基于比例边界有限元方法的拱坝子结构分区形式研究

比例边界有限元方法是一种半解析的数值计算方法,具有降维、网格灵活、严格模拟无限域和无需基本解等特点。比例边界有限元方法的基本理论是在整体坐标与局部坐标的比例边界转换基础之上建立的,相似中心的选取是否合理对分析计算具有重要的影响,导致在模拟拱坝这种不规则的空间壳体结构时,具有一定的局限性。采用子结构方法,将坝体分为若干满足相似性要求的区域可解决上述问题,以某拱坝为例给出了合理的坝体子结构分区形式,验证了子结构方法的精确性,为建立基于比例边界有限元方法的坝体-库水-地基系统的计算模型奠定了基础。     

陆浑水库坝基水位观测资料分析

经过对 30余年水位观测资料的整理和分析 ,在厘定水文地质模型的基础上 ,运用数理统计原理 ,获得了坝基地下水渗流特征及其变化趋势的基本认识 ,这包括库、管水位关系 ,代表断面测压管平均位势过程线 ,特定库水位时测压管管水位过程线 ,坝基渗流量变化。研究表明 ,上游铺盖与截水槽结合下游排水的防渗体系有效地控制了坝基水位 ,这为水库投入正常高水位(319.5 ,32 7.5 ,331.8m)的运行提供了详实的理论依据。     

汉江上游重点保护水源污染控制方案研究

汉江上游是我国“十五”水环境规划的重点区域之一, 丹江口水库是具有战略意义的重点保护水源.汉江干流和丹江库区现状水质已达Ⅱ类标准, 但因为支流污染严重而形成巨大威胁, 主要污染物COD在“十五”有超标趋势.COD来源以生活源为主, 占77.2%;工业源中制浆造纸业为主要污染行业, COD排量占38.29%.列出了以城镇污水处理厂建设为主体的含A, B, C三种工程项目类型的污染控制方案.实施A类项目需投资27 500万元, 可使汉江上游COD在2005年降至32 682.25 t, 低于基准年1998年的排放水平, 落在省下达的目标总量控制范围内, 保证干流和丹江库区保持Ⅱ类水质; 接踵实施B, C类项目, 可保证其水质稳定达标, 并使支流水质得到明显改善.      

关于长江三角洲两大开发工程的构想

为了解决上海缺乏深水港址和宁波、舟山港腹地范围狭小的问题,提出了两个相互关联的宏大构想：一是在杭州湾建造锁海大坝并展开大规模的围垦造陆;二是兴建宁波至舟山的跨海交通与输水工程。这两大构想一旦付诸实施,其直接效益主要有二：１．为长江三角洲增加数千平方公里的土地;２．今后可望在宁波－舟山建成世界超级大港和千万人口级特大城市。更进一步的影响则是在锁海大坝沿线和钱塘江下游沿岸将出现两个新的产业密集带与城镇     

EARTHQUAKE ANALYSIS OF GRAVITY DAMS BASED ON DAMAGE MECHANICS CONCEPT

In this paper, the seismic response analysis of concrete gravity dams is presented using the concept of Continuum Damage Mechanics. The analysis is performed using the finite element technique and a proper material degradation/damage model. The damage criterion used here is a second order tensor model based on elastic-brittle characterization and on a power function of the principal tensile stress. The methodology employed is shown to be computationally efficient and consistent in its treatment of both damage growth and propagation. Other important features considered in the analysis are: (1) dam–foundation interaction (2) appropriate modelling of joined rock mass using continuum damage mechanics, and (3) proper modelling of unbounded domain of foundation rock. The infinite media representation of the foundation material has been achieved by using doubly asymptotic approximation. The results of the analysis indicate that the seismic response of a damaged concrete dam could be significantly different from that of an undamaged one. In particular, the analysis shows that during a seismic event, the microstructure of a damaged zone can significantly change due to growth and propagation of microcracks.     

