虹吸水流作用下的土柱运动特性及虹吸管道防淤堵措施

虹吸排水联合堆载固结技术是软基处理中的一项新技术,在应用该技术时,虹吸管内土柱的淤堵问题是制约该技术发展的核心问题之一。针对虹吸管内土柱的淤堵问题,采用颗粒沉降模型和水动力学相关理论,推导得到了土柱在虹吸水流作用下的临界高度表达式。根据所推求的表达式,可以制定相应的防淤堵措施,使得虹吸排水能够顺利进行。研究结果表明：土柱容易在虹吸管弯曲圆弧段形成淤堵;对于工程现场最常见的4 mm内径虹吸管,当虹吸管弯曲圆弧段半径大于40 cm或者虹吸管内土柱高度大于4 cm时,就有可能产生淤堵;实际工程中,可以采用减小虹吸管弯曲圆弧段半径、降低虹吸管出水口高度以及减小虹吸管长度的措施减小淤堵的可能,从而保证虹吸过程的持续进行。     

纤维增强复合材料(FRP)加固混凝土柱的性能研究进展

纤维增强复合材料(FRP)以其高强轻质、耐腐蚀、耐疲劳、施工便捷和不增加构件尺寸等诸多优点备受土木工程界的关注。本文根据现有资料,从材料性能、截面形式、试验研究和施工工艺等几个方面,对纤维复合材料加固混凝土柱的研究现状进行了评述。最后,对实际工程应用提出了一些建议。     

纤维石膏板中不同间距灌注混凝土芯柱抗震性能试验研究

本文根据墙板承受竖向荷载的大小提出在空心石膏板中不同间距灌注混凝土芯柱方案,并对3组(12块)不同间距芯柱石膏板进行了低周反复荷载试验．探讨了构件的裂缝分布、破坏形态、极限承载能力、耗能能力、位移延性等受力特性。为此类板应用于多层住宅实际工程提供了试验依据。     

爆炸荷载作用下方钢管混凝土柱的动力响应及破坏机理

方钢管混凝土柱是被广泛采用的组合构件之一。爆炸发生时产生的爆炸冲击波可能会对框架结构内部的方钢管混凝土柱造成严重破坏,然而目前对其动力响应及破坏机理的研究成果相对较少。本文采用有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA对爆炸荷载作用下方钢管混凝土柱的动力响应和破坏机理进行了研究分析。建立了方钢管混凝土柱实体有限元模型,其中混凝土采用HJC模型,方钢管采用考虑应变率的塑性随动强化模型,爆炸荷载施加在柱子一侧表面。通过对方钢管混凝土柱的破坏过程的模拟,比较分析了其在不同＂比例距离＂下的动力响应和破坏形式,进而得出方钢管混凝土柱的破坏机理。在爆炸荷载作用下,方钢管对其核心混凝土有一定的约束作用,使其处于复杂应力状态之下,从而使混凝土强度得以提高,塑性和韧性同时得到改善;同时,由于混凝土的存在,延缓了方钢管柱底和柱顶过早地发生局部屈曲。随着＂比例距离＂的增大,柱中水平位移逐渐减小。结果表明,方钢管混凝土柱具有良好的延性、优越的抗爆性能,所提出的破坏机理可供结构抗爆设计的进一步研究参考。     

云南石林石柱表面水平凹槽特征及其环境意义

以云南石林5m以上石柱侧面的水平凹槽遗迹为研究对象,测量不同地形部位和不同海拔上的石柱高度、宽度,石柱地面高程、经纬度,石柱上土蚀凹槽层数、各层凹槽距地面的高度。统计表明:石柱上的水平凹槽遗迹有土蚀和水蚀作用形成的两种,水蚀凹槽长度平均1.77m,长于土蚀凹槽(1.33m);水蚀凹槽深度平均0.45m,比土蚀凹槽(0.40m)深;水蚀凹槽宽度平均0.25m,小于土蚀凹槽(1.13m)。调查点不同地形部位(溶蚀洼地底部、洼地斜坡、溶丘顶部)的石柱高度分别是14.00m、12.3m和11.30m,平均高度12.53m;不同地形部位石柱上的土蚀凹槽层数分别是5.0层、4.9层和4.7层,平均4.95层;石柱上第一至第三层土蚀凹槽距离地面的高度分别是2.00m、4.09m和6.20m。经检验:土蚀凹槽的长、宽、深随海拔高度增加而减小,水蚀凹槽特征(长、宽、深)与海拔高度无相关性,两凹槽宽度有显著差异;不同地形部位石柱高度、凹槽层数及层高差异不显著,说明在石林发育演化过程中没有强烈的褶皱运动和差异性掀斜性升降活动,整体处于相对一致的构造环境中,岩溶作用均匀。      

