海水海泥跃变区钢铁电化学腐蚀行为研究

于１９９３年１－７月，在室内模拟条件下研究钢铁试样在海泥－海水跃变区的电化学腐蚀特征。发现钢试样在该跃区产生了电偶腐蚀，电偶极性在实验期间内发生逆转，试验前后电偶试样的稳定自由腐蚀电位都发生正移，且水中试样电位正移植大于泥中试样的正移植，还发现温度以电化学参数无明显影响。     

地质雷达在风火山隧道病害检测中的应用与结果分析

青藏铁路全线开通运营以来,对处于高寒地区的永久冻土隧道之一的风火山隧道的质量状态首次进行了无损检测。风火山隧道处于高寒永久冻土区,隧道全部处于冻岩中,两端洞口主要为砂岩与泥岩,并且为富冰冻土。受到季节性冻融的影响,隧道病害比较突出,主要表现为衬砌裂缝,漏水涌水,衬砌酥松剥落。为了准确地掌握风火山隧道衬砌结构质量状态,本文首次应用于风火山隧道衬砌结构的质量检测。该检测设备一改传统破坏式的检测方法,具有快速、简捷、无损、灵活的特点。通过对现场数据处理分析,可以精确探测衬砌厚度,查明衬砌背后存在的空洞和回填不密实区域。检测结果表明,隧道在高寒恶劣环境中,衬砌总体外观质量尚好,但是在两端洞口段有渗水现象;衬砌背后空洞缺陷等级为严重地段测线长度为20m,等级为极严重地段测线长度为98m;衬砌背后回填不密实缺陷等级为严重地段测线长度为41m,等级为极严重地段测线长度为33m。检测结果与实际病害情况基本相符。     

关于曹妃甸某排水管道CIPP壁厚设计的歧义

本文根据曹妃甸某排水管道的招标文件,概要介绍了曹妃甸厂区待修复排水管道的运行状况和修复实践,并分别就不同CIPP工法（软管翻转法、软管拉入加热固化法、软管拉入紫外线固化法）遵照ASTMF1216—05规定,计算出内衬层厚度,并与招标文件对比,指出其不足。希望引起排水业界对CIPP工艺适用范围的关注,在应用中加强技术评价工作,以进一步促进管道非开挖修复事业在我国的健康发展。     

利用有限元方法模拟力学拉伸试验以钢纤维混凝土为例

力学试验是获取岩石等许多工程材料力学性能的主要方法之一。 但是对某些特殊材料, 由于影响其力学性能的因素众多, 单纯通过试验来获取其力学性能, 成本高, 过程复杂。 如工程抗震中目前普遍使用的钢纤维混凝土(SFRC), 很难单纯通过力学试验来获取钢纤维的分布对其力学性能的影响。 本文基于随机方法对钢纤维混凝土建立有限元模型, 利用数值模拟的方法来估计钢纤维的分布和体积率对钢纤维混凝土拉伸性能的影响。 通过与试验结果比较验证了其可行性, 结果表明钢纤维的分布对钢纤维混凝土屈服前的力学性能影响较小, 对屈服后的应力-应变特征影响较大。 当钢纤维体积率从1%变化到2%, 钢纤维混凝土的屈服强度与体积率大致为线性关系, 强度随之增加。     

酒泉钢铁公司地下水源地数值模拟及水位预报

依据实际勘察资料,在全面阐述供水水源地水文地质条件及开采状况,进行地下水均衡计算的基础上,建立了勘察区地下水二维流水量数学模拟模型,重点以酒钢近期和远期对地下水资源的需求量2个开采方案为依据,利用模型对未来水源地地下水位的变化趋势和特征进行了预测预报。结果表明,各水源地总计按近期27.648万m3/d开采至2030年,开采区最大水位降深小于设计允许降深12m,并均已形成稳定的降落漏斗,由此引起的泉水溢出量减少对酒泉西盆地生态环境基本无影响,对现有的其它水源地影响甚微。而各水源地总计按远期34.56万m3/d开采至2030年,北大河、嘉峪关水源地开采井降深小于设计允许降深,自2011年降落漏斗已基本稳定,但黑山湖水源地开采降落漏斗中心最大水位降深分别为17.22m和23.60m,远大于设计允许降深,并且地下水位持续下降,降落漏斗不断扩大并与北大河、嘉峪关水源地降落漏斗相连形成区域性大降落漏斗,由此引起的水位降幅将使现有的泉水大量衰减直至完全消失,对下游生态环境将产生巨大的负面影响。为实现水资源的永续利用和酒钢经济的可持续发展,酒泉公司未来必须实施开源与节流并具的用水战略。     