基于GIS/GPS的淤地坝泥沙淤积速率的评价方法探讨——以内蒙南部砒砂岩区淤地坝为例

淤地坝是黄河中游地区治理水土流失的主要措施之一.本文通过利用高精度测量的全球定位系统(GPS)动态测量技术和MAPGIS的分析功能,结合淤地坝内泥沙颗粒的沉积旋回和沉积物的分析,对内蒙南部砒砂岩分布区内一淤地坝内的泥沙淤积速率进行了定量评价,计算结果表明该淤地坝的年平均泥沙淤积总量是41651.419 t/a,年平均淤积速率是10371 t/a·km2.     

大柳树高坝F201断层避让距离研究

利用国内外类似构造位置上的走滑型、逆走滑型发震断层极震区IX度等震线短轴在断层上、下盘分布宽度的统计分析,探讨了大柳树高坝的F201断层避让距离问题。经统计分析,给出了活断层IX度等震线短轴在断层上盘的优势宽度为6～6．4km,在这个距离之内,活断层的粘滑或蠕滑运动都可能会在地表产生永久性形变,同震或震后灾害严重,对于工程而言存在抗断问题。因此,这个数据可作为F201发震断层避让距离的参考值。野外调查表明大柳树高坝距F201活断层仅1．5km,小于本研究得出的活断层避让距离,而且坝址位于F201活断层上盘,因此不适宜在大柳树坝址修建水利水电工程。     

Groundwater levels,climate and anthropogenic factors affect the hydrology and water quality of an intermittent and a regulated subtropical stream

Stream hydrology and water quality are highly interconnected and impacted by climate, land use and geology. We examined this connection using monitoring data from 2000 to 2019 for two streams with contrasting hydrological regimes—intermittent and regulated perennial—in subtropical Queensland, Australia. Our main objective was to evaluate relationships between groundwater levels, climate and flow regulation on the hydrology and water quality of an intermittent and a regulated subtropical stream. In intermittently flowing Lockyer Creek, flow was highly dependent on groundwater levels and occurred when the aquifer was recharged to elevations exceeding the upper 90-percentile value. With 9.4% of the catchment area in irrigated horticulture, flow in Lockyer Creek was also likely to be reduced by drawdown of the aquifer for irrigation, with no flow for 30% to 81% of days over the observation period for stations in Lockyer Creek. In contrast, flow in the mid-Brisbane River was continuous, regulated by discharge from a large upstream dam. Nutrient and suspended sediment concentrations in Lockyer Creek were generally higher than in the mid-Brisbane River, likely associated with runoff from agricultural areas adjacent to the stream, while the upstream dam likely reduced the concentration and variability of nutrients and suspended sediment in the mid-Brisbane River. During periods of low flow in the mid-Brisbane River, longitudinal changes in nutrient and suspended sediment concentrations occurred, notably a significant decrease in total and dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations downstream (p < 0.05), indicating a possible effect of in-stream algal uptake and denitrification. This study highlights the impact of human modifications on stream hydrology and water quality in the face of climate change. The findings can inform decision-making on groundwater irrigation or dam release control for water security.     

两江电站水库坝基帷幕灌浆施工工艺

两江电站水库坝基地质条件复杂,有多处断裂破碎带发育。在坝基处理过程中,采用流变性能好的水泥浆,通过合理的灌浆工艺,进行了钻孔帷幕灌浆施工,提高了坝基的承载力与防渗性能,取得了良好的施工效果。     

某上游法尾矿坝抗滑稳定性分析的几点思考

通过某上游法尾矿坝抗滑稳定性分析,对比分析了坝体加高、浸润线条件、排渗系统运行状况和透镜体简化对尾矿坝抗滑稳定性的影响。结果表明,该尾矿坝抗滑稳定性随坝体的加高而降低;排渗系统运行状况对尾矿坝抗滑稳定性的影响超过坝体加高对尾矿坝抗滑稳定性的影响;根据一定简化原则减少透镜体,从而简化剖面形状和计算复杂程度,是一种能反映工程实际但比较保守的分析方法;拟静力法并非适合于所有的尾矿堆积坝抗震稳定性分析,即便采用其所得结果也可能会出现较大偏差。