湖南千里山花岗岩的岩石学和地球化学研究

本文从岩石学、岩石化学等方面详细研究了湘南东坡矿田内的花岗岩体,认为岩体分四次侵入就位。前三次侵入岩体在岩体的产状、岩石的矿物成分、化学成分及稀土元素和其他微量元素的分配上都具有明显的相同演化趋势,表明它们是同源岩浆分离结晶作用的产物,而第四次侵入岩体则不符合这一演化趋势,表明与前三者不是同源岩浆产物,根据其产状特征,可能来自更深的位置。不同期次的侵入体,具有不同的矿化特征,从而构成本矿田特有的成矿模式。     

河北兴隆平泉地区花岗岩类地球化学特征

本文通过大量实际资料,对兴隆平泉地区花岗岩类岩石化学、部分金属元素、微量元素及稀土元素分布等进行分析,主要论述了该区与成矿有关的两类岩石即花岗岩-花岗斑岩类及花岗闪长岩类岩石的地球化学特征,指出两类岩石在地球化学特征上的差异不仅与岩性有关,而且主要与成矿物质来源有关。     

香花岭蚀变花岗岩及交代岩的稀土元素地球化学

香花岭花岗岩在云英岩化过程中,REE从花岗岩中被大量淋滤进入流体相。当这些热流体进入碳酸岩围岩,并与之进行钙—镁质交代时,REE沉淀析出。从本区现有资料看REE在热液中的迁移能力是有限的,即在近接触带交代岩中REE含量较高,远离接触带交代岩仅表现为HREE增高,说明在这种热流体中HREE的移迁能力强于LREE。研究表明,在与镁矽卡岩有关的交代一热液矿床中,镁质交代杂岩的REE分布特征可以作为成矿流体来源的示踪剂,而且也能反映成矿流体在运移过程中的物理化学条件的变化。     

我国花岗斑岩中的铅猛钛铁矿

铅锰钛铁矿呈不规则粒状、片状产于内蒙古的花岗斑岩中。本文对该矿物作了电子探针分析,计算出其化学式并简化为(Pb,Na,K)(Ti,Fe,Zn,Mn)_(21)O_(38)。单晶X射线衍射结果表明它是三方晶系,空间群R3,晶胞参数a=10.378(13)A,c=20.809(15)A,Z=3。     

A survey of numerical methods for stochastic differential equations

The development of numerical methods for stochastic differential equations has intensified over the past decade. The earliest methods were usually heuristic adaptations of deterministic methods, but were found to have limited accuracy regardless of the order of the original scheme. A stochastic counterpart of the Taylor formula now provides a framework for the systematic investigation of numerical methods for stochastic differential equations. It suggests numerical schemes, which involve multiple stochastic integrals, of higher order of convergence. We shall survey the literature on these and on the earlier schemes in this paper. Our discussion will focus on diffusion processes, but we shall also indicate the extensions needed to handle processes with jump components. In particular, we shall classify the schemes according to strong or weak convergence criteria, depending on whether the approximation of the sample paths or of the probability distribution is of main interest.     

Near-fault strong motion complexity of the 2000 Tottori earthquake (Japan) from a broadband source asperity model

The October 6/2000 Tottori earthquake that occurred in central Japan was an intermediate size strike-slip event that produced a very large number of near field strong motion recordings. The large amount of recorded data provides a unique opportunity for investigating a source asperity model of the Tottori earthquake that, combined with a hybrid strong motion simulation technique, is able to reproduce the observed broadband frequency near-fault ground motion.

We investigated the optimum source asperity parameters of the Tottori earthquake, by applying a Genetic Algorithm (GA) inversion scheme to optimise the fitting between simulated and observed response spectra and Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) values. We constrained the initial model of our inversion by using the heterogeneous slip distribution obtained from a kinematic inversion of the source of previous studies. We used all the observed near-fault ground motions (−100 m) from the borehole strong motion network of Japan (KiK-Net), which are little affected by surficial geology (site effects).

The calculation of broadband frequency strong ground motion (0.1–10 Hz) is achieved by applying a hybrid technique that combines a deterministic simulation of the wave propagation for the low frequencies and a semi-stochastic modelling approach for the high frequencies. For the simulation of the high frequencies, we introduce a frequency-dependent radiation pattern model that efficiently removes the dependence of the pattern coefficient on the azimuth and take-off angle as the frequency increases. The good agreement between the observed and simulated broadband ground motions shows that our inversion procedure is successful in estimating the optimum asperity parameters of the Tottori earthquake and provides a good test for the strong ground motion simulation technique.

The ratio of background stress drop to average asperity stress drop from our inversion is nearly 50%, in agreement with the theoretical asperity model of Das and Kostrov [Das, S., Kostrov, B.V., 1986. Fracture of a single asperity on a finite fault: a model for weak earthquakes? Earthquake Source Mechanics, AGU, pp. 91–96.], and an empirical ratio of asperities to rupture area [Seismol. Res. Lett. 70 (1999) 59–80.].

