Mode‐acceleration approach to seismic response of multiply‐supported secondary systems

A mode‐acceleration approach has been proposed for estimating the seismic response of a linear, classically‐damped, multiply‐supported secondary system within the framework of a power spectral density function (PSDF)‐based stochastic approach, while the primary system is linear and classically‐damped. Response transfer functions have been formulated in terms of chosen numbers of fixed‐base modes of the primary and secondary systems. The proposed approach does not involve the determination of combined system properties, and is applicable to the secondary systems with high mass ratios also. Through a few example primary–secondary systems and an example band‐limited white noise excitation, it has been shown that this approach leads to reasonably accurate results when only a few primary and secondary modes are to be considered. The proposed formulation has been used to obtain input data for a decoupled response spectrum analysis of secondary systems. This data accurately accounts for the effects of interaction between the primary and secondary systems. It is shown to lead to substantial reductions in the errors associated with the envelope spectrum method in the case of moderately heavy to heavy secondary systems and when the spatial coupling does not play a major role. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The New Seismic Zonation Map for the Territory of Armenia

In the present work a new, deterministic, seismic zonation map for the territory of Armenia is presented. It has been compiled on the basis of the newest seismological, geological and geophisical data. Creation of the map included: determination of a seismic hazard area for the territory of Armenia; compilation of a map of active faults; identification of active blocks; identification of seismic source zones; calculation of a seismic effect from the seismic source zones (SSZs). Seismic effect on the Earth's surface from the singled out SSZs is calculated in the form of an intensity of seismic influences expressed in units of MSK-64 scale, and horizontal soil accelerations expressed in fractions of gravity force acceleration (g). The map compiled will allow comparison between the deterministic model with a probabilistic seismic zonation model for the territory of Armenia (in preparation), in order to analyze the western and eastern standards of seismic hazard assessment on the basis of the same complete data base.     

永胜台定点形变与丽江7.0级地震

丽江７．０级地震前，永胜台定点形变出现前所未有的巨大变化，东西向的变化较南北向的变化更显。展示了在源区附近７级大震前定点形变突出变化的一个典型震例。此震例对于今后研究观测点附近大震前的异常特征有重要的参考意义。     

人工地震波拟合中的傅氏变换及相位调整

在应用文献[1]方法的过程中，笔者改用博氏变换对稳态反应部分进行逆变换计算，而对瞬态反应部分直接用傅氏系数表示计算。对于相位调整，给出了所调整的实部Ak及虚部Bk的计算式及3种调整的方法。     

航空重力测量中FIR低通滤波器的设计与应用

航空重力测量数据含有许多噪声，需用高质量的数字滤波器加以平滑。有限冲激响应（ＦＩＲ）滤波器的优点是具有精确线性相位而且总是稳定的。本文利用契比雪夫逼近方法，设计了适用于航空重力测量的ＦＩＲ低通滤波器。为检测其性能，文中建立了一个模拟加速度模型。检测结果表明：滤波器性能可靠，适用于航空重力测量数据处理。     

基于随机前沿分析的环境规制效率异质性研究

采用随机前沿分析(SFA)模型考察了2003—2017年中国省际环境规制效率及其技术无效率项的影响因素,并借助核密度估计、热点分析及收敛模型对全国和三大地区环境规制效率的时空差异性与区域收敛性进行了探讨。结果表明：①全国整体以及中、西部地区劳动要素产出弹性系数明显大于资本要素,东部地区反之;②科技创新、产业结构、对外开放与环境规制效率呈显著的正相关,人力资本、能源消费及人口密度则对其产生抑制作用;③各区域效率值稳步提升中伴随着离散程度加大、极化迹象明显的趋势,空间上呈现出稳定的“东热西冷”分布格局;④全国与西部地区环境规制效率存在σ收敛,而东中部地区内部差异有扩大的态势,但所有区域相对β收敛与绝对β收敛现象显著。     

Test results of railway ballast for bearing capacity calculations

This paper presents the results of field and laboratory tests of railway ballast.Field tests were aimed to study vibrational acceleration of ballast particles and ballast layer stressed state in terms of train traffic with heavy axle loads.The test results are vibrational acceleration and stress values distribution in ballast layer and experimental relationships of vertical and horizontal vibroaccelerations damping in terms of train operation with axle load up to 300 kN.Laboratory stabilometer tests were directed to study the change of ballast strength properties due to vibrodynamic impact and shows that for dynamic loading with 10,25,55 Hz frequencies vibrodynamic impact influences strength properties insignificantly and coincides with the accuracy of test equipment.Stated test results provide references for calculation of ballast and sub-ballast bearing capacity.     

Joint conditional simulations and the spectral approach for flow modeling

The use of data to condition single random fields has a well-established history. However, the joint use of data from several cross-correlated random fields is not as well developed. For example, the use of both transmissivity and head data in a steady state 2-d stochastic flow problem is essentially an inverse problem that is very important for both flow and transport predictions. This problem is addressed here by using a combination of numerical simulation and analytical methods and its application illustrated. The type of information conveyed by the different data categories is explored. The results presented are especially interesting in that head and transmissivity each give different information: Head values would appear to constrain the geometry of the paths while transmissivity data yields information about travel times. The linearized model is expanded to an iterative procedure and the true conditional distribution at several locations is compared with the iterative solution.The problem mentioned above is one with a special transfer function specified by the flow equation. In the second part of the paper a Fast Fourier Transform method for generation and conditioning of two or more random fields is introduced. This procedure is simple to implement, fast and very flexible.     

Joint conditional simulations and the spectral approach for flow modeling

The use of data to condition single random fields has a well-established history. However, the joint use of data from several cross-correlated random fields is not as well developed. For example, the use of both transmissivity and head data in a steady state 2-d stochastic flow problem is essentially an inverse problem that is very important for both flow and transport predictions. This problem is addressed here by using a combination of numerical simulation and analytical methods and its application illustrated. The type of information conveyed by the different data categories is explored. The results presented are especially interesting in that head and transmissivity each give different information: Head values would appear to constrain the geometry of the paths while transmissivity data yields information about travel times. The linearized model is expanded to an iterative procedure and the true conditional distribution at several locations is compared with the iterative solution.The problem mentioned above is one with a special transfer function specified by the flow equation. In the second part of the paper a Fast Fourier Transform method for generation and conditioning of two or more random fields is introduced. This procedure is simple to implement, fast and very flexible.     

Multisite generalization of a daily stochastic precipitation generation model

The familiar chain-dependent-process stochastic model of daily precipitation, consisting of a two-state, first-order Markov chain for occurrences and a mixed exponential distribution for nonzero amounts, is extended to simultaneous simulation at multiple locations by driving a collection of individual models with serially independent but spatially correlated random numbers. The procedure is illustrated for a network of 25 locations in New York state, with interstation separations ranging approximately from 10 to 500 km. The resulting process reasonably reproduces various aspects of the joint distribution of daily precipitation observations at the modeled locations. The mixed exponential distributions, in addition to providing substantially better fits than the more conventional gamma distributions, are convenient for representing the tendency for smaller amounts at locations near the edges of wet areas. Means, variances, and interstation correlations of monthly precipitation totals are also well reproduced. In addition, the use of mixed exponential rather than gamma distributions yields interannual variability in the synthetic series that is much closer to the observed.