Zinc speciation in steel plant atmospheric emissions: A multi-technical approach

Epidemiological studies have provided evidence for the association of air particulate matter (PM) and heavy metals concentrations with adverse health effects for human population but also for environment. Even if the knowledge of PM and metals concentration is important, it has been clearly demonstrated that the chemical form of an element is essential to understand its environmental behaviour and its potential toxicity. Studies have demonstrated that zinc (Zn), particularly in its soluble forms, induces inflammatory response in lungs. As steel plant is an important heavy metals emitter, and as atmospheric emissions are rich in Zn, the aim of our work was to determine Zn bearing phase and speciation in steel work air particulate matter by a multi-technical approach including physical methods like SEM, Extended X-Rays Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) and chemical techniques like ICP-AES and sequential leaching. Results show that Zn is mainly associated with two phases, (i) one insoluble phase which has been clearly identified, as Zn–Fe oxide and similar to franklinite, and (ii) one easily soluble phase, containing calcium and probably associated with carbonates which present a greater toxical potential for environment and human health.     

钢结构管道穿越西山断层安全性分析

根据乌鲁木齐市西山发震断层的有关资料,针对西山地区两种主要地层岩土工程数据,利用有限元理论,采用大型通用有限元分析软件ANSYS对天然气管线穿越西山断层的反应进行了分析和研究。通过分析穿越断层地下管线的应力与变形情况,得出了在使用年限内钢结构管道以粉土层为地基持力层和覆土材料将处于安全状态的结论。     

Industrial pollution at Bagnoli (Naples, Italy): benthic foraminifera as a tool in integrated programs of environmental characterisation

In the 20th century an important industrial plant operated on the coastal area of Bagnoli. After its closing, an integrated study of environmental characterisation aimed at restoration started. The survey conducted was based on chemical and sedimentological analyses integrated with benthic foraminifera analyses. Statistical analysis of the data shows sectors with a distinct type and degree of pollution. Particularly, pollution linked to the silty sediment fraction, mainly due to Pb and Zn, was recognised in front of the southern sector of the plant. The study of benthic foraminifera provides evidence for a pollution-tolerant character in some species like Haynesina germanica and Quinqueloculina parvula. In addition, two species among the 113 recognised show high percentages of abnormal specimens. These percentages show a statistical correlation with some pollutants (PAHs, Mn, Pb and Zn). In addition, Energy Dispersive Spectrometry shows small amounts of Fe ions included in deformed tests of Miliolinella subrotunda. Because the number of these deformations is positively correlated to the concentration of PAHs, Mn and Zn, the inability of some specimens to exclude the foreign elements from the crystalline reticulum of the test could be attributed to the potential toxic effect of these pollutants.     

钢在不同海底沉积物中的腐蚀研究

1993年9月—1994年9月在中国科学院海洋研究所培育楼流动海水实验室将普通碳钢（A3钢）和低合金钢（16Mn钢）以分别和电连接两种挂片方式置于海面大气区、海水全浸区和不同的海底沉积物中进行一年的室内模拟实验。结果表明，两种钢在海洋环境中的腐蚀率在分别挂片时呈下列顺序：海面大气区＞海水全浸区＞海底沉积区；在电连挂片时出现如下顺序：海面大气区＞海底沉积区＞海水全浸区。随着海底沉积物颗粒度的减小，水／泥（砂）界面腐蚀最轻的钢片的腐蚀速度在电连挂片时成正相关关系，分别挂片时影响不大。处于沉积区最底部的钢片因成为宏电池的阳极，而遭受最严重的腐蚀。低合金钢的腐蚀率比普碳钢略大。     

应力腐蚀开裂的一种概率竞争机制

１９９８年１月,采用极化曲线,慢应变速率及扫描电镜等试验技术,研究了奥氏体不锈钢的应力腐蚀开裂。结果表明,奥氏体不锈钢在酸性氯离子溶液中处于活性阳极溶解状态,但去发生应力腐蚀开裂,其断口形貌具有解理特征。这种ＳＣＣ无法用钝化膜破裂一再钝化理论和氢脆理论解释。本文以阳极溶解和表变的相互作用,激光散斑干涉术对裂纹尖端应变行为的测量,断口形貌观察等实验结果为基础,结合韧性和脆性断裂概率竞争的观点,提出了