Benthic macroinvertebrates as indicators of environmental deterioration in a large microtidal estuary

This study tested the hypothesis that, during recent years, the benthic macroinvertebrate fauna of the large basin of the Swan-Canning Estuary has changed in ways consistent with deteriorating environmental conditions in that estuary. Between 1986/7 and 2003/4, the compositions of that fauna altered markedly at the species and even family levels. Thus, the densities and number of species of molluscs, and especially of crustaceans, which are particularly susceptible to environmental stress, declined, while those of the more tolerant polychaetes increased. However, taxonomic distinctness declined consistently only at one of the four widely-spaced sampling sites and the dispersion of samples did not differ markedly between periods, indicating that the benthic fauna has not undergone such extreme changes as in the nearby Peel-Harvey Estuary. It is thus proposed that benthic macroinvertebrates can act as important indicators of the severity of environmental degradation in microtidal estuaries in regions where such perturbations are increasing.     

Strymon and Strymonikos Gulf basins (Northern Greece): Implications on their formation and evolution from faulting

In Central and Eastern Macedonia of Northern Greece large NW–SE trending basins filled up mainly with terrestrial sediments developed during the Neogene over the Alpine basement rocks. Among them, the Strymon basin was established along the NNW–SSE trending Strouma/Strymon Lineament which formed over the tectonic boundary of the Serbomacedonian and Rhodope massifs, both representing the hinterland of the Hellenic orogen. The present study suggests that the Strymon basin was not formed as a syn-detachment basin over the Strymon Valley Detachment Fault, considered to have caused exhumation of the Rhodope massif metamorphic complex. Instead, transpressional s.l. tectonics dominated the region in the Late Oligocene-Early Miocene and it progressively changed into a wrench tectonics under which the Strymon basin has been initiated in the Middle Miocene. The basin continued to develop further under a short-lived NW–SE extension in the Middle-Late Miocene. The whole deformation is attributed to the late-stage collisional processes between the Apulia and Eurasia plates. The prevalent NE–SW extension has been constrained later on in the Late Miocene and Pliocene times activating both low-angle and high-angle NW–SE trending faults and causing the regional tilting towards the SW of the mountain fault blocks (i.e., mountain chains). From Quaternary onwards, the Strymon basin has been separated from the Strymonikos Gulf basin due to an N–S extension that mainly activates E–W striking normal faults.     

单轴加载条件下瑞利波偏振和不同震相波速对应力敏感性的实验研究

岩石应力状态的改变会使接收到的波形发生变化,这是利用弹性波检测介质性质和应力变化的基础.研究对应力敏感的弹性波参数及其分析方法对于发展介质应力监测技术具有重要意义.本文在实验室内以长方体花岗岩为样本,在不同的单轴压力下重复激发超声波且用三分量的传感器接收,利用记录的全波形信息研究了不同震相的到时、Rayleigh波偏振与岩石应力状态变化的关系.结果表明:①不同震相的波速对应力变化的敏感性为10-8/Pa数量级,且敏感程度从大到小依次为:Rayleigh波＞S波＞P波.②随着应力的增大,Rayleigh波偏振变强,但其敏感性随应力增大而变小,这反映出了介质性质的非线性变化特性.③应力较小时,Rayleigh波偏振对应力的敏感性比波速大数倍.     

饱和南京细砂永久应变势模型的试验研究

土单元永久应变势的预测模型是土动力学的重要研究内容之一。现有的土单元永久应变势模型没有反映振动孔压增长的影响,难以合理解释地震动作用引起的饱和砂土地基永久变形一般是由土层软化或再固结变形所致的机理。基于饱和南京细砂永久变形动三轴试验结果的有效应力状态分析,研究了试样的永久变形与振动孔压增长的关系,建立了一个能反映振动孔压增长影响的土单元永久应变势模型,给出了土单元永久应变势的数学表达式,分析了土单元永久应变势模型参数的影响因素。初步的验证性试验表明:模型预测与试验测得的试样永久应变势与振动孔压增长曲线比较接近,说明该模型具有一定的合理性。     

The international developmental state: The Japanese intellectual property system in Vietnam

This article explores the international implications of the developmental state model of Japanese capitalism. It does so by investigating the extension of Japanese intellectual property (IP) policy and practice in Vietnam. The escalating role of intellectual property within Japanese industrial policy is first framed according to Johnson’s developmental state thesis and extended in reference to the ‘flying geese’ model of regional development in East Asia. This latter approach anticipates Vietnam’s growing importance as a site for Japanese foreign direct investment and technology transfer. Interviews with key informants from both countries and analysis of policy documents provide evidence of the extra-territorial practices employed by Japanese companies, government agencies, and IP intermediaries in Vietnam. These accounts bring to light key developmental mechanisms, such as the packaging of IP internationalization within Japan’s official development assistance (ODA) and the overseas pro-bono work performed by IP intermediary associations in which the line between benevolence and self-interest is blurred. The paper concludes by interpreting these practices in accordance with the broader strategic imperatives of Japan in the region.     

