Rb/Sr deformation ages and suggest that cooling below ca. 350 °C occurred after juxtaposition of the units by SE-directed extensional deformation.Our data indicate a complex kinematic history involving both crustal shortening and extension within the internal zones of the Alpine Orogen. To constrain the palaeogeographic and geodynamic evolution of the Alps requires that these data be integrated with data from the more external zones of the orogen. Complexity such as that described is unlikely to be restricted to the Western Alps and spatially and temporally variable kinematic data are probably the norm in convergent orogens. Recognising such features is fundamental to the correct tectonic interpretation of both modern and ancient orogens.     

The Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age in the Daihai Area, North China

Rb/Sr ratio, CaCO3 content, organic carbon (Corg) concentration, magnetic suscep-tibility and clay mineralogy of 4.0 m sediments samples recovered from Daihai Lake, northern China, are presented in the paper. Weathering and paleoclimatic change history during the last 2300 years is reconstructed in terms of the variations of Rb/Sr ratios in the sediment sequence, including the Little Ice Age and Medieval Warm Period. Our results suggest that the evolution processes of weathering and paleoclimate can be rebuilt in terms of the variations of Rb/Sr ratios in the lake sediment sequence, in combination with magnetic susceptibility, Corg, CaCO3 contents and clay mineralogy.     

锶同位素体系对治岭头金银矿床成矿物质源岩的限制

治岭头金银矿床形成于晚侏罗世大规模的火山喷发之后,主成矿期年龄为１００×１０６ａ。锶同位素体系的研究,提供了对该金银矿床成矿物质源岩的限定,表明变质岩和火山岩作为成矿物源都参加了成矿过程,其成矿源岩约４０％为前寒武纪变质岩,６０％为晚侏罗世的火山岩。