慢旋转星体结构的微扰方法

本文用微扰的方法求解在广义相对论框架下，均匀慢旋转的轴对称的稳定星体的结构方程，对旋转的处理精确到角速度的二级近似．并用１０种可能的中子星的物态方程，计算了相应的稳定星体的结构．通过对物态方程Ｇ的详细计算结果，具体讨论了旋转对中子星的结构参量及各种性质的影响．     

关于城市地震

本文提出了一种新观点，即大城市的出现对地震有激发作用，列举了被认为是城市激发的震例，讨论了城市地震发生的机理，其中仅从重力荷载这一个方面的定量讨论中也可以得出：如果其它外力对地震有激发作用，那么城市激发地震的现象更值得重视，还讨论了涉及到城市激发地震的其它问题．     

自引力辐射体系的熵与引力坍缩

本文利用李立新和刘辽导出的黑洞视界附近的辐射态方程，计算了约束在一个球形盒子中的目引力辐射体系的墙（不含中心黑洞和含有中心黑洞两种情况）．与Sorkin等人的计算比较，本文的结果不会出现发散困难，而且体系的总摘（包括中心黑洞的墙）的上阳正好等于坍缩后形成的同质量的黑洞嫡．作者认为，自引力辐射体系坍绩的合理模式是先形成中心黑洞，然后中心黑洞逐渐长大直至整个体系全部坍缩为黑洞．在坍缩过程中，任一中间态的媳总是比末态的黑洞墙小，到坍缩过程结束总熵才等于对应的黑洞摘．这一结果为黑洞滴的起源提供了一个合理的解释．     

Sensitivity analysis for parameter identification in quasi‐static poroelasticity

This paper is devoted to the formulation of the direct differentiation method and adjoint state method in quasi‐static linear poroelasticity. We derive the strong and weak formulation of both methods and discuss their solutions using the finite element method. The techniques are illustrated and tested on two numerical examples for the case of isotropic and homogeneous material. The presented formulations can be extended to more complex behaviour in poromechanics. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Unfairly Structured Cities . Blair Badcock Religion and Rural Revolt . Janos M. Bak and Gerhard Benecke The Industrial Geography of Canada . Anthony Blackbourn and Robert G. Putnam The Cuban-American Experience, Culture, Images, and Perspectives. Thomas D. Boswell and James R. Curtis Quaternary Paleoclimatology . R. S. Bradley Development and Crisis in Brazil, 1930–1983 . Luiz Bresser Pereiras Centres of Origin in Biogeography . John C. Briggs Analytical Urban Geography . Martin Cadwallader Geomorphology . Richard J. Chorley , Stanley A. Schumm, and David E. Sugden South Africa: The Impact of Past Geographies . A. J. Christopher The Geography of Underdevelopment. A Critical Survey . D. K. Forbes Health Care in Developing Countries . Wilbert M. Gesler Place to Grow Old: The Meaning of Environment in Old Age . Stephen M. Golant The Emerging Marine Economy of the Pacific . Chennat Gopalakrishnan An Introduction to Agricultural Geography . David B. Grigg The Soviet Union: A Geographical Study . G. Melvyn Howe Geographical Aspects of Health: Essays in Honour of Andrew Learmonth . N. D. Mc Glashan and J. R. Blunden Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation . Tom L. Mc Knight Mountain Experience. The Psychology and Sociology of Adventure. Richard G. Mitchell Jr . Systematic and Regional Biogeography. Stanley A. Morain The Economic Transformation of American Cities. T. J. Noyelle and T. M. Stanback , Jr . Normal Accidents: Living With High-Risk Technologies. Charles Perrow Vanishing Farmland: A Legal Solution for the States. Sarah E. Redfield Applied Methods of Regional Analysis: The Spatial Dimensions of Development Policy. Dennis A. Rondinelli Urbanization in Romania. A Geography of Social and Economic Change Since Independence. Per Ronnas Statistical Techniques in Geographical Analysis. Gareth Shaw and Dennis Wheeler The Granite Garden: Urban Nature and Human Design. Anne Whiston Spirn Political Geography: Recent Advances and Future Directions. Peter Taylor and John House Geographia y Medio Ambiente. Manuel Valenzuela -Rubío Nãgara and Commandery: Origins of the Southeast Asian Urban Traditions. Paul Wheatley The Common Fisheries Policy of the European Community. Mark Wise Geography and Gender. Women and Geography Study Group of the IBG Technological Hazards. D. J. Zeigler , J. H. Johnson , S. D. Brunn     

