Latent lifestyle preferences and household location decisions

Lifestyle, indicating preferences towards a particular way of living, is a key driver of the decision of where to live. We employ latent class choice models to represent this behavior, where the latent classes are the lifestyles and the choice model is the choice of residential location. Thus, we simultaneously estimate lifestyle groups and how lifestyle impacts location decisions. Empirical results indicate three latent lifestyle segments: suburban dwellers, urban dwellers, and transit-riders. The suggested lifestyle segments have intriguing policy implications. Lifecycle characteristics are used to predict lifestyle preferences, although there remain significant aspects that cannot be explained by observable variables.

Learning where to offend: Effects of past on future burglary locations

Informed by a growing literature on space-time patterns of repeat and near repeat burglary victimization, a crime location choice model was used to test whether burglars are attracted to areas they previously targeted. Using data in 3337 detected burglaries from one UK police force, and accounting for the distance to the offender's residence, and for other factors that make target areas attractive to burglars, it was demonstrated that burglars were more likely to commit a burglary in an area they had targeted before. This was particularly the case if the prior burglary was (very) recent. Areas near to those in which burglaries had been committed were also more likely to be selected.     

网络视角下的国有和民营制造企业对欧盟投资的区位选择

在推进“一带一路”建设和推动形成全面开放格局的进程中,越来越多企业走出国门,在全球构建起愈发紧密的联系网络。国有企业和民营企业的海外投资区位选择和差异成为国内外经济地理研究的前沿领域。有别于传统的对区位资源论的分析,本文尝试将映射在区域尺度的国有企业和民营企业网络资源运用于中资企业对欧盟投资区位选择的研究中,并进一步区分国有企业和民营企业网络资源的异质性影响,以期丰富中资企业对欧盟投资的区位研究。研究结果显示现有国有企业网络资源不仅影响后续国有企业的投资选址,也影响后续民营企业的投资选址,但现有民营企业网络资源仅影响后续民营企业的投资选址。从时间维度看,2008—2012年国有企业网络资源和民营企业网络资源分别对后续国有企业和民营企业投资选址产生影响,2013年以后,国有企业网络资源深刻影响后续民营企业的投资选址。这一结果表明在“一带一路”倡议实施过程中,国有企业对推动民营企业“走出去”发挥重要作用。     

中国电子信息制造业时空格局演化及影响因素

为探究后经济危机时期中国电子信息制造业的时空变化及其影响因素,基于基尼系数、空间相关性分析、负二项回归模型等方法,采用天眼查企业数据库以及相关城市统计年鉴数据,对2009－2018年中国电子信息制造业时空格局演化及影响因素进行分析,结果表明：1）中国电子信息制造业稳步发展,由出口导向转为内需拉动。2）企业主要集中在珠三角、长三角地区,长江中游城市群蓄势待发,中部及川渝地区的城市发展迅猛而东北地区陷入发展困境,企业空间分布存在显著的空间正相关关系。3）深圳、东莞等城市一直为产业重要集聚区,城市两级分化严重。3）总体上,企业更倾向于选址在产业协同集聚程度高、创新能力强、劳动力成本较高而经济后发城市;在城市群尺度,不同因素对不同城市群存在异质性,反映产业发展水平、特点存在很大差异,长三角企业偏好创新能力高、产业市场化水平高且交通基础设施完善的城市,珠三角企业偏好劳动力成本高的城市,京津冀城市偏好劳动力成本高且交通基础设施完善的城市,成渝地区企业偏好产业市场化水平高且创新能力弱的后发城市,长江中游城市偏好劳动力成本高的后发城市。     

业缘对环渤海地区海外高层次人才回流格局的影响

以中国“海外高层次人才引进计划”数据为基础,运用ArcGIS软件与泊松回归模型,分析业缘对环渤海地区海外高层次人才回流格局的影响及其作用机制,结果表明：对于就职地来说,受业缘影响,海外人才选择回流至母校或者母校所在城市的倾向较明显;人才回流区位选择的规律性明显,主要倾向于流向直辖市、省会、副省级等高等级城市,尤以北京最为集中;从母校所属地来看,人才主要集中于环渤海地区周边的直辖市、省会或副省级城市等高等级城市。与化学学科相比,工程与材料科学学科人才在业缘的影响下,回流至母校所属地的倾向更明显,其母校与就职城市之间分别形成“\wedge”型与“爪”型的空间结构特征。海外高层次人才回流区位影响因素中,R&D经费支出占GDP的比重对海外人才回流区位的影响最大,其次是城市等级和陆路平均通达性,而业缘变量同其他变量对海外人才具有一定吸引作用,但影响较小。     

