Significance of soft-sediment clasts in glacial outwash, Puget Sound, USA

Soft-sediment clasts composed of silt and clay are contained within glacial outwash sands in the Puget Sound, Washington State, USA. The outwash was deposited during ice retreat of the Cordilleran ice sheet around 17 cal kyr BP. The soft-sediment clasts have a distinctive and consistent morphology and disposition within the sand beds. The sedimentology, sedimentary structures and presence of soft-sediment clasts suggest sand was deposited as proglacial outwash with silts and clays deposited in meltwater pools. Following drying-out of the pools and subaerial cracking, lumps of silt and clay were excavated by meltwater and transported distally as soft-sediment clasts within high-density flows. The most likely final depositional setting is as a Salisbury-type ‘delta’ in which subaqueous outwash grades distally into deeper water. This interpretation shows the power of soft-sediment clasts to inform on past processes and palaeogeography for which there is often little evidence in the geologic record.     

Climatic implications of latest Pleistocene and earliest Holocene mammalian sympatries in eastern Washington state, USA

For more than fifty years it has been known that mammalian faunas of late-Pleistocene age are taxonomically unique and lack modern analogs. It has long been thought that nonanalog mammalian faunas are limited in North America to areas east of the Rocky Mountains and that late-Pleistocene mammalian faunas in the west were modern in taxonomic composition. A late-Pleistocene fauna from Marmes Rockshelter in southeastern Washington State has no modern analog and defines an area of maximum sympatry that indicates significantly cooler summers than are found in the area today. An earliest Holocene fauna from Marmes Rockshelter defines an area of maximum sympatry, including the site area, but contains a single tentatively identified taxon that may indicate slightly cooler than modern summers.     

Fluid modern ethnic spaces: contesting the spatial ordering of the State in Bolivia

Relationships between the Bolivian State and the emerging indigenous and peasant social movements have become increasingly fluid since the end of the 1970s. Although this process could be traced back to the 1953 Agrarian Reform, it was not until the world crisis of the 1970s and the surge in globalisation that it led to radical changes in the relationship between State and indigenous peoples. Seen from the point of view of the State, our case study of a group of Quechua communities seems to illustrate a process of fragmentation leading to ungovernability and disorder. This understanding has to do with a lack of 'legibility'. However here I replace that 'image' of disorder with another 'feeling' of cultural ordering, one that emerges from indigenous people's livelihoods, strategies and governance from below. I argue for understanding the apparent lack of governance as the expression of an autonomous reorganising process that leads to the regrouping and expansion of indigenous localities linked into new forms of regionalisation.     

不同犯罪类型受害者报警行为特点及其影响因素分析

采用问卷调查数据,以理性选择理论为框架,对广州地区扒窃、诈骗、入室盗窃、暴力侵害四大犯罪类型受害者的报警行为进行了分析。研究发现,扒窃和诈骗的发生率较高,但报警率较低;入室盗窃和暴力侵害的发生率较低,但报警率较高。逻辑回归结果表明,损失的财产价值是影响扒窃、诈骗、入室盗窃、暴力侵害受害者报警行为的共同因素,损失越大,报警的可能性越大。此外,户口状态对扒窃报警行为有影响;入室盗窃和暴力侵害的报警行为还受个人客观属性和主观感知的影响。表明西方的理性选择理论框架适用于中国的报警率研究,但在选择具体的衡量指标时应更慎重;在对用公安部门的数据进行犯罪空间分析时,应注意报警率的影响。     

天津滨海新区区域发展过程研究

以天津经济新区－滨海新区为例，以1993－2000年相关统计资料为基础，通过其发展过程和影响因素分析，探讨区域发展特点，滨海新区的研究表明，在我国由计划经济向市场经济体制转型时期，小区域发展是一个相当复杂的过程，政府在滨海新区的发展过程中始终扮演重要角色，中央政府通过经济政策创造宏观发展环境，影响区域发展，地方政府是地方发展战略的决策者，通过促进经济增长引导区域发展方向，形成区域特色，地方开发条件是影响区域发展的基本因素，其在开发的初期阶段尤为重要，它是政府发展战略形成和外商投资选择的基础，环渤海城市间的竞争与联合对天津滨海新区的发展亦产生重大影响。     

Producing interventions for AIDS-affected young people in Lesotho’s schools: Scalar relations and power differentials

Children and youth are a key target group for interventions to address southern Africa’s AIDS pandemic. Such interventions are frequently implemented through schools, and are often complex products of negotiation between a range of institutional actors including international agencies, NGOs, government departments and individual schools. These institutions not only stand in different (horizontally scaled) spatial relationships to students in schools; they also appear to operate at different hierarchical levels. Empirical research with policy makers and practitioners in Lesotho, however, reveals how interventions are produced through flows of knowledge, funding and personnel within and between institutions that make it difficult to assert that any intervention is manifestly more international or more local than any other. Scale theory offers the metaphor of a network or web which usefully serves to move attention away from discrete organisations, sectors and scalar positionings and onto the relationships and flows between them. Nevertheless, organisations and development interventions are often partly structured in scalar hierarchical ways that express substantive power differentials and shape the forms of interaction that take place, albeit not binding them to strict binaries or nested hierarchies. A modified network metaphor is useful in aiding understanding of how particular interventions are produced through intermeshing scales and diverse fluid interactions, and why they take the form they do.     

美国天然气水合物研究计划介绍

以美国近年来提出的天然气水合物研究计划和项目申请书为基础,介绍美国科学家在天然气水合物研究领域中所关心的关键科学与技术问题和研究焦点,供我国天然气水合物研究者在项目设计和开展研究工作时参考。美国天然气水合物研究关注的重点科学问题主要集中在 4个方面：天然气水合物的物理与化学特性研究;天然气水合物开采技术研究;天然气水合物灾害-安全性与海底稳定性研究;天然气水合物在全球碳循环中的作用研究。在研究方法上主要采取天然气水合物区的现场地质地球化学观测、实验室合成和测定及计算模拟,特别关注与水合物和油气冷泉相关的生命过程及与水合物的相互作用研究。     

叶片变桨失效过程中空气动力失衡对海上风机影响

叶片桨距角之间的角度差异产生的空气动力失衡是海上风机的主要动力问题之一。基于海上风机分析程序FAST和水动力计算程序WADAM开发的一种时域数值模拟程序,可计算海上风机系统在风浪载荷作用下的耦合动力响应。应用此数值工具,模拟一个叶片上变桨控制系统失效的情况,研究空气动力失衡对浮式海上风机系统运动响应的影响。分析表明,空气动力载荷失衡引起的激振不仅激发了浮式基础的横向运动,而且增大了基础的纵荡运动和首摇运动。同时,空气动力失衡还大幅增加了风机塔柱底部受到的横向剪切力,对风机系统的安全性造成了威胁。     

地理国情野外调绘核查系统设计与实现

地理国情野外调绘核查系统是地理国情监测生产技术体系的重要组成部分。地理国情野外调绘、核查、样本采集等工作的独特性,使用户对野外调绘核查系统产品的轻便实用、高效易用、成本低廉等方面有着强烈要求。该文介绍了作者对该类产品研发的设计思考,给出了一套野外信息快速采集和数据实时入库的产品解决方案。在多个省市的应用实践表明,该产品非常适用于各地地理国情野外调绘核查工作。