丹江口水库及其邻区地壳应力场的基本特征

利用赤平极射投影等资料，计算了丹江水库及邻区的主应力方向，结果表明：主压应力为北东东向，主张应力为北北西向，现代构造应力场与新生代以来应力场基本一致；晚第三纪以来，该区地壳应力场相对稳定。     

基于相对状态符号信息的分布式优化算法

针对网络化多智能体的分布式优化问题,本文讨论一种只利用邻居相对状态的符号信息的分布式算法.该算法不要求与图相关的权重矩阵是双随机矩阵.首先利用优化理论中的惩罚函数法解释该算法,然后分析算法在静态图上的收敛性以及收敛速度.与现有使用邻居相对状态的完整信息的分布式梯度下降算法相比,所提算法的收敛速度并没有本质上降低.另一方面,将所提算法扩展到确定性和随机性的时变图上,并给出相应的收敛性结论.最后,通过数值仿真实验验证算法的有效性.     

Time dependent structural architecture of subsidiary fracturing and stress pattern in the tip region of an extensional growth fault system, Tarquinia basin, Italy

Fault tip regions, relay ramps and accommodation zones in between major segments of extensional fault systems provide zones of additional structural and stratigraphic complexities and also significantly affect their hydraulic behaviour. The great interest for both academic and industrial purposes encouraged specific studies of fault tip regions that, in some cases, produced controversial results. We approached the study of fault tip regions by integrating structural, AMS and stratigraphic analyses of the tip of an extensional growth fault system in the Tarquinia basin, on the Tyrrhenian side of the Northern Apennines. Detailed structural mapping indicates the occurrence of systematic relationships between the orientation of the main subsidiary fault zones, the orientation and position of the two main joint sets developed in the fault damage zones, and the overprinting relationships between the two main joint sets themselves. Microstructural analysis of fault core rocks indicates a progression of deformation from soft-sediment to brittle conditions. The AMS study supports the evolution of deformation under a constantly oriented stress field. By combining this multidisciplinary information we propose an evolutionary model for the tip of the extensional growth fault system that accounts for the progressively changing sediment rheological properties, and for the time dependent subsidiary deformation pattern by invoking the interplay between the regional stress field and the local, kinematically-derived one by fault activity. We also speculate on the overall implications for fluid flow of the proposed evolutionary model.     

三维GIS平台复杂工况下的电气校验

针对传统输电线路设计过程中校验过程困难、精度低的问题,基于三维GIS平台设计了三维电气校验模块,利用悬链线理论、空间坐标转换、状态方程等计算方法实现了不同的工况条件下对"导线对地距离""导地线间距离""导线对地物距离""极限档距"及"安全间隙"的校验,校验算法的准确性通过了设计院的校核。通过多个工程的试用表明,该方法不仅提高设计人员的工作效率,而且可以提高电气校验的精度,研究结果对输电线路数字化设计过程中电气校验具有一定的参考价值。     

遥感技术在广州市城市绿地系统总体规划中的应用

着重论述了地理信息系统技术和遥感卫生图像处理技术在广州市城市绿地系统总体规划工作中的应用，详细介绍了如何以地理信息系统技术和遥感技术提取城市现状绿地数据。介绍了遥感技术在广州市区的热场和热岛效应信息处理中的应用，并对广州市的时间系列变化信息做了科学的分析。