不同结构林带防风效能风洞模拟

防风林带结构是影响防风效能的主要因素。建立不同宽度、不同株行距林带防风效能与林带后距离之间的统计模型,可以为防风林建设提供指导性意见。通过风洞实验,在11 m·s^-1风速下,对4种宽度、5种株行距林带的背风面0~10H（H为林带高度）的风速进行测定,采用曲线参数估计法、傅立叶模型、SSF模型（Sum of Sin Functions）,构建了不同结构林带防风效能与林带后距离间的统计模型。结果表明：傅立叶模型拟合不同宽度林带的防风效能与林带后距离的关系效果最优,可决系数（R²）均在98%以上;SSF模型拟合不同株行距林带的防风效能与林带后距离的关系效果最优（R²>0.98）。根据构建的统计模型,风速为11 m·s^-1左右时,林带宽度8 m（两行一带）的防风林的防风效能存在明显优势;5种株行距的林带中,株行距为8 m×8 m的防风林带本试验条件下防风效果最好。     

天文CMOS相机测试平台及控制系统的实现

CMOS相机是一种重要的固体成像设备?随着科研级CMOS相机的性能不断提高,现已广泛应用于科研领域?新真空太阳望远镜的成像设备也使用CMOS相机?因此建立一个天文CMOS相机测试系统?对于新购CMOS相机的验收以及现有CMOS相机的定期检测和维护有十分重要的意义。介绍了CMOS相机测试平台的硬件组成,并针对实际测试中对设备控制的需求,以及利用控制器对相应的设备直接控制,提出了基于TCP/IP协议以及串口通信的设计方案?利用C#编程语言设计了一套多线程并行的控制系统软件?实现各设备在局域网内的远程并行控制。通过对设备的运行测试,结果表明,系统能良好地控制各设备的正常运行?满足测试系统集成控制的需求.     

BDS3新试验卫星测距信号质量分析

中国的北斗卫星导航系统按照“三步走”的发展战略稳步推进,目前正处于第二代区域卫星导航系统向第三代全球卫星导航系统发展的关键时期。在郑州设置实验测站,实地采集BDS3新试验卫星的数据,分别从卫星可见数、信号频点、载噪比、伪距观测噪声值、多路径效应等方面分析BDS3试验卫星测距信号的质量。结果表明:对于相同频点,不同卫星的载噪比、伪距噪声、多路径效应变化略有不同,一般而言,倾斜同步轨道卫星(IGSO)的性能优于中轨道卫星(MEO)的性能;相同轨道类型的卫星,载噪比、伪距噪声、多路径效应水平相似,并且载噪比、伪距噪声、多路径效应在各个频点的相对大小关系基本一致。     

Two-stage permutation tests for determining homogeneity within a spatial cluster

The discovery of spatial clusters formed by proximal spatial units with similar non-spatial attribute values plays an important role in spatial data analysis. Although several spatial contiguity-constrained clustering methods are currently available, almost all of them discover clusters in a geographical dataset, even though the dataset has no natural clustering structure. Statistically evaluating the significance of the degree of homogeneity within a single spatial cluster is difficult. To overcome this limitation, this study develops a permutation test approach Specifically, the homogeneity of a spatial cluster is measured based on the local variance and cluster member permutation, and two-stage permutation tests are developed to determine the significance of the degree of homogeneity within each spatial cluster. The proposed permutation tests can be integrated into the existing spatial clustering algorithms to detect homogeneous spatial clusters. The proposed tests are compared with four existing tests (i.e., Park’s test, the contiguity-constrained nonparametric analysis of variance (COCOPAN) method, spatial scan statistic, and q-statistic) using two simulated and two meteorological datasets. The comparison shows that the proposed two-stage permutation tests are more effective to identify homogeneous spatial clusters and to determine homogeneous clustering structures in practical applications.     

Closed-loop randomized kinodynamic path planning for an autonomous underwater vehicle

A randomized kinodynamic path planning algorithm based on the incremental sampling-based method is proposed here as the state-of-the-art in this field applicable in an autonomous underwater vehicle. Designing a feasible path for this vehicle from an initial position and velocity to a target position and velocity in three-dimensional spaces by considering the kinematic constraints such as obstacles avoidance and dynamic constraints such as hard bounds and non-holonomic characteristic of AUV are the main motivation of this research. For this purpose, a closed-loop rapidly-exploring random tree (CL-RRT) algorithm is presented. This CL-RRT consists of three tightly coupled components: a RRT algorithm, three fuzzy proportional-derivative controllers for heading and diving control and a six degree-of-freedom nonlinear AUV model. The branches of CL-RRT are expanded in the configuration space by considering the kinodynamic constraints of AUV. The feasibility of each branch and random offspring vertex in the CL-RRT is checked against the mentioned constraints of AUV. Next, if the planned branch is feasible by the AUV, then the control signals and related vertex are recorded through the path planner to design the final path. This proposed algorithm is implemented on a single board computer (SBC) through the xPC Target and then four test-cases are designed in 3D space. The results of the processor-in-the-loop tests are compared by the conventional RRT and indicate that the proposed CL-RRT not only in a rapid manner plans an initial path, but also the planned path is feasible by the AUV.     

