鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7油层组油页岩沉积环境与资源潜力研究

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7油层组油页岩,主要分布在盆地南部,单层厚度15～30 m（最厚处超过40 m）,含油率5%～10%。延长组沉积时是鄂尔多斯盆地发育的鼎盛时期,长7期湖盆范围达到最大。通过对长7油页岩分布与沉积相展布关系的研究,认为鄂尔多斯盆地油页岩的分布受沉积环境的控制作用显著,深湖-半深湖相沉积环境下形成的油页岩,具有含油率高、厚度大和分布范围广的特点。长7油页岩资源丰富,油页岩资源量为10 476 亿t,而且盆地构造相对简单,开发条件优越。因此,鄂尔多斯盆地长7油页岩具有广阔的勘探开发前景。     

Metamorphic record of collision and collapse in the Ediacaran‐Cambrian Araçuaí orogen,SE‐Brazil: Insights from P–T pseudosections and monazite dating

The Araçuaí orogen is the Brazilian counterpart of the Araçuaí‐West Congo orogenic system (AWCO), a component of the Ediacaran‐Cambrian orogenic network formed during the amalgamation of West Gondwana. The northwestern portion of the Araçuaí orogen is dominated by a succession of metasedimentary rocks made up of Meso‐ to Neoproterozoic rift, passive margin and syn‐orogenic sequences, locally intruded by post‐collisional granites. These sequences are involved in three distinct tectonic units, which from west to east are: the southern Espinhaço fold‐thrust system (SE‐thrust system), the normal‐sense Chapada Acauã shear zone (CASZ) and the Salinas synclinorium. Three deformation phases were documented in the region. The first two phases (D₁ and D₂) are characterized by contractional structures and represent the collisional development stage of the orogen. The third phase (D₃) is extensional and currently viewed as a manifestation of orogenic collapse of the system. The distribution of the metamorphic mineral assemblages in the region characterizes two metamorphic domains. The M‐Domain I on the west, encompassing the SE‐thrust system and the CASZ, is marked by a syn‐collisional (syn‐D₁) Barrovian‐type metamorphism with P–T conditions increasing eastwards and reaching ~8.5 kbar at ~650°C between 575 and 565 Ma. The M‐Domain II comprises the Salinas synclinorium in the hangingwall of the CASZ, and besides the greenschist facies syn‐collisional metamorphism, records mainly a Buchan‐type metamorphic event, which took place under 3–5.5 kbar and up to 640°C at c. 530 Ma. The northwestern Araçuaí orogen exhibits, thus, a paired metamorphic pattern, in which the Barrovian and Buchan‐type metamorphic domains are juxtaposed by a normal‐sense shear zone. Lithospheric thinning during the extensional collapse of the orogen promoted ascent of the geotherms and melt generation. A large volume of granites was emplaced in the high grade and anatectic core of the orogen during this stage, and heat advected from these intrusions caused the development of Buchan facies series over a relatively large area. Renewed granite plutonism, hydrothermal activities followed by progressive cooling affected the system between 530 and 490 Ma.     

Elemental abundance analyses with DAO spectrograms: XXXII. HR 6455 (A3 III), δ Aqr (A3 V), η Lep (F2 V), and 1 Boo (A1 V)

We examine the sharp‐lined stars HR 6455 (A3 III, v sin i = 8.7 km s^–1) and η Lep (F2 V, v sin i = 13.5 km s^–1) as well as δ Aqr (A3 V, v sin i = 81 km s^–1) and 1 Boo (A1 V, v sin i = 59 km s^–1) to increase the number consistently analyzed A and F stars using high dispersion and high S/N (≥200) spectrograms obtained with CCD detectors at the long Coudé camera of the 1.22‐m telescope of the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory. Such studies contribute to understanding systematic abundance differences between normal and non‐magnetic main‐sequence band chemically peculiar A and early F stars. LTE fine analyses of HR 6455, δ Aqr, and 1 Boo using Kurucz's ATLAS suite programs show the same general elemental abundance trends with differences in the metal richness. Light and iron‐peak element abundances are generally solar or overabundant while heavy element and rare earth element abundances are overabundant. HR 6455 is an evolved Am star while δ Aqr and 1 Boo show the phenomenon to different extents. Most derived abundances of η Lep are solar (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