The simulated radiation pattern is very complex for epicentral distances within half the fault length, but it approaches the radiation of a double-couple point source for larger distances.

The rupture velocity and rise time have a significant influence on the Peak Ground Velocity (PGV) distribution around the fault. An increase in rupture velocity produces a similar effect on the ground motion as a reduction in rise time.     

Enrichment characteristics of radioelements in various types of rock from Sambalpur district,Orissa, India

Over the years a large number of rock samples were collected by the explorationists of Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research (AMD), Department of Atomic Energy from Sambalpur district, Orissa, India. The variation of uranium enrichment with various types of rock in these samples was studied with an aim to help quick reviewing of toposheets in case of newly taken up areas, for uranium exploration. The radioelements U, Th and K determined for these samples are plotted in ternary diagrams for classifying them as being uraniferous or thoriferous with respect to various type of rocks, keeping the total natural content of radioelements (expressed by eUP₃O₈) as a parameter. In this study it is seen that samples of quartzofeldspathic breccia type are enriched in uranium irrespective of their further sub classification and eU₃O₈ content. Granites are enriched in thorium when eU₃O₈ < 100 ppm and are enriched in uranium when eU₃O₈ > 100 ppm. A database prepared for this purpose may be useful for reviewing toposheets in future     

Early Paleozoic Magmatism and Gold Mineralization in the Northern Aitun, NW China

Abstract This paper discusses the relationships between granitic magmatism and gold mineralization and the exhumation history of the Dapinggou gold deposit in northern Altun, NW China based on the geochronological data, including zircon U‐Pb ages, Rb‐Sr isochron age and ⁴⁰Ar‐³⁹Ar dating and MDD modeling data. The main granitic magmatism age in this area is attained from the ID TIMS U‐Pb geochronology of zircons from the Kuoshibulak granite, the biggest granite in the northern Altun area, which gives a concordant age of 443±5 Ma in the Late Ordovician. Zircon ID TIMS U‐Pb geochronology of the West Dapinggou biotite granite west of the Dapinggou gold deposit gives concordant ages around 485±10 Ma, representing the early stage of Ordovician magmatism. The Rb‐Sr isochron age (487±21 Ma) of 6 quartz inclusion samples from quartz veins in this gold deposit is very close to that of the West Dapinggou granite. MDD modeling of step heating ⁴⁰Ar‐³⁹Ar data of K‐feldspar from the same West Dapinggou biotite granite gives a rapid cooling history from 300°C to 150°C during 200–185 Ma. According to the age data and the geological setting of this area, we conclude that the Dapinggou gold deposit was formed at the early stage of the Early Paleozoic granitic magmatism in northern Altun, and exhumed in the Early Jurassic due to the normal faulting of the Lapeiquan detachment. The Early Paleozoic magmatism may provide heat source and produce geological fluids, which are very important for gold mineralization. Exhumation in the Mesozoic caused the uplift of the deposit towards the ground surface.     

花岗岩中熔融包裹体恢复均匀化后探针片的磨制工艺

针对磨制样品十分细小和较薄等特点，采用如下三个步骤磨制：①以加热过的细小样品为中心创建一磨制平面；②将样品周围的岩石薄块磨至接近细小样品的相同厚度；③在抛光机上抛光，使包裹体完全露出表面。文中还介绍了样品磨毛后观察其中包裹体的方法以及包裹体完全磨出表面后的若干识别标志。     

新疆准噶尔地区花岗岩中微粒闪长质包体特征及后碰撞花岗质岩浆起源和演化

新疆准噶尔地区也布山、庙儿沟两个晚古生代后碰撞准铝一过铝质花岗岩体中，广泛发育大量的暗色微粒闪长质包体。岩石学、矿物学、主量元素和微量元素地球化学研究表明，包体与其寄主岩存在明显的亲缘关系。东准噶尔也布山黑云母花岗岩体中的暗色微粒包体与寄主岩有相似的地球化学成分，表明它是与寄主花岗岩相同成因的同源包体，是来自上地幔的基性岩浆经过高度演化、结晶分异的产物；西准噶尔庙儿沟二长花岗岩体中含钾长石斑晶的微粒包体则主要是由幔源的下地壳基性岩部分熔融形成的残余体，被酸性岩浆携带并发生成分上的同化和混染，最后在上地壳侵位的产物。同准噶尔碱性花岗岩一样，载荷包体的准铝一过铝质花岗岩是晚古生代后碰撞阶段构造一岩浆活动的岩石类型之一，其形成和演化标志了准噶尔地区后碰撞幔源岩浆底侵作用导致大陆地壳垂向生长的过程。