An efficient and robust approach to predict ship self-propulsion coefficients

Achieving a reliable and accurate numerical prediction of the self-propulsion performance of a ship is still an open problem that poses some relevant issues. Several CFD methods, ranging from boundary element methods (BEM) to higher-fidelity viscous Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) based solvers, can be used to accurately analyze the separate problems, i.e. the open water propeller and the hull calm water resistance. However, when the fully-coupled self-propulsion problem is considered, i.e. the hull advancing at uniform speed propelled by its own propulsion system, several complexities rise up. Typical flow simplifications adopted to speed-up the simulations of the single analysis (hull and propeller separately) lose their validity requiring a more complex solver to tackle the fully-coupled problem. The complexity rises up further when considering a maneuver condition. This aspect increases the computational burden and, consequently, the required time which becomes prohibitive in a preliminary ship design stage.The majority of the simplified methods proposed in literature to include propeller effects, without directly solve the propeller flow, in a high-fidelity viscous solver are not able to provide all the commonly required self-propulsion coefficients. In this work, a new method to enrich the results from a body force based approach is proposed and investigated, with the aim to reduce as much as possible the computational burden without losing any useful result. This procedure is tested for validation on the KCS hull form in self-propulsion and maneuver conditions.     

GNSS多天线基线网单历元模糊度同步解算法

提出多天线基线网单历元模糊度同步解算法,其具体实现步骤为:1)根据宽巷组合模糊度易于固定的优点,采用附加已知基线长度约束法同步解算各基线的宽巷模糊度,得到dm～cm级精度的近似基线分量;2)将解算得到的各近似基线分量作为约束,同步解算各基线的基频模糊度,以获取mm级精度的基线矢量。该方法的关键在于检验各历元宽巷模糊度解算的正确性,以获取可靠的近似基线分量,为解算各基线的基频模糊度提供准确的基线先验信息。由于动态情况下各历元观测信息比较少,单纯依赖ratio检验不可靠,提出结合基线误差、单位权中误差、基线网模糊度闭合环及ratio值等对多组宽巷模糊度进行检验,避免ratio值设置不当导致模糊度检验中发生纳伪和弃真问题。实测数据结果证明,该处理方法使得模糊度解算的成功率提高1%～2%,可以获取移动平台更丰富的导航信息,提高其服务能力。     

基于改进的向后-向前选择法粗差定位与估值算法

对传统的向后-向前选择法粗差定位方法进行改进,即在原有基础上加入对平差模型的整体检验,计算统计量的相关系数,通过对偏相关系数的检验来定位统计量相关的粗差观测值。通过模拟粗差算例证明,该算法能够准确定位多维粗差,有效改善粗差定位转移的现象,且粗差估值结果比较可靠。     

含沙浑水体的黏度测量及应用分析

含沙浑水体的高速冲击会对海底构筑物造成破坏,在计算浑水体对构筑物的作用力时,黏度是一项重要参数。本文利用落球试验和流变仪测试试验,测定了不同浓度含沙浑水体的黏度,给出其起始黏度与动力作用后的稳定黏度。结果表明:含沙量在大于400g/L时,浑水体为可用赫巴模型描述的非牛顿流体,并可简化为宾汉体;在含沙量小于400g/L时,浑水体仍可用宾汉体模型描述,在忽略较小的初始剪切应力时,可简化为牛顿流体。浓度大于400g/L的浑水体的起始黏度约为稳定黏度的100倍。文中讨论了含沙浑水体起始黏度与稳定黏度在工程计算应用中的适用情况。     

基于多模CORS的网络RTK服务性能测试

从北斗地基增强系统建设出发,分析多模CORS实验网,提供多模网络RTK服务,增强北斗卫星导航系统的应用。根据实时测量精度、定位服务的时效性、时间可用性、空间可用性和实用性测试,评价实验网提供的网络RTK服务性能。测试结果表明通过加入北斗导航卫星系统信号,定位精度略为提高,可有效改善电离层模型,提高流动站固定的效率,可以解决困难环境的作业问题,提高作业效率。