黔中气溶胶传输的210 Pb和7 Be示踪:Ⅱ.月及年时间尺度的剖析

自2001年12月连续逐周在贵阳观风山附近对近地面空气210Pb-7Be浓度和沉降量的观测表明:区域性降水和气温制约近地面空气210Pb具高浓度"U"型年分布;降水量和平流层向下输送影响近地面空气7Be月均浓度的季节性变化;210Pb/7Be月均浓度比率受控于210Pb变化和富7Be气团下沉的影响.观风山与瓦里关山之间因纬度和海拔的关系,7Be比率急剧震荡,显示出海洋性贫7Be气团入侵对观风山地区的明显影响.2002-2008年间贵阳观风山近地面空气210Pb的年均浓度(2.8±0.6)mBq/m3,约为全球若干站点中最高平均浓度值的4倍;而7Be的年均浓度(4.8±0.6)mBq/m3,与全球高海拔站点长期观测的平均值相当,大约为北半球中纬度对流层顶部附近7Be浓度值(18.0 mBq/m3)的1/3.8,显示出低纬度、较高海拔地区的预期水平.2003年,瓦里关山和观风山近地面空气7Be的年均浓度比为3.8,与预期的大气输送和混合作用基本一致.7Be月均浓度的增大趋势反映出受太阳黑子数减少的变化关系,其影响底线大约为4 mBq/m3;7Be年均浓度波动的增大趋势反映出受太阳黑子数降低的可能影响.贵阳观风山降水中7Be和210Pb的体积加权浓度分别为0.72 Bq/L和0.27 Bq/L;年沉降通量分别为0.080 Bq/(cm2·a)和0.031 Bq/(cm2·a).数值模拟显示出全球空气210Pb高浓度区和高沉降通量环带分布,印证了洱海和红枫湖沉积物7Be和157Cs蓄积的模拟结果.     

The origin of the June Bootid outburst in 1998 and determination of cometary ejection velocities

Numerical integrations are used to show that the main contribution to the outburst observed in the June Bootid meteor shower in 1998 was a subset of meteoroids released from the parent comet, 7P/Pons–Winnecke, at its 1825 return. A substantial part of the June Bootid stream is in 2:1 resonance with Jupiter. This inhibits chaotic motion, allowing structures in the stream to remain compact enough over centuries that meteor outbursts can still be produced. Circumstances of ejection in 1825 are calculated that exactly result in orbits capable of producing meteors at the observed time in 1998. Required ejection velocities are  10–20 m s^-1  .     

国际天然气水合物勘查开发研究新进展——第七届爱丁堡国际天然气水合物大会特邀报告综述

简要介绍了2011年7月在英国爱丁堡召开的第七届国际天然气水合物大会概况。对会议中5个大会特邀主题报告给予介绍或评述。Thomas介绍了亨弗利·戴维对科学发现的追求和应用,后者在实验室发现了气水合物。Ripmeeste总结了实验模拟中对气水合物客体与载体相互作用、水合物形成和分解过程的认识和成果。Suess指出过去25年间人们对海洋天然气水合物的研究经历了从“避免策略到旨在获取”、“能源开发和二氧化碳储存兼顾”、“追求储量到记录环境变化”3个阶段。Kurihara总结了日本多年的研发结果,包括数字模拟研究、对甲烷储层的分类和产气能力的评估、天然气生产方法等,讨论了商业发展甲烷水合物的可行性和挑战。Sloan介绍了管道安全复杂体系的4种概念性端元类型,并指出风险管理策略比防治更为经济,是未来防止水合物堵塞的重要工具。     

Late middle pleistocene interglacial deposits at upper strensham,worcestershire, england