To tax,or not to tax: preferences for climate policy attributes

Many countries around the world respond to global warming and its consequences with various policy instruments. In the economic literature, policy instruments have typically been analysed with respect to efficiency, but little effort has been expended to understand public preferences for these instruments. In an internet-based choice experiment to address this shortcoming, Swedes were asked to choose between two alternative hypothetical policy instruments, each of which reduces CO₂ emissions by the same amount. The hypothetical policy instruments were characterized by a number of specific attributes. By varying the levels of each of the attributes, respondents indirectly reveal their preferences for these attributes. Half of the respondents are faced with choices labelled ‘tax’ and ‘other’, and the other half are faced with unlabelled choices (hypothetical instruments). The results show that Swedes tend to dislike the term ‘tax’ and show a preference for instruments with a positive effect on environment-friendly technology and climate awareness. A progressive-like cost distribution is preferred to a regressive cost distribution, and the private cost is negatively related to the choice of policy.     

The role and limits of strategic framing for promoting sustainable consumption and policy

Strategic issue framing is widely regarded as an effective communication strategy to alter public opinion and citizens’ policy support. However, it is unclear to what extent strategic framing can increase support for ambitious demand-side actions and policies that make the cost of mitigation perceptible in citizens’ everyday lives. Taking an exploratory approach, we conducted qualitative interviews and a comparative framing experiment with 9,750 survey respondents from China, Germany, and the United States. We analyzed strategic issue framing effects in two areas known to be key for increasing the sustainability of consumption: meat/fish consumption, and fossil-fuel car usage. Employing both classical linear regressions and advanced Bayesian sparse estimations, we show that in all three countries widespread arguments in favor of reduced meat/fish consumption and car use are unlikely to substantially alter citizens’ concern, willingness to pay, behavioral intentions and policy support for demand-side action. Our findings suggest that in the absence of a broader behavioral change campaign, strategic issue framing alone is unlikely to be effective in changing entrenched attitudes and behaviors. On its own, it is also unlikely to substantially increase public support for demand-side policies to reduce consumption. More careful research is needed to help policymakers understand the role and limits of different strategic framing techniques.     

Methods for industrial measurement and basic principles of their choices

In this paper, a variety of industrial objects are systematically analyzed. Ten methods for industrial measurement are summarized. For each method, its nature, advantages, disadvantages and adaptability are briefly given. The basic principles to choose the right industrial method are indicated.     

Ocean manganese nodules as stromatolite with a fractal like-signature

Deep-sea manganese (Mn) nodules are problematic in terms of factors such as their characteristic form and genesis. There are many reports of bacterial species from manganese nodules. However, the genesis of these nodules has not been fully confirmed. Samples, mainly from the Clarion Clipperton Fracture zone in the Pacific Ocean, were examined by mineralogical methods and X-ray CT. Thin sections of these samples showed columnar stromatolite structures with rhythmic bands. Mineralized bacteria were observed by SEM and TEM. Surface morphology could be described as having a fractal-like nature. The fractal characteristics of spherical to dome-like forms were fundamentally composed of at least four ranks. The 4th order form corresponds to the stromatolite dome top shapes. Similar granular domain units and porous characteristics in manganese nodules were clearly observed by X-ray CT sections. Mathematical simulation based on fractal models reproduced similar morphological characteristics to the natural samples. So, we arrived at the concluding hypothesis that manganese nodules are aggregated stromatolite with fractal-like characteristics. Furthermore, we discussed the possibility that the nature of the layer manganese oxide minerals as the major component of the nodule and associated Fe-oxyhydroxide minerals may become an absorber/scavenger of strategic heavy metals and also toxic metals in the environments.