多年冻土区矿山开采研究现状及展望

多年冻土区蕴藏着丰富的矿产资源,矿业开发已成为多年冻土区经济发展的主要产业之一.但是,在其开采过程将不可避免地受到冻土的影响,也造成多年冻土区生态环境恶化的影响.在西部大开发的进程中,能源需求量逐渐增加,而多年冻土区矿山露天开采量逐渐减少,开展多年冻土区矿山地下开采相关的研究工作显得尤为迫切.在分析和总结前人研究成果的...     

冀北凹陷高于庄组与洪水庄组在岩芯、露头中多赋存态生物标志物的对比

利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对采自燕山地区冀北凹陷的中元古界长城系高于庄组(Chg)灰岩和蓟县系洪水庄组(Jxh)泥页岩露头和岩芯中不同赋存状态生物标志物进行了分析.正构烷烃和萜类生物标志物显示从高于庄组(Chg)到洪水庄组(Jxh)生源由浮游类和底栖类为主转变为浮游类为主,而沉积水体的盐度则由高变低.露头样品和相应岩芯中...     

吉林南部辉南-靖宇地区岩石圈地幔氧化-还原状态及研究意义

吉林省南部辉南-靖宇地区第四纪碱性玄武岩中的地幔包体主要为尖晶石相二辉橄榄岩和方辉橄榄岩。二辉橄榄岩和方辉橄榄岩的平衡温度分别为770~1000℃和850~1025℃,对应的氧逸度 (f_O2)值分别为FMQ -0.70至+0.34 (均值为FMQ -0.06) 和FMQ -0.46至+0.05 (均值为FMQ -0.15),它们与深海橄榄岩(abyssal peridotites)以及软流圈地幔的f_O2相似。橄榄岩的f_O2值,连同其全岩化学成分(如Mg^#、Al₂O₃、CaO、Ni、Co和Cr)和矿物化学成分(如橄榄石的Fo、尖晶石的Cr^#和Mg^#,以及辉石的Mg^#)特征,表明辉南-靖宇地区龙岗火山群下面的岩石圈地幔很可能是在晚中生代以来,伴随着华北克拉通和扬子板块的碰撞以及来自东侧太平洋板块和北侧蒙古-额霍次克(Mongolo-Okhotsk)板块分别向西和向南的俯冲叠加,原来的古老岩石圈失衡、塌陷(拆沉？),取而代之的深部软流圈底辟、上涌,又经历了低度部分熔融的产物。     

碳质板岩力学性质研究

以广甘公路茂县段碳质板岩为研究对象,通过单轴实验和三轴实验,在不同围压和不同状态条件下,结合岩石本构关系和破坏特点,研究碳质板岩的力学性质,测量碳质板岩的强度参数,为工程实践提供参考.     

北海珍珠养殖区与非养殖区海域水体氮含量的分布及其与环境因子的关系

根据2008年9月和2009年4月对广西北海海域珍珠养殖区和非养殖区水体各形态氮含量的调查资料,采用对比手法研究其氮循环特征及其与环境因子的关系.结果表明：研究海域水体各种形态氮含量无论在季节上还是区域上,均突出地体现了养殖生物的释放作用和陆源排污的影响作用.氮的含量变化随着区域和季节不同而显示出特有的规律.春季,正值珠贝插核期的养殖区水体中的氮含量较低,并在不同区域随生物链作用呈现出很好的规律性,各形态氮含量与环境因子之间呈相关的几率较高,其中DON含量与pH值以及DIN含量与SS和TOC含量之间的负相关性均达到了非常显著水平（p〈0.01）,但水环境是以耗氧过程影响为主.秋季,随着养殖珠贝进入养成期,在其摄食和排泄压力大幅度增加的同时,以主要存在形态出现的TN、DN、DON含量亦大幅度上升,但作为浮游植物直接吸收的DIN含量却在明显上升的情况下仍然远低于一类海水水质标准值,只有NH4-N含量与水温呈显著负相关（p〈0.05）,水环境却以增氧状态出现.而非养殖区水体的氮含量无论是春季还是秋季,只是从TN、PN、DN含量的分布上体现了与养殖区的一致性,其余形态氮含量的分布则多与养殖区的相反;各形态氮含量与环境因子之间的相关性则秋季较春季密切,尤其DN、NH4-N与SS含量的负相关性,DIN含量与pH值的正相关性非常显著（p〈0.01）.从春秋季整个海区氮含量的变化情况（春季TN、DN、DON、DIN含量的变化范围分别为10.66~16.96、6.82~12.85、4.43~11.63、0.69~2.81 mol/dm3,平均值分别为13.46、8.86、7.11、1.75 mol/dm3;秋季TN、DN、DON、DIN含量的变化范围分别为14.07~28.01、12.22~23.01、11.01~21.59、1.08~3.11 mol/dm3,平均值分别为20.54、17.00、15.34、1.65 mol/dm3）可见,研究海域无论养殖区还是非养殖区氮循环状况良好,生物链作用在其中起着重要的作用.这对于研究海域生态环境的可持续发展极为有利.