Dynamic performance of angle-steel concrete columns under low cyclic loading-Ⅱ： parametric study

Tests of nine angle-steel concrete column （ASCC） specimens under low cyclic loading are described in a companion paper （Zheng and Ji, 2008）. In this paper, the skeleton curves from the numerical simulation are presented, and show good agreement with the test results. Furthermore, parametric studies are conducted to explore the influence of factors such as the axial compression ratio, shear steel plate ratio, steel ratio, prismatic concrete compression strength, yield strength of angle steel and shear span ratio, etc., on the monotonic load-displacement curves of the ASCCs. Based on a statistical analysis of the calculated results, hysteretic models for load-displacement and moment-curvature are proposed, which agree well with the test results. Finally, some suggestions concerning the conformation of ASCCs are proposed, which could be useful in engineering practice.     

Strengthening and rehabilitation of RC beam–column joints using carbon‐FRP jacketing and epoxy resin injection

The scope of this study is to present results of an experimental investigation on the behaviour of critical external beam–column joints repaired or/and strengthened with a combination of epoxy resin injections and carbon‐fibre‐reinforced plastics (C‐FRP) sheets and to extract useful and practical conclusions. The experimental program comprises 12 external beam–column joint connection subassemblages tested in cyclic loading. From the observed responses of the examined specimens it can be deduced that the technique of epoxy resin injections is appropriate for the total rehabilitation of the joints seismic capacity, since no damages have been observed at the joint area of the specimens after the repair. The combination of this technique with the use of C‐FRP sheets leads to a significant improvement of the loading capacity, the energy absorption and the ductility and finally it leads to improved type of damages compared with the damage modes of the specimens during the initial loading. Shortcomings of the application of C‐FRP sheets for practical use are also pointed out. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A design‐variable‐based inelastic hysteretic model for beam–column connections

This paper presents a design‐variable‐based inelastic hysteretic model for beam–column connections. It has been well known that the load‐carrying capacity of connections heavily depends on the types and design variables even in the same connection type. Although many hysteretic connection models have been proposed, most of them are dependent on the specific connection type with presumed failure mechanisms. The proposed model can be responsive to variations both in design choices and in loading conditions. The proposed model consists of two modules: physical‐principle‐based module and neural network (NN)‐based module in which information flow from design space to response space is formulated in one complete model. Moreover, owing to robust learning capability of a new NN‐based module, the model can also learn complex dynamic evolutions in response space under earthquake loading conditions, such as yielding, post‐buckling and tearing, etc. Performance of the proposed model has been demonstrated with synthetic and experimental data of two connection types: extended‐end‐plate and top‐ and seat‐angle with double‐web‐angle connection. Furthermore, the design‐variable‐based model can be customized to any structural component beyond the application to beam–column connections. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Reinforced concrete beam–column joints with crossed inclined bars under cyclic deformations

This experimental study investigates the effectiveness of crossed inclined bars (X‐bars) as joint shear reinforcement in exterior reinforced concrete beam–column connections under cyclic deformations. Test results of 20 joint subassemblages with various reinforcement ratios and arrangements including X‐bars in the joint area are presented. The X‐type, non‐conventional reinforcement is examined as the only joint reinforcement and in combination with common stirrups or vertical bars. The experimental results reported herein include full loading cycle curves, energy dissipation values and a categorization of the observed damage modes. Based on the comparisons between the overall hysteretic responses of the tested specimens, it is deduced that joints with X‐bars exhibited enhanced cyclic performance and improved damage mode since a distinct flexural hinge was developed in the beam–joint interface. Further, the combination of crossed inclined bars and stirrups in joint area resulted in enhanced hysteretic response and excellent performance capabilities of the specimens. However, in some specimens with X‐bars as the only joint shear reinforcement, the deformations of the bent anchorage of the beam's bars caused considerable damages at the back of the joint area. Discussion for a potential replacement of the joint stirrups with X‐type reinforcement in some cases of exterior joints is also included. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

水泥土桩加固海洋土的渐进变形破坏试验与数值分析

应用一个高度非线性的三维各向异性粘弹塑性(EVP)模型及有限元法,对一水泥土桩(CDM)加固海洋土的复合地基进行数值模拟。海洋软粘土的渐进变形采用粘弹塑性模型来模拟,水泥土桩破坏前后的应力-应变关系采用一个双曲线模型来模拟,提出了一个简单且非常实用的数值分析方法来解决水泥土桩碎裂软化的数值模拟问题。将数值模拟结果与实测数据进行了比较,二者吻合较好。