Pleistocene deposits containing the disarticulated skeleton of a mammoth, and associated faunal and floral remains, were discovered in July 1990 at Upper Strensham, Worcestershire. The environmental evidence from the fauna and flora together with limited geological evidence, indicates that the deposits accumulated within a low energy fluvial environment with a surrounding marsh and restricted tree cover on, or close to, the floodplain. The patchy occurrence of trees in a species-rich grassland is discussed, and the climatic significance of the fauna and flora is considered. The Strensham site lies within the valley of the River Avon, which is known to contain at least five altitudinally distinct river terraces. The deposits at Strensham lie beneath a terraced surface that cannot be accommodated within the existing framework of terrace development in the valley, and evidence is presented which may suggest that these deposits form a previously unrecognised fluvial unit, the Strensham Member of the Avon Valley Formation. Amino-acid age estimates from shells taken from the fossiliferous sediments of the Strensham Member suggest a correlation with Oxygen Isotope Stage 7. This correlation suggests that the temperate deposits at this site should be correlated with the temperate phase recorded at Marsworth, Buckinghamshire and Stoke Goldington in the valley of the Great Ouse.     

Comprehensive study of the biophysical parameters of agricultural crops based on assessing Landsat 8 OLI and Landsat 7 ETM+ vegetation indices

For three agricultural crop types, winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and canola (Brassica napus L.), we estimated biophysical parameters including fresh and dry biomass, leaf area index (LAI), and vegetation water content, for which we found the equivalent water thickness (EWT), fuel moisture content per fresh weight (FMC_FW), and fuel moisture content per dry weight (FMC_DW). We performed these estimations using data from the newly launched Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) sensor, as well as its predecessor the Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+). Progress in the design of the new sensor (i.e., Landsat 8), including narrower near-infrared (NIR) wavebands, higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and greater radiometric resolution highlights the necessity to investigate the biophysical parameters of agricultural crops, especially compared to data from its predecessor. This study aims to evaluate vegetation indices (VIs) derived from the Landsat 8 OLI and the Landsat 7 ETM+. Both the Landsat 8 OLI and Landsat 7 ETM+ VIs agreed well with in-situ data measurements. However, the Landsat 8 OLI-derived VIs were generally more consistent with in situ data than the Landsat 7 ETM+ VIs. We also note that the Landsat 8 OLI is better able to capture the small variability of the VIs because of its higher SNR and wider radiometric range; in addition, the saturation phenomenon occurred earlier for the Landsat 7 ETM+ than for the Landsat 8 OLI. This indicates that the new sensor is better able to estimate the biophysical parameters of crops.     

Relationship between the Landslides Triggered by the Tongwei M7 1/2 Earthquake in 1718 AD and the Disappearance of Yongning Ancient Town

Although China''s historical earthquake documentation is relatively rich, it is not all based on scientific records. Therefore, the verification of the seismic information in historical records can effectively avoid exaggerating or underestimating the damage they produced. In this paper, we analyze the detailed information of the 1718 AD Tongwei M7 1/2 earthquake through field surveys, document sorting, and manual visual interpretation of UAV images. Major conclusions are listed as follows:①The low-level terraces of Weihe River between Gangu and Wushan are fully developed with flatted surface, and the residents here are mostly killed by house collapses. In addition, the disappearance of Yongning Ancient Town is not directly related to the earthquake-induced landslides; ② In fact, "Yongning Town is entirely buried by the earthquake" in the historical records describes the phenomenon that loess dust has pervaded the entire Weihe Valley. These dust grains are produced by the sliding of earthquake-induced landslides. Thus, there is no possibility that large-scale landslides have slipped over Weihe bedrock and buried Yongning Town; ③After the earthquake, survivors abandoned the ruins and selected a new site to live. They built a new town named "Pan''an (means always peaceful in the future)". earthquake-induced landslides may be the reason of burying the residential areas on valley-side slopes, while those locations inside the valley are associated with the amplification effect of ground vibration. On the basis of compiling historical seismic data, scientific methods are used to explore the real meaning of these documents, for the purpose of providing basic data for the risk evaluation of strong historical earthquakes.     

Windows7XP模式下的ArcGIS应用开发

利用Windows7XP模式虚拟机技术,开发了武钢总图信息管理系统,实现了ArcGIS应用系统软件开发测试和运行兼容问题的低